Ronald Wilson Reagan was an American politician and actor who served as the 40th president of the United States from 1981 to 1989. A member of the Republican Party,his presidency constituted the Reagan era,and he is considered one of the most prominent conservative figures in American history.
A famine is a widespread scarcity of foodcaused by several possible factors,including,but not limited to war,natural disasters,crop failure,widespread poverty,an economic catastrophe or government policies. This phenomenon is usually accompanied or followed by regional malnutrition,starvation,epidemic,and increased mortality. Every inhabited continent in the world has experienced a period of famine throughout history. During the 19th and 20th century,Southeast and South Asia,as well as Eastern and Central Europe,suffered the greatest number of fatalities. Deaths caused by famine declined sharply beginning in the 1970s,with numbers falling further since 2000. Since 2010,Africa has been the most affected continent in the world by famine.
The Reagan Doctrine was stated by United States President Ronald Reagan in his State of the Union address on February 6,1985:"We must not break faith with those who are risking their lives—on every continent from Afghanistan to Nicaragua—to defy Soviet-supported aggression and secure rights which have been ours from birth." It was a strategy implemented by the Reagan Administration to overwhelm the global influence of the Soviet Union in the late Cold War. The doctrine was a centerpiece of United States foreign policy from the early 1980s until the end of the Cold War in 1991.
The history of the United States from 1980 until 1991 includes the last year of the Jimmy Carter presidency,eight years of the Ronald Reagan administration,and the first three years of the George H. W. Bush presidency,up to the collapse of the Soviet Union. Plagued by the Iran hostage crisis,runaway inflation,and mounting domestic opposition,Carter lost the 1980 United States presidential election to Republican Reagan.
William Eldridge Odom was a United States Army lieutenant general who served as Director of the National Security Agency under President Ronald Reagan,which culminated a 31-year career in military intelligence,mainly specializing in matters relating to the Soviet Union. After his retirement from the military,he became a think tank policy expert and a university professor and became known for his outspoken criticism of the Iraq War and warrantless wiretapping of American citizens. He died of an apparent heart attack at his vacation home in Lincoln,Vermont.
Ronald Reagan's tenure as the 40th president of the United States began with his first inauguration on January 20,1981,and ended on January 20,1989. Reagan,a Republican from California,took office following his landslide victory over Democrat incumbent president Jimmy Carter and independent congressman John B. Anderson in the 1980 presidential election. Four years later,in the 1984 presidential election,he defeated former Democratic vice president Walter Mondale,to win re-election in a larger landslide. Due to U.S. Constitutional law,Reagan was limited to two terms and was succeeded by his vice president,George H. W. Bush,who won the 1988 presidential election. Reagan's 1980 landslide election resulted from a dramatic conservative shift to the right in American politics,including a loss of confidence in liberal,New Deal,and Great Society programs and priorities that had dominated the national agenda since the 1930s.
The International Republican Institute (IRI) is an American nonprofit organization founded in 1983 and funded and supported by the United States federal government. Most of its board is drawn from the Republican Party. Its public mission is to advance freedom and democracy worldwide by helping political parties to become more issue-based and responsive,assisting citizens to participate in government planning,and working to increase the role of marginalized groups in the political process,including women and youth. It has been repeatedly accused of foreign interference and has been implicated in the 2004 Haitian coup d'état. It was initially known as the National Republican Institute for International Affairs.
Edward Joseph Perkins was an American career diplomat who served as U.S. Ambassador to Liberia,South Africa,the United Nations,and Australia. He also served as the director of the United States State Department's Diplomatic Corps.
Anatoly Fyodorovich Dobrynin was a Soviet statesman,diplomat,and politician. He was the Soviet ambassador to the United States for more than two decades,from 1962 to 1986.
The time period of around 1985–1991 marked the final period of the Cold War. It was characterized by systemic reform within the Soviet Union,the easing of geopolitical tensions between the Soviet-led bloc and the United States-led bloc,the collapse of the Soviet Union's influence in Eastern Europe,and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.
American foreign policy during the presidency of Ronald Reagan (1981–1989) focused heavily on the Cold War which shifted from détente to confrontation. The Reagan Administration pursued a policy of containment and rollback with regards to communist regimes. The Reagan Doctrine operationalized these goals as the United States offered financial,logistical,training,and military equipment to anti-communist opposition in Afghanistan,Angola,and Nicaragua. He expanded support to anti-communist movements in Central and Eastern Europe.
Jack Foust Matlock Jr. is an American former ambassador,career Foreign Service Officer,teacher,historian,and linguist. He was a specialist in Soviet affairs during some of the most tumultuous years of the Cold War,and served as the U.S. Ambassador to the Soviet Union from 1987 to 1991.
Francis Mading Deng is a politician and diplomat from South Sudan who served as the newly independent country's first ambassador to the United Nations from 2012 to July 2016.
David Adolph Korn was an American diplomat,former United States Ambassador to Togo,author,and foreign service officer. He was appointed to his ambassadorship position on October 16,1986,and left that post on April 4,1988.
Owen W. Roberts was an American diplomat who served as the United States Ambassador to Togo from June 28,1984,to July 5,1986.
Gaston Joseph Sigur Jr. was the United States Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs from 1986 to 1989.
Ray Steiner Cline was an official at the United States Central Intelligence Agency and is best known for being the chief CIA analyst during the Cuban Missile Crisis.
Morton Isaac Abramowitz is an American diplomat and former U.S. State Department official. Starting his overseas career in Taipei,Taiwan after joining the foreign service,he served as U.S. Ambassador to Thailand and Turkey and as the Assistant Secretary of State for Intelligence and Research. He retired from the State Department with the rank of Career Ambassador. He then became president of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace and founded the International Crisis Group.
James Richard Cheek was an American diplomat.
Donald K. Petterson is an American diplomat,and a career United States Foreign Service officer.
