Friedrich Joseph, Count of Nauendorf

Last updated

Friedrich August Joseph, Count of Nauendorf
Born(1749-08-03)3 August 1749
Heilsdorf, Saxon Vogtland
Died30 December 1801(1801-12-30) (aged 52)
Troppau, Austrian Silesia
Allegiance Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor without haloes (1400-1806).svg Habsburg monarchy
Service/branchColonel-Proprietor (Inhaber), 8th Hussar Regiment (1799 – 30 December 1801)
Years of service1763–1801
Rank Feldmarschall-leutnant
Battles/wars
Awards

Friedrich Joseph of Nauendorf, a general in Habsburg service during the French Revolutionary Wars, was noted for his intrepid and daring cavalry raids. Like most Austrian officers of the French Revolutionary Wars, he joined the military as a young man, and served in the War of Bavarian Succession. In the war's opening action, he successfully repelled a Prussian border raid, which earned him the admiration of the Empress Maria Theresa's son, Joseph. His continued success in the Habsburg border wars with the Ottoman Empire added to his reputation as a commander.

Contents

In the Wars of the First and Second Coalitions, his forces were vital to the successful relief of Mainz, and his commands captured the French siege train and most of the supplies during the French evacuation. In the campaigns in Swabia (1799), he commanded the advanced guard, and later the center of the main column at the Battle of Stockach on 25 March 1799. At the First Battle of Zürich in 1799, he commanded the right wing in the Austrian victory of André Masséna's force. After the Swabian and Swiss campaigns, he retired in poor health, and died in 1801.

Early career

Born in the village of Heilsdorf, [1] in the Saxon Vogtland, 3 August 1749, Nauendorf came from a family of minor Saxon aristocracy and Prussian state administrators. His grandfather was a states' attorney in Jena. His father, Freiherr (Baron) Carl Georg Christian Nauendorf, was a cavalry officer in Habsburg military service in the Seven Years' War, and was present at the Battle of Kolín. [2] He was also part of Baron Ernst Gideon von Laudon's army on 30 September – 1 October 1761, when Laudon led the force in the storming of Schweidnitz. [3]

Nauendorf joined the 8th Hussar Regiment in 1763. [4] In 1766, his father became Colonel and Proprietor (Inhaber) of the regiment; upon his father's death in 1775, Dagobert Sigmund von Wurmser became Colonel and Inhaber, and the Regiment became known as 8th Hussar Wurmser, or Wurmser's Hussars. [5]

War in Bohemia and Silesia

In 1778, Nauendorf was a Rittmeister (captain of cavalry) of the Wurmser Hussar Regiment, and stationed near the border of Bohemia and Prussia, by Pressburg (present-day Bratislava), the regiment's peacetime garrison. [6] At the end of the year, the Duke of Bavaria, Maximilian III Joseph, Elector of Bavaria, died unexpectedly of smallpox. As the last of the Bavarian Wittelsbach dynasty, descended from 13th century Holy Roman Emperor Louis the Bavarian, Maximilian was related to most of the German houses, and Bavaria was strategically located to entice the Habsburgs, chiefly Archduke and co-Regent Joseph, to covet the duchy. [7] Tensions rose between and among the princes of the German states, principally Elector of Saxony, King of Prussia, and Joseph; their diplomats shuttled between courts to resolve problems raised by the Bavarian Succession crisis, while Frederick II of Prussia, Frederick August of Saxony and Joseph of Austria moved their extensive armies into position in Bohemia. [8]

In early July 1778, the Prussian General Johann Jakob von Wunsch (1717–1788) crossed into Bohemia near the fortified town of Náchod, in the opening action of the War of the Bavarian Succession. Nauendorf had only 50 Hussars, but they sallied from their garrison to engage the larger Prussian force. Encountering Wunsch, Nauendorf greeted the old Prussian general and his men as friends; by the time the Prussians realized the allegiance of the Hussars, Nauendorf and his small force had acquired the strategic advantage. Following a brief skirmish, Wunsch withdrew. The next day Nauendorf was promoted to major. [9] [10] [11] In a letter to her son, Joseph, the Empress Maria Theresa wrote: "They say you are so pleased with the rookie Nauendorf, the Carlstätter or Hungarian who killed seven men, that you gave him 12  ducats." [12] Enamored with the possibility of acquiring Bavaria, Joseph encouraged successful raids against the Prussian troops. On 7 August 1778, with two squadrons of his regiment, Nauendorf led a raid against a Prussian convoy at Biebersdorf in the County of Kladsko. The surprised convoy surrendered, and Nauendorf captured its officers, 110 men, 476 horses, 240 wagons of flour, and 13 transport wagons. [13]

In another raid, on 17–18 January 1779, Nauendorf's commander, Dagobert von Wurmser advanced into the County of Glatz in five columns, surrounded Habelschwerdt, stormed the village. In a subsequent assault on the so-called Swedish blockhouse in Oberschwedeldorf (now Szalejów Górny), [14] [15] it and the village of Habelschwerdt were set on fire by howitzers. In total, the raid resulted in the capture of Prince Adolf of Hesse-Philippsthal and over 1,000 men, three cannon and ten colors. [14] Wurmser's forward patrols reached the outskirts of Glatz, and patrolled much of Silesia's border with Prussia, near Schweidnitz. [16] Halberschwerdt and Oberschedeldorf were both destroyed. [17]

On 3 March 1779, Nauendorf raided the Berbersdorf again, this time with a larger force of infantry and hussars, and took the entire Prussian garrison as prisoner. Following this action, Joseph, now Emperor, awarded him the Knight's Cross of the Military Order of Maria Theresa (19 May 1779). [13] This kind of action characterized the entire war; there were no major battles. The armies of the opposing sides conducted series of raids and counter-raids from which they lived off the country-side and tried to deny each other access to supplies and fodder. [18]

Badge of the Order of Maria Theresa. Nauendorf received this award for his successful raids on Prussian outposts in Saxony in the Potato War. Maria-Theresia-Orden.jpg
Badge of the Order of Maria Theresa. Nauendorf received this award for his successful raids on Prussian outposts in Saxony in the Potato War.

Action in the border war

Nauendorf served with the Habsburg forces during the Ottoman wars from 1787 to 1791. On 19–20 October 1788, near Tomaševac (present day Serbia), Nauendorf routed 1,200 of the elite Sipahis with two squadrons of hussars. [19] On 23 October 1788, with only six squadrons of hussars, he attacked the Turkish rearguard in the village of Pančevo, in the Banat, during which the Turkish commander was mortally wounded. On 16  September 1789, he led the successful raid on the island of Borecs in the Danube, which garnered greatly needed supplies from the Turkish forces. [20] On 9 November of that year, he led four squadrons of his regiment to capture Gladova, 10 miles (16 km) from the so-called Iron Gate of the Danube. [21] Nauendorf was awarded command of 30th Hussar Regiment Wurmser, as the so-called second colonel, who functioned as an executive officer. [22] On 12 March 1779, Joseph elevated Nauendorf to the rank of Count, or Graf. [23]

Austrian action on the Rhine

Promotions [4]

  • joined Hussars: 1763
  • Rittmeister (captain of cavalry): 1778
  • Major: 7 July 1778
  • Lt. Colonel: 1784
  • Colonel: 1789
  • Major General: 16 March 1793 (effective 4 December 1791)
  • Feldmarschall-leutnant: 1 March 1797 (effective 22 January 1797)

In 1792, Nauendorf's regiment served on the lower (northern) Rhine river and at Trier on the Moselle river in the French Revolutionary Wars. In December of that year, his regiment successfully defended Pellingen, Merzkirchen and Oberleuken from the attacks of General of Division La Baroliére's Army of the Moselle. [24]

In 1795, Nauendorf served in Field Marshal Charles Joseph de Croix, Count of Clerfayt's Army of the Lower Rhine, which relieved Mainz. On 10 October, a portion of the Corps of Observation had surprised the French at Hochst; Jourdan was withdrawing his force from the blockade of Mainz. On 13 October, Nauendorf, commander of part of Count Clerfayt's Corps of Observation, sent his cavalry across the Main River, with the infantry following in boats; they surprised and overwhelmed Jourdan's rear guard at Niederhausen, capturing five guns, 30+ wagons and 80 ammunition caissons. [25] On 29 October, Nauendorf captured most of the French siege train and supply wagons evacuated from Mainz. Finally, in that year on 6 November, his victory at Rochenhausen prevented the unification of the French armies of the Rhin-et-Moselle and the Sambre-et-Meuse. [26]

During the maneuvers leading to the Battle of Amberg on 24 August 1796, Nauendorf's cavalry reconnaissance discovered crucial intelligence, after which he sent Archduke Charles the message: "If your Royal Highness will or can advance 12,000 men against Jourdan's rear, he is lost." [27] After the Austrian victory at Amberg, Nauendorf prevented General Jean-Victor Moreau's attempted Danube crossing at Neuburg and thwarted Moreau's next attempt to flank the Austrians by passing through Ulm. [28]

The second Battle of Messkirch in 1800 was a disaster for the Austrians. Bataille de Biberach.jpg
The second Battle of Messkirch in 1800 was a disaster for the Austrians.

Action in Switzerland and Swabia

When the War of the Second Coalition began in early 1799, Nauendorf fought in the Austrian victories at Ostrach (21 March) and then at Stockach (25 March). In early March he led the advanced guard of 17,000 across the Lech River by Augsburg, to deploy at Ostrach, a village about 9 kilometres (6 mi) of the Danube River and less than 2 kilometres (1 mi) from the Free Imperial City of Pfullendorf. Jourdan's Army of the Danube had crossed the Rhine on 1 March, and moved east to cut communication between the main Austrian force, quartered near Augsburg, and the Austrian troops in northern Italy. At Ostrach, his advanced guard sustained the immediate shock of contact, but the main force of the army was less than a day behind him, and Archduke Charles, the commander of the Austrian force, divided his army into three assault columns to make a simultaneous attack at three points on the French line; after a day of nasty fighting, the Austrians flanked the French at the north and south, and threatened to break through the line in the middle. The French withdrew to Mösskirch, and then to Engen and Stockach, where, on 25 March, the fighting renewed. At Stockach, Nauendorf again commanded the Austrian advanced guard, which was composed of troops seasoned, as he had been, in the Habsburg border wars. The advanced guard, or Vorhut, was redeployed before the battle as the center of the main Austrian line, and took the brunt of the initial fighting. [29]

After the French retreat from the Hegau region into the Black Forest, Nauendorf took his force across the Rhine between Constance and Stein am Rhein on 22 May, and positioned himself at Steinegg. After Friedrich, Freiherr von Hotze's column successfully pushed the French out of Winterthur on 26 May, Archduke Charles instructed Nauendorf to secure the village of Neftenbach, which effectively closed a semicircle around the French force at Zürich. Once the Austrian main army united with its left wing, under Nauendorf, and its far left, under Hotze, Charles ordered the assault on Zürich. On 4 June, Nauendorf helped to rout the French force at Battle of Zürich, commanding the Coalition's right wing; with sustained pressure on Andre Massena's force, Massena pulled his army across the Limmat river, and dug into positions on the low ring of hills there, biding his time until the propitious moment to retake the city, which he did in September, 1799, at the Second Battle of Zürich; Nauendorf was not present for this action, being with Archduke Charles on a march north, toward Mainz. In 1800, Nauendorf fought in the Austrian losses at Stockach and Engen on 3 May, Mösskirch on 5 May, and Biberach on 9 May. [30]

Nauendorf retired in poor health at the end of the 1800 campaign. He died in Troppau, Austrian Silesia (today Opava, in the Czech Republic), 30 December 1801. [22]

Sources

Citations and notes

  1. ↑ Probably Helsdorf, now in Burgstädt, Mittelsachsen.
  2. ↑ Charles Joseph, Prince de Ligne, refers to M. de Nauendorf, and a small skirmish that he carried off on 17 May 1757, outside of Königsgrätz; this was the prince's first engagement under fire, and he was enormously pleased with it: "...happy as a king..." Charles Joseph, Prince de Ligne. The Prince de Ligne. His memoirs, letters, and miscellaneous papers. Boston: Hardy, Pratt & Co., 1902, p. 69.
  3. ↑ (in German) Franz Dedekind. Geschichte des k.k. Kaiser Franz Joseph I. Dragoner-Regimentes Nr. 11, von seiner Errichtung, 20. Dezember 1688, bis 6. Mai 1879. Wien: np, 1879, p. 176.
  4. 1 2 (in German) "Nauendorf, Friedrich August Graf" in: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, herausgegeben von der Historischen Kommission bei der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Band 23 (1886), ab Seite 299, Digitale Volltext-Ausgabe in Wikisource URL: Nauendorf
  5. ↑ (in German) K.u.K. Kriegsministerium. Militär-Schematismus des österreichischen Kaiserthums. Wien, Aus der k.k. Hof- und Staats-Druckerei. 1865-1918. p. 402, p. 807.
  6. ↑ Istvan Nagy. Hussar Regiment Number 8 (Austrian). Napoleon Series. Robert Burnham, editor in Chief. April 2008. Retrieved 18 March 2010.
  7. ↑ Jean Berenger. A History of the Habsburg Empire 1700–1918. C. Simpson, Trans. New York: Longman, 1997, ISBN   0-582-09007-5, pp. 104–105
  8. ↑ These armies, totaling over 300,000 men, were larger in manpower and firepower than any of the forces mobilized in the Seven Years' War. Timothy Blanning. The Pursuit of Glory: Europe 1648-1815. New York: Viking, 2007. ISBN   978-0-670-06320-8, pp. 591, 610–611. Michael Hochedlinger. Austria's Wars of Emergence, 1683–1799. London: Longman, 2003, p. 300.
  9. ↑ (in German) Jens Florian Ebert, Feldmarschall-Leutnant Graf von Nauendorf. In Die Österreichischen Generäle 1792-1815. Accessed 30 January 2012.
  10. ↑ (in German) Carl von Seidl, Versuch einer militärischen Geschichte des Bayerischen Erbfolge-Kriegs, im Jahre 1778: im Gesichtspunkte der Wahrheit betrachtet..., Von einem Königl. Preussischen Officier 1781. Band 1, p. 144
  11. ↑ (in German) Constant von Wurzbach. "Nauendorf, Friedrich August Graf." Biographisches lexikon des kaiserthums Oesterreich, enthaltend die lebensskizzen der denkwürdigen personen, welche seit 1750 in den österreichischen kronländern geboren wurden oder darin gelebt und gewirkt haben. Wien: K.K. Hof- und staatsdruckerie [etc.] 1856-91, Volume 20, pp. 103–105, p. 103 cited.
  12. ↑ (in French) "Maria Theresa to Joseph, 17 July, 1778." Maria Theresa, Empress and Joseph, Holy Roman Emperor. Maria Theresia und Joseph II. Ihre Correspondenz sammt Briefen Joseph's an seinen Bruder Leopold. Wien, C. Gerold's Sohn, 1867–68, p. 345–46. Full text is: "On dit que vous avez été si content de Nauendorf, d'un recrue Carlstätter ou hongrois qui a tué sept hommes, que vous lui avez donné douze ducats;..."
  13. 1 2 (in German) Ebert, "Nauendorf."
  14. 1 2 (in Polish) Henryk Grzybowski, Fort Oberschwedeldorf w Szalejowie Górnym - nieznany fort Ziemi Kłodzkiej In: "Gazeta Prowincjonalna Ziemi Kłodzkiej", No 17/2011.
  15. ↑ (in German) Henryk Grzybowski, Fort Oberschwedeldorf, unbekanntes Fort in der Grafschaft Glatz In: "Altheider Weihnachtsbrief", Ausgabe 15, 2011, S. 140–143.
  16. ↑ (in German)Constant Wurzbach. "Dagoburt Sigismund von Wurmser." Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Österreich. Vienna, 1856–91, vol 59, pp. 1–5.
  17. ↑ Oscar Criste. "Dagobert Sigmund von Wurmser." Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie. Herausgegeben von der Historischen Kommission bei der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Band 44 (1898), S. 338–340, Digitale Volltext-Ausgabe in Wikisource. (Version vom 24. März 2010, 3:18 Uhr UTC). Hochedlinger, p. 368.
  18. ↑ The War of Bavarian Succession is also known as the Potato War, or Kartoffelkrieg, in Prussia and Saxony, and as the Plum Fuss, or Zwetschenrummel in Austria and Bavaria. Berenger, pp. 104–105. Hochedlinger, p. 368. Williams, p. 245.
  19. ↑ (in German) "Nauendorf." ADB. Kudrna, Leopold, and Digby Smith. A biographical dictionary of all Austrian Generals in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, 1792–1815. "Nauendorf". Napoleon Series, Robert Burnham, editor in chief. April 2008 version. Accessed 19 October 2009. Two squadrons is approximately 300 men and six officers. See definition of "Eskadron," (squadron) in (in German) Meyers Konversations-Lexikon – Meyers Auflagen und Ausgaben Archived 8 February 2009 at the Wayback Machine . Lexikon und Enzyklopädie – Umfangreiche Übersicht mit sehr vielen Abbildungen zu den einzelnen Meyers-Auflagen und deren unterschiedlichen Einbandvarianten.
  20. ↑ (in German) Fr. Vaníček. Specialgeschichte der Militärgrenze: aus Originalquellen und Quellenwerken geschöpft. Wien: Aus der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, 1875, pp. 447–448.
  21. ↑ J. R. McCulloch. "Gladova." A dictionary, geographical, statistical, and historical of the various countries, places, and principal natural objects in the world. London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, 1854, p. 903.
  22. 1 2 (in German) Ebert. "Nauendorf."
  23. ↑ Kudrna and Smith, in "Nauendorf", maintain that he was raised to the rank of Count in 1779; Andreas Thürheim, Graf, in Gedenkblätter aus der Kriegsgeschichte der k. k. österreichischen. Wien: K. Prochaska, 1880, maintains that Nauendorf was honored for his military exploits in the Bavarian Succession crisis in 1779, but that he was not raised to the rank of "Count" until 1784. See page 202: German: 1779, Oberst und Regiments Commandant Franz von Boriscky und Major Friederich August Baron Nauendorf wurden für ihren ausgezeichneten Waffenthaten im baierischen Erbfolgeskrieg b e i d e M.T.O.-R. Letzterer 1784 zu Grafenstand erhoben. English: "1779, Colonel and Regimental Commander Franz von Boriscky and Major Friederich August, Baron Nauendorf, both were awarded the Knight's (badge) of the Military Order of Maria Theresa. The latter in 1784 raised to the rank of Count."
  24. ↑ Kudrna and Smith. "Nauendorf".
  25. ↑ (in German) Ebert. "Nauendorf." Smith, Data Book. p. 106.
  26. ↑ Kudrna and Smith. "Nauendorf". Smith, Data Book. p. 106–108.
  27. ↑ B.H. Liddell-Hart. Strategy. NY: Praeger Publishers, 1967, p. 97.
  28. ↑ Kudrna and Smith. "Nauendorf". Smith, Data Book. p. 118.
  29. ↑ Gunther E. Rothenberg. Napoleon's Great Adversaries: Archduke Charles and the Austrian Army 1792–1914. Stroud, (Gloucester): Spellmount, 2007, p. 74; The History of the campaigns in the years 1796, 1797, 1798 and 1799, in Germany, Italy, Switzerland, & c. Illustrated with sixteen maps and plans of the countries and fortresses. London: T. Gardiner [etc.], 1812, p. 70.
  30. ↑ (in German) "Nauendorf," ADB; Kudrna and Smith. "Nauendorf".

Bibliography

Military offices
Preceded by Proprietor (Inhaber) of Hussar Regiment N°8 (1798-1801)
Hussar Regiment N° 30 (1797)
1797–1801		Succeeded by

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">War of the Bavarian Succession</span> 18th-century war between the Austrian Habsburgs and a Prussian/Saxon alliance

The War of the Bavarian Succession was a dispute between the Austrian Habsburg monarchy and an alliance of Saxony and Prussia over succession to the Electorate of Bavaria after the extinction of the Bavarian branch of the House of Wittelsbach. The Habsburgs sought to acquire Bavaria, and the alliance opposed them, favoring another branch of the Wittelsbachs. Both sides mobilized large armies, but the only fighting in the war was a few minor skirmishes. However, thousands of soldiers died from disease and starvation, earning the conflict the name Kartoffelkrieg in Prussia and Saxony; in Habsburg Austria, it was sometimes called the Zwetschgenrummel.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Heinrich von Bellegarde</span>

Count Heinrich von Bellegarde, Viceroy of Lombardy-Venetia, of a noble Savoyard family, was born in Saxony, joined the Saxon army and later entered Habsburg military service, where he became a general officer serving in the Habsburg border wars, the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars. He became a Generalfeldmarschall and statesman.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dagobert Sigmund von Wurmser</span> Austrian marshall

Dagobert Sigismund, Count von Wurmser was an Austrian field marshal during the French Revolutionary Wars. Although he fought in the Seven Years' War, the War of the Bavarian Succession, and mounted several successful campaigns in the Rhineland in the initial years of the French Revolutionary Wars, he is probably most remembered for his unsuccessful operations against Napoleon Bonaparte during the 1796 campaign in Italy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Szczytna</span> Place in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, Poland

Szczytna is a town in Kłodzko County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It is the seat of the administrative district (gmina) called Gmina Szczytna, close to the Czech border.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Michael von Kienmayer</span>

Michael von Kienmayer was an Austrian general. Kienmayer joined the army of the Habsburg monarchy and fought against the Kingdom of Prussia and Ottoman Turkey. During the French Revolutionary Wars, he continued to make his reputation in the cavalry and became a general officer. In the War of the Second Coalition and the Napoleonic Wars he commanded both divisions and corps. He was appointed Proprietor (Inhaber) of an Austrian cavalry regiment in 1802 and held this honor until his death. Later he was the governor of Galicia, Transylvania, and Moravia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Johann Mészáros von Szoboszló</span> Habsburg general

Johann Mészáros von Szoboszló joined the Habsburg army in 1756 and fought the Prussians, Ottoman Turks, and French during a long military career. During the French Revolutionary Wars, he fought in several campaigns. He commanded a division in the 1796-1797 Italian campaign against the army of Napoleon Bonaparte. He was Proprietor (Inhaber) of an Austrian Uhlan regiment from 1792 to 1797 and a Hussar regiment from 1797 to 1801.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Johann von Klenau</span> Austrian General of Cavalry in Napoleonic Wars

Johann Josef Cajetan Graf von Klenau, Freiherr von Janowitz was a field marshal in the Habsburg army. Klenau, the son of a Bohemian noble, joined the Habsburg military as a teenager and fought in the War of Bavarian Succession against Prussia, Austria's wars with the Ottoman Empire, the French Revolutionary Wars, and the Napoleonic Wars, in which he commanded a corps in several important battles.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Karl Aloys zu Fürstenberg</span> Habsburg military commander (1760–1799)

Karl Aloys zu Fürstenberg was an Austrian military commander. He achieved the rank of Field Marshal and died at the Battle of Stockach.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Friedrich Freiherr von Hotze</span> Field Marshal, French Revolutionary Wars

Friedrich Freiherr (Baron) von Hotze, was a Swiss-born general in the Austrian army during the French Revolutionary Wars. He campaigned in the Rhineland during the War of the First Coalition and in Switzerland in the War of the Second Coalition, notably at Battle of Winterthur in late May 1799, and the First Battle of Zurich in early June 1799. He was killed at the Battle of Linth River.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Order of battle at the Battle of Stockach (1799)</span>

On 25 March 1799, French and Habsburg armies fought for control of the geographically strategic Hegau in present-day Baden-Württemberg. The battle has been called by various names: First Battle of Stockach, the Battle by Stockach, and, in French chronicles, the Battle of Liptingen.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Battle of Winterthur</span> 1799 battle of the French Revolutionary Wars

The Battle of Winterthur was an important action between elements of the Army of the Danube and elements of the Habsburg army, commanded by Friedrich Freiherr von Hotze, during the War of the Second Coalition, part of the French Revolutionary Wars. The small town of Winterthur lies 18 kilometers (11 mi) northeast of Zürich, in Switzerland. Because of its position at the junction of seven roads, the army that held the town controlled access to most of Switzerland and points crossing the Rhine into southern Germany. Although the forces involved were small, the ability of the Austrians to sustain their 11-hour assault on the French line resulted in the consolidation of three Austrian forces on the plateau north of Zürich, leading to the French defeat a few days later.

Oliver Remigius, Count von Wallis, Baron von Carrighmain, the scion of the distinguished Irish Walsh family in Habsburg military service, served in Austria's wars with the Ottoman Empire (1787–1791), and in the French Revolutionary Wars (1791–1800). He died of wounds received in action at the First Battle of Zürich.

A Proprietor, or Inhaber, was a term used in the Habsburg military to denote special honors extended to a noble or aristocrat. The Habsburg army was organized on principles developed for the feudal armies in which regiments were raised by a wealthy noble, called the Inhaber (proprietor) who also acted as honorary colonel. Originally, he raised the regiment, funded its needs, and received a portion of its revenue, which might be plunder or loot. He also shared in its shame or its honors. The Prussian and Imperial Russian military adopted a similar system. In the United Kingdom there is a similar honorary title called colonel-in-chief.

Johann Sigismund Graf von Riesch joined the army of Habsburg Austria as a cavalry officer and, during his career, fought against the Kingdom of Prussia, Ottoman Turkey, Revolutionary France, and Napoleon's French Empire. He became a general officer during the French Revolutionary Wars and held important commands during the War of the Second Coalition. He displayed a talent for leading cavalry formations, but proved less capable when given corps-sized commands. During the 1805 Ulm Campaign in the Napoleonic Wars, the French badly defeated his corps and forced it to surrender soon afterward. From 1806 to his death in 1821, he was the Proprietor (Inhaber) of an Austrian cavalry regiment.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ignác Gyulay</span> Hungarian general & statesman (1763–1831)

Count Ignác Gyulay de Marosnémeti et Nádaska, Ignácz Gyulay, Ignaz Gyulai was a Hungarian military officer, joined the army of the Habsburg monarchy, fought against Ottoman Turkey, and became a general officer during the French Revolutionary Wars. From 1806 he held the title of Ban of Croatia. In the struggle against the First French Empire during Napoleonic Wars, he commanded army corps. At the time of his death, he presided over the Hofkriegsrat, the Austrian Council of War.

Friedrich Karl Wilhelm, Fürst (prince) zu Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen was a general in the military service of the House of Habsburg during the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars. He was born in Ingelfingen, in southwest Germany, on 16 February 1752.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Johann Jakob von Wunsch</span> Prussian general

Johann Jakob von Wunsch (1717–1788) was soldier of fortune and Prussian general of infantry, and a particularly adept commander of light infantry. The son of a Württemberg furrier, he served in several armies in the course of his lengthy career.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Andreas O'Reilly von Ballinlough</span>

Andreas Graf O'Reilly von Ballinlough was an Irish-Austrian soldier and military commander of Irish origin. His military service extended through the Seven Years' War, War of the Bavarian Succession, Austro-Turkish War, French Revolutionary Wars, and Napoleonic Wars. He retired from the army in 1810 and died at age 89.

Ludwig Wolff de la Marselle or Ludwig Dominik Joseph Regis Wolff de la Marselle was a general in Habsburg Austrian service in the French Revolutionary Wars. He was born and died in Mons, Austrian Netherlands.

The 5th Hussar Regiment, or Count Radetzky's 5th Hussar Regiment, was set up as an Austrian-Habsburg cavalry association. The unit then existed in the Imperial and Royal or Common Army within the Austro-Hungarian Army until its dissolution in 1918. All names of the regiments were deleted in 1915 without replacement. From then on, the regiment was referred to as "Hussar Regiment No. 5". Despite this order, it was not easily maintained, as the name was printed on numerous legal documents and stamps still in circulation.

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.