Fumetti neri | |
---|---|
Subgenres | |
Crime, Horror, Erotica |
Fumetti neri (Italian for "black comics") is a subgenre of Italian comics, born in Italy with the creation of the Diabolik character (1962).
The "Fumetti neri" name comes from "cronaca nera", the Italian name for crime news. Among the inspirations of the genre were the film noir, the French feuilleton and Italian horror films. In a local market dominated by comics devoted to a young audience, the immediate commercial success of Diabolik revealed a niche of adult readers interested in adult and sometimes exploitive themes, characterized by violence and sex references. [1]
The heroes of fumetti neri were more anti-hero or villain than traditional heroes, and Diabolik himself was very loosely based on the French Fantômas character. The subsequent main characters in these comics were all inspired by Diabolik and often had a K in their names. They included Kriminal (a more violent version of Diabolik by Magnus and Max Bunker), Satanik (a female version of Diabolik by the same authors but with supernatural and horrific elements) and Sadik . [1]
The large success of this genre led in 1965 to public campaigns against them, and even to trials and judicial seizures. As a result, from 1966 some comics remarkably reduced violence and erotic situations, and tried to open themselves to a younger and wider audience, while others, the so-called "vietati ai minori" ("prohibited to minors") exploited their status, increasing the levels of sex, and sometimes becoming openly pornographic. [1] Examples of these more explicit comics are Vampirissimo, Jacula, Hessa, Terror, Messalina, Maghella, Oltretomba, Lucifera, Biancaneve, Vartan, Sukia, Jolanda de Almaviva, Yra, and Frankenstein. By contrast, the surreally erotic Valentina series created by Guido Crepax (in 1965), whose transgressively heroine sports an iconic bob hairstyle inspired by the American film actress and dancer Louise Brooks, as well as Crepax's own wife Luisa, can be seen as a cerebrally refined relative of the fumetti neri genre, which held a widespread appeal to intellectuals of the time. [2]
In France, these comics were published in digest size editions by the likes of Elvifrance. In the Netherlands vast amounts of the erotic comics were published by Schorpioen, Nooitgedacht and Vrijbuiter during the 70s and 80s.
It was in the scene set by the fumetti neri that auteur comics published in magazines such as linus (1965ff.), Il Sergente Kirk (July 1967 – December 1969), Eureka (November 1967 – November 1967), Il Mago (April 1972 – December 1980) and Frigidaire (December 1980ff.)—found a favorable ground for development in Italy in the mid-1960s. [3]
Maurilio Manara, known professionally as Milo Manara, is an Italian comic book writer and artist.
Italian comics, also known as fumetto, plural form fumetti, are comics that originate in Italy. The most popular Italian comics have been translated into many languages. The term fumetto refers to the distinctive word balloons that contain the dialogue in comics.
Valentina is an Italian comic strip series, created in 1965 by the Italian artist Guido Crepax and concluded in 1996.
Diabolik is an Italian comic series created by sisters Angela and Luciana Giussani.
Renzo Barbieri was an author and editor of Italian comics as well as the founder of the publishing house Edifumetto. In 1980 he wrote Il Manuale del Playboy, a textbook about where European playboys live, what cars they drive, and other lifestyle tips.
The catch-all term adult comics typically denotes comic books, comic magazines, comic strips or graphic novels that are marketed either mainly or strictly towards adult readers. This can be because they contain material that could be considered thematically inappropriate for children, including vulgarity, morally questionable actions, disturbing imagery, and sexually explicit material.
Kriminal is an Italian comics series featuring an eponymous fictional character, created in 1964 by Magnus and Max Bunker, the authors of Alan Ford, Maxmagnus and Satanik.
Danger: Diabolik is a 1968 action and crime film directed and co-written by Mario Bava, based on the Italian comic series Diabolik by Angela and Luciana Giussani. The film is about a criminal named Diabolik, who plans large-scale heists for his girlfriend Eva Kant. Diabolik is pursued by Inspector Ginko, who blackmails the gangster Ralph Valmont into catching Diabolik for him.
Rosalba Neri is a retired Italian actress.
Erotic comics are adult comics which focus substantially on nudity and sexual activity, either for their own sake or as a major story element. As such they are usually not permitted to be sold to legal minors. Like other genres of comics, they can consist of single panels, short comic strips, comic books, or graphic novels/albums. Although never a mainstream genre, they have existed as a niche alongside – but usually separate from – other genres of comics.
Neutron is an Italian comic book series and the name of the eponymous main character created in 1965 by Guido Crepax. The series eventually became Valentina.
Guido Crepas, better known by his pen name Guido Crepax, was an Italian comics artist. He is most famous for his character Valentina, created in 1965 and very representative of the spirit of the 1960s. The Valentina series of books and strips became noted for Crepax's sophisticated drawing, and for the psychedelic, dreamlike storylines, generally involving a strong dose of erotism. His work was often politically motivated too, inspired by his Communist convictions. A film based on his work called Baba Yaga, featuring the character Valentina, was made in 1973.
Magnus, pseudonym of Roberto Raviola, was an Italian comic book artist, recognized as one of the greatest Italian cartoonists.
Zora is an Italian comic book erotic character from the 1970s. Zora la Vampira is one of many such characters from the Italian fumetti tradition. Other figures from the same era, and with similarly violent or erotic preoccupations, include Maghella, Lucifera, Biancaneve, Vartan, Jacula, Sukia, and Yra.
Valentina is an Italian erotic thriller television series that originally aired on Italia 1 from September 29 to December 22, 1989. It is based on the Valentina comics series by Italian artist Guido Crepax. The series follows a Milanese photographer, Valentina Rosselli, and her investigations assisted by the antiquarian Phillip Rembrant, with whom she shares an ambiguous relationship.
Kriminal is a 1966 superhero film directed and written by Umberto Lenzi. The film is about a thief and murderer called Kriminal who escapes from a prison and is chased after by Inspector Milton. It was followed by a sequel, Il marchio di Kriminal.
Baba Yaga is a 1973 horror film directed by Corrado Farina based on the Guido Crepax Valentina comic series. The film stars Carroll Baker, Isabelle De Funès and George Eastman. The subject is Valentina Rosselli, a Milanese photographer, who meets a middle-aged seductress who inexplicably calls herself "Baba Yaga."
How to Kill 400 Duponts is a 1967 Italian comedy film directed by Steno. The main character of the film, Dorellik, is a parody of the comic series Diabolik. The character was created in the late 60s for several sketches on television.
Sadik is the title character of an Italian crime comic book series, published between 1965 and 1967.