The Fujifilm X-Trans is a sensor with a colour filter array arrangement developed by Fujifilm and used in its Fujifilm X series cameras. Unlike most sensors featuring a conventional Bayer filter array, X-Trans sensors have a unique 6 by 6 pattern of photosites. Fujifilm claims that this layout can minimise moiré effects, and in turn increase resolution by eliminating the need for a low-pass filter. [1]
Typical Bayer sensor arrays have RGB photosites in a repeated 2 by 2 pattern. When it overlaps with a regular pattern that is being captured, a new interference pattern can occur that does not exist in real life. In contrast, X-Trans sensors have a more irregular pattern of RGB photosites than conventional Bayer array sensors, [2] reducing the likelihood of interference and removing a need for a low-pass filter that lowers image resolution. [3]
Conventional Bayer sensors can also produce false colour as they do not have R and B photosites in some horizontal and vertical lines, Fujifilm claims that X-Trans sensors on the other hand have an improved colour reproduction due to all horizontal and vertical lines containing at least one R, G and B pixel out of every 6. [4]
Fuji claims that APS-C sized X-Trans sensors, while being physically smaller, have a greater perceived resolution than the number of pixels on the sensor and are said to be on par with some full frame sensors. [4]
While the first three generations of X-Trans sensors are front-illuminated, the fourth generation uses the principle of backside illumination. This improves noise levels and image quality. [5] [6]
Under certain conditions, cameras equipped with X-Trans II and III sensors can exhibit purple flare/grid artifacts in backlit photos. [7] This occurs due to the particular arrangement of the phase detection and masking layers on the sensor. The appearance of the effect can vary with the demosaicing algorithms in use.
In an interview with DPreview during the CP+ 2017 show in Yokohama, Japan Fujifilm confirmed that an X-Trans sensor array is to be used for its next generation of APS-C sized sensors, [8] whilst larger medium format sensors will continue using a conventional Bayer array because of the increased processing requirements of X-Trans filter arrangement.
 |
| Sensor Model | Number of effective pixels | Total number of pixels | Sensor type | Sensor size | First announcement date | Utilizing cameras |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| X-Trans [9] | 16.3 MP | 23.6 mm x 15.6 mm (APS-C) | 9 January 2012 [4] | Fujifilm X-Pro1 | ||
| X-Trans II [10] | 16.3 MP | 16.7 MP | 23.6 mm x 15.6 mm (APS-C) | 7 January 2013 [11] | Fujifilm X100S Fujifilm X-E2s | |
| 12 MP [12] | 14.5 MP [13] | 2/3-inch | 7 January 2013 [12] | Fujifilm X20 | ||
| X-Trans III [14] | 24.3 MP | 23.6 mm x 15.6 mm (APS-C) | 14 January 2016 [15] | Fujifilm X-Pro2 | ||
| X-Trans 4 [16] | 26.1 MP | BSI | 23.5 mm x 15.6 mm [17] (APS-C) | 20 September 2018 [16] | Fujifilm X-T3 | |
| X-Trans 5 HS [18] | 26.16 MP | BSI, Stacked | 23.6 mm x 15.6 mm (APS-C) | 31 May 2022 [19] | Fujifilm X-H2S | |
| X-Trans 5 HR [18] | 40 MP | BSI | 23.6 mm x 15.6 mm (APS-C) | 8 September 2022 [18] | Fujifilm X-T50 |
The Foveon X3 sensor is a digital camera image sensor designed by Foveon, Inc., and manufactured by Dongbu Electronics. It uses an array of photosites that consist of three vertically stacked photodiodes. Each of the three stacked photodiodes has a different spectral sensitivity, allowing it to respond differently to different wavelengths. The signals from the three photodiodes are then processed as additive color data that are transformed to a standard RGB color space. In the late 1970s, a similar color sensor having three stacked photo detectors at each pixel location, with different spectral responses due to the differential absorption of light by the semiconductor, had been developed and patented by Kodak.
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