G.E. Harvey (1889 - 1965) was a British diplomat,historian and professor,specializing in Burmese history. [1] Harvey obtained a bachelor of literature degree from University of Oxford in 1922. [1] His undergraduate thesis was published by Longman's in 1925. [1] He is best known for his seminal books on Burmese history,including History of Burma,which was published in 1925 and known for its Burmese chronicle perspective. [2]
Harvey became a lecturer in Burmese history and law at the University of Oxford from 1936 to 1942. [1] He was president of the Oxford University Anthropological Society in the 1940s. [3] After World War II,he retired in Oxford,and died in 1965. [1]
Anawrahta Minsaw was the founder of the Pagan Empire. Considered the father of the Burmese nation,Anawrahta turned a small principality in the dry zone of Upper Burma into the first Burmese Empire that formed the basis of modern-day Burma (Myanmar). Historically verifiable Burmese history begins with his accession to the Pagan throne in 1044.
The Battle of Pagan was fought in 1287 between the Yuan dynasty of China and the Pagan Kingdom of Burma. The invasion ended the Pagan Kingdom,which disintegrated into several small kingdoms.
Htin Aung was a writer and scholar of Burmese culture and history. Educated at Oxford and Cambridge,Htin Aung wrote several books on Burmese history and culture in both Burmese and English. His English-language works brought a much-needed Burmese perspective to the international study of Burmese history,previously written by British historians of the colonial era. His important works include A History of Burma,Folk Elements in Burmese Buddhism,Selections from Burmese Folk Tales,Thirty Burmese Tales and Burmese Drama.
Narapati Sithu was king of Pagan dynasty of Burma (Myanmar) from 1174 to 1211. He is considered the last important king of Pagan. His peaceful and prosperous reign gave rise to Burmese culture which finally emerged from the shadows of Mon and Pyu cultures. The Burman leadership of the kingdom was now unquestioned. The Pagan Empire reached its peak during his reign,and would decline gradually after his death.
Smim Htaw Buddhaketi was the first king of the Restored Kingdom of Hanthawaddy which overthrew Toungoo Dynasty's rule in Lower Burma. From 1740 to 1747,the ethnic Burman king was a nominal figurehead of the ethnic Mon rebellion. He was selected to be king by the leaders of the Mon insurrection for his royal lineage.
Kyansittha was king of Pagan dynasty of Burma (Myanmar) from 1084 to 1112/13,and is considered one of the greatest Burmese monarchs. He continued the social,economic and cultural reforms begun by his father,King Anawrahta. Pagan became an internationally recognized power during his 28-year reign. The Burmese language and culture continued to gain ground.
Naratheinkha was king of Pagan dynasty of Burma (Myanmar) from 1171 to 1174. He appointed his brother Narapati Sithu heir apparent and commander-in-chief. It was the first recorded instance in the history of the dynasty that the king had given up the command of the army. The king was assassinated by Aungzwa,one of Sithu's servants,after the king had raised one of Sithu's wives to queen.
Htilominlo was king of Pagan dynasty of Burma (Myanmar) from 1211 to 1235. His 24-year reign marked the beginning of the gradual decline of Pagan dynasty. It was the first to see the impact of over a century of continuous growth of tax-free religious wealth,which had greatly reduced the potential tax base. Htilominlo was the last of the temple builders although most of his temples were in remote lands not in the Pagan region,reflecting the deteriorating state of royal treasury.
Uzana was king of Pagan dynasty of Burma (Myanmar) from 1251 to 1256. He assumed the regnal name "ŚrīTribhuvanāditya Dhammarājajayasūra" (ၐြီတြိဘုဝနာဒိတျဓမ္မရာဇဇယသူရ).
The Myinsaing Kingdom was the kingdom that ruled central Burma (Myanmar) from 1297 to 1313. It was founded by three brothers from Myinsaing,and was one of many small kingdoms that emerged following the collapse of Pagan Empire in 1287. Myinsaing successfully fended off the second Mongol invasion in 1300–01,and went on to unify central Burma from Tagaung in the north to Prome (Pyay) in the south. The brothers' co-rule ended between 1310 and 1313,with the death of the two elder brothers. In 1315,the central Burmese state split into two rival states of Pinya and Sagaing. Central Burma would not be reunified until the rise of Ava five decades later.
Saw Hnit was a viceroy of Pagan (Bagan) from 1297 to 1325 under the suzerain of Myinsaing Kingdom in central Burma (Myanmar). He was a son of the Mongol vassal king Kyawswa,and a grandson of Narathihapate,the last sovereign king of Pagan dynasty. Saw Hnit succeeded as "king" after his father was forced to abdicate the throne by the three brothers of Myinsaing in December 1297.
Thihathu was a co-founder of the Myinsaing Kingdom,and the founder of the Pinya Kingdom in today's central Burma (Myanmar). Thihathu was the youngest and most ambitious of the three brothers that successfully defended central Burma from Mongol invasions in 1287 and in 1300–01. He and his brothers toppled the regime at Pagan in 1297,and co-ruled central Burma. After his eldest brother Athinkhaya's death in 1310,Thihathu pushed aside the middle brother Yazathingyan,and took over as the sole ruler of central Burma. His decision to designate his adopted son Uzana I heir-apparent caused his eldest biological son,Saw Yun to set up a rival power center in Sagaing in 1315. Although Saw Yun nominally remained loyal to his father,after Thihathu's death in 1325,the two houses of Myinsaing officially became rival kingdoms in central Burma.
Athinkhaya was a co-founder of Myinsaing Kingdom in present-day Central Burma (Myanmar). As a senior commander in the Royal Army of the Pagan Empire,he,along with his two younger brothers Yazathingyan and Thihathu,led Pagan's successful defense of central Burma against the Mongol invasions in 1287. Following the collapse of the Pagan Empire,the brothers became rivals of King Kyawswa of Pagan in central Burma,and overthrew him in December 1297,nine months after Kyawswa became a Mongol vassal. They successfully defended the second Mongol invasion (1300–01),and emerged the sole rulers of central Burma.
Yazathingyan was a co-founder of Myinsaing Kingdom in present-day Central Burma (Myanmar). As a senior commander in the Royal Army of the Pagan Empire,he,along with his two brothers Athinkhaya and Thihathu,led Pagan's successful defense of central Burma against the Mongol invasions in 1287. Following the collapse of the Pagan Empire,the brothers became rivals of King Kyawswa of Pagan in central Burma,and overthrew him in December 1297,nine months after Kyawswa became a Mongol vassal. They successfully defended the second Mongol invasion (1300–01),and emerged the sole rulers of central Burma.
The royal chronicles of Myanmar are detailed and continuous chronicles of the monarchy of Myanmar (Burma). The chronicles were written on different media such as parabaik paper,palm leaf,and stone;they were composed in different literary styles such as prose,verse,and chronograms. Palm-leaf manuscripts written in prose are those that are commonly referred to as the chronicles. Other royal records include administrative treatises and precedents,legal treatises and precedents,and censuses.
Hmannan Maha Yazawindawgyi is the first official chronicle of Konbaung Dynasty of Burma (Myanmar). It was compiled by the Royal Historical Commission between 1829 and 1832. The compilation was based on several existing chronicles and local histories,and the inscriptions collected on the orders of King Bodawpaya,as well as several types of poetry describing epics of kings. Although the compilers disputed some of the earlier accounts,they by and large retained the accounts given Maha Yazawin,the standard chronicle of Toungoo Dynasty.
The Early Pagan Kingdom was a city-state that existed in the first millennium CE before the emergence of the Pagan Empire in the mid 11th century. The Burmese chronicles state that the "kingdom" was founded in the second century CE. The seat of power of the small kingdom was first located at Arimaddana,Thiri Pyissaya,and Tampawaddy until 849 CE when it was moved to Pagan (Bagan).
The Journal of the Burma Research Society was an academic journal covering Burma studies that was published by the Burma Research Society between 1911 and 1980. When it began publication in 1911,the journal became the first peer-reviewed academic journal focused on Burma studies. Over the 69-year period,the journal published 59 volumes and 132 issues,including over 1,300 articles. It was published twice a year at the Rangoon University Estate in both English and Burmese.
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