The Curzon Line was a proposed demarcation line between the Second Polish Republic and the Soviet Union, two new states emerging after World War I. Based on a suggestion by Herbert James Paton, it was first proposed in 1919 by Lord Curzon, the British Foreign Secretary, to the Supreme War Council as a diplomatic basis for a future border agreement.
Galicia is a historical and geographic region spanning what is now southeastern Poland and western Ukraine, long part of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. It covers much of the other historic regions of Red Ruthenia and Lesser Poland.
Stanisławów Voivodeship was an administrative district of the interwar Poland (1920–1939). It was established in December 1920 with an administrative center in Stanisławów. The voivodeship had an area of 16,900 km2 and comprised twelve counties (powiaty). Following World War II, at the insistence of Joseph Stalin during the Tehran Conference of 1943, Poland's borders were redrawn, Polish population forcibly resettled and Stanisławów Voivodeship was incorporated into the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic as Stanislav Oblast.
Eastern Borderlands or simply Borderlands was a term coined for the eastern part of the Second Polish Republic during the interwar period (1918–1939). Largely agricultural and extensively multi-ethnic with a Polish minority, it amounted to nearly half of the territory of interwar Poland. Historically situated in the eastern Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, following the 18th-century foreign partitions it was divided between the Empires of Russia and Austria-Hungary, and ceded to Poland in 1921 after the Treaty of Riga. As a result of the post-World War II border changes, all of the territory was ceded to the USSR, and none of it is in modern Poland.
Zygmunt Szweykowski was a historian of Polish literature who specialized in 19th-century Polish prose.
Wiktor Ormicki was a Polish geographer and cartographer, and a university professor. He was of Jewish descent. A specialist in economical geography and demography, he served at various posts in the Jagiellonian University, Wolna Wszechnica, Higher Trade School of Kraków and Lwów University. Arrested by the Germans during World War II in Sonderaktion Krakau, he was murdered in the Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp.
The Flying University was an underground educational enterprise that operated from 1885 to 1905 in Warsaw, the historic Polish capital, then under the control of the Russian Empire, and that was revived between 1977 and 1981 in the communist People's Republic of Poland.
Lwów Voivodeship was an administrative unit of interwar Poland (1918–1939). Because of the Nazi invasion of Poland in accordance with the secret Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, it became occupied by both the Wehrmacht and the Red Army in September 1939. Following the conquest of Poland however, the Polish underground administration existed there until August 1944. Only around half of the Voivodeship was returned to Poland after the war ended. It was split diagonally just east of Przemyśl; with its eastern half, including Lwów itself, ceded to the Ukrainian SSR at the insistence of Joseph Stalin during the Tehran Conference confirmed at the Yalta Conference of 1945.
Łódź Voivodeship was a unit of administrative division and local government in Poland from 1919 to 1939. At the time, it covered a large portion of the mid-western part of the country, including such cities as Łódź, Piotrków Trybunalski, Sieradz and Radomsko. The capital of the Łódź Voivodeship was always Łódź, but the land that comprised it changed several times.
Stefania Zahorska, pseudonym Pandora, was a Polish art historian, writer, and publicist. She was one of the most highly respected, widely read, and influential Polish film critics during the interwar period.
Hanna Ożogowska was a Polish novelist and poet.
Lucjan Zarzecki (1873–1925) was a Polish pedagogue and mathematician, a co-originator of national education concept. His area of study was general didactics and didactics of mathematics.
Edward Szturm de Sztrem was a Polish statistician and demographer. From 1929 till the German invasion of Poland in 1939 he was the director of the Polish Central Statistical Office, succeeding Józef Buzek. In 1937 he became the president of the newly founded Polish Statistical Society. He was a lecturer in the Wolna Wszechnica Polska before the war, and after the war, in the Main School of Planning and Statistics.
The Museum of Polish Military Technology is a military museum in the Mokotów district of Warsaw, Poland. It is a branch of the Polish Army Museum. It is located in former Fort IX of the Warsaw Fortress.
Zygmunt Zalcwasser was a Polish mathematician from the Warsaw School of Mathematics in the period between the World Wars collaborating especially in the fields of logic, set theory, general topology and real analysis. Zalcwasser, who worked on the Fourier series, introduced the Zalcwasser rank [Za] measuring the uniform convergence of sequences of continuous functions on the unit interval. Zalcwasser received his Ph.D. at the Warsaw University in 1928. He served as professor at the Wolna Wszechnica Polska in 1933–34 and after the invasion of Poland in 1939 lived in the Warsaw Ghetto. He was murdered in the gas chambers of the Treblinka extermination camp in 1943 during the Holocaust in Poland.
Irena Jurgielewiczowa was a Polish teacher and writer of children's literature and young adult literature. During World War II she was an underground teacher, member of Armia Krajowa, and participant of the Warsaw Uprising. After the war she was a lecturer at the University of Warsaw.
Wszechnica Polska University of Applied Sciences in Warsaw is a private university located in Warsaw, Poland.
Józef Wierusz-Kowalski was a Polish physicist and diplomat. He discovered the phenomenon of progressive phosphorescence. He served as Rector of the University of Fribourg, and helped to establish the section for physics at the reopened University of Warsaw. After Polish independence was established, he served as the Polish ambassador to the Holy See, the Netherlands, Austria and Turkey.
Wanda Marie Szczawińska was a Polish biologist, pediatrician, lecturer, social activist, journalist, and member of the Order of Polonia Restituta.
Marcin Kacprzak was a doctor, educator, pedagogue, publicist, pioneer of social medicine in Poland.
