A famine is a widespread scarcity of food caused by several possible factors,including,but not limited to war,natural disasters,crop failure,widespread poverty,an economic catastrophe or government policies. This phenomenon is usually accompanied or followed by regional malnutrition,starvation,epidemic,and increased mortality. Every inhabited continent in the world has experienced a period of famine throughout history. During the 19th and 20th century,Southeast and South Asia,as well as Eastern and Central Europe,suffered the greatest number of fatalities. Deaths caused by famine declined sharply beginning in the 1970s,with numbers falling further since 2000. Since 2010,Africa has been the most affected continent in the world by famine.
The International Republican Institute (IRI) is an American nonprofit organization founded in 1983 and funded and supported by the United States federal government. Most of its board is drawn from the Republican Party. Its public mission is to advance freedom and democracy worldwide by helping political parties to become more issue-based and responsive,assisting citizens to participate in government planning,and working to increase the role of marginalized groups in the political process,including women and youth. It has been repeatedly accused of foreign interference and has been implicated in the 2004 Haitian coup d'état. It was initially known as the National Republican Institute for International Affairs.
The Libyan–Sudanese relations refers to the long historical relations between Libya and Sudan,both are Arab countries.
Jack Foust Matlock Jr. is an American former ambassador,career Foreign Service Officer,teacher,historian,and linguist. He was a specialist in Soviet affairs during some of the most tumultuous years of the Cold War,and served as the U.S. Ambassador to the Soviet Union from 1987 to 1991.
Francis Mading Deng is a politician and diplomat from South Sudan who served as the newly independent country's first ambassador to the United Nations from 2012 to July 2016.
Bismarck Myrick is a former U.S. Ambassador to the Republic of Liberia (1999–2002) and Lesotho (1995–1998). He is a career member of the Senior Foreign Service and a decorated Vietnam War hero. He represented the U.S. at the swearing in of South Africa's first democratic parliament,led by Nelson Mandela. The Kingdom of Lesotho conferred on him the Kingdom's highest honor to a non-citizen. Liberia's major newspapers and civil society organizations named him "Diplomat of the Year" or "Man of the Year" for three consecutive years. The City Council appointed him Goodwill Ambassador for Goree Island,Senegal in 2008. Portsmouth named two streets in his honor in 2001 and selected him as a 2006 "Portsmouth Notable" –the city's highest honor. He is featured in the March,2013 edition of "The Citizen of Chesapeake" Newspaper. Active in community service,he is on a number of boards,such as the World Affairs Council.
Princeton Nathan Lyman was a diplomat and former United States Ambassador to Nigeria (1986–89) and South Africa (1992–95),and former Assistant Secretary of State for International Organization Affairs (1996–98). He was a member of the American Academy of Diplomacy and the Aspen Institute,and was Adjunct Senior Fellow for Africa Policy Studies with the Council on Foreign Relations.
David Adolph Korn was an American diplomat,former United States Ambassador to Togo,author,and foreign service officer. He was appointed to his ambassadorship position on October 16,1986,and left that post on April 4,1988.
Doru Romulus Costea is best known as President of the United Nations Human Rights Council. Costea served as president from 19 June 2007 to 18 June 2008. His main task was to initiate the Universal Periodic Review of the human rights records of the then 192 member states of the United Nations.
Timothy Michael Carney is a retired American diplomat and consultant. Carney served as a career Foreign Service Officer for 32 years,with assignments that included Vietnam and Cambodia as well as Lesotho and South Africa before being appointed as ambassador to Sudan and later in Haiti. Carney served with a number of U.N. Peacekeeping Missions,and until recently led the Haiti Democracy Project,an initiative launched under the presidency of George W. Bush to build stronger institutional foundations for the country's long-term relationship with the United States.
In international politics,food power is the use of agriculture as a means of political control whereby one nation or group of nations offers or withholds commodities from another nation or group of nations in order to manipulate behavior. Its potential use as a weapon was recognised after OPEC’s earlier use of oil as a political weapon. Food has a major influence on political actions of a nation. In response to acts of food power,a nation usually acts in the interest of its citizens to provide food.
Ray Steiner Cline was an official at the United States Central Intelligence Agency and is best known for being the chief CIA analyst during the Cuban Missile Crisis.
Morton Isaac Abramowitz is an American diplomat and former U.S. State Department official. Starting his overseas career in Taipei,Taiwan after joining the foreign service,he served as U.S. Ambassador to Thailand and Turkey and as the Assistant Secretary of State for Intelligence and Research. He retired from the State Department with the rank of Career Ambassador. He then became president of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace and founded the International Crisis Group.
James Richard Cheek was an American diplomat.
Peter Tomsen is an American retired diplomat and educator,serving as U.S. Special Envoy to Afghanistan from 1989 to 1992,United States Ambassador to Armenia between 1995 and 1998,and was Deputy Ambassador at the United States Embassy in Beijing from 1986 to 1989. Ambassador Tomsen’s thirty-two year diplomatic career emphasized South and Central Asia,Northeast Asia and the former Soviet Union.
Harry George Barnes Jr. was an American diplomat,known for his role in ending the government of Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet. A former Foreign Service Officer who served as US ambassador to Romania,India,and Chile,Barnes also occupied the post of Director General of the Foreign Service at the Department of State between December 22,1977,and February 8,1981. Elliott Abrams,the United States assistant secretary of state for inter-American affairs,once called Barnes "a world-class ambassador."
Andrew James Nathan is a professor of political science at Columbia University. He specializes in Chinese politics,foreign policy,human rights and political culture. Nathan attended Harvard University,where he earned a B.A. in history,an M.A. in East Asian studies,and a Ph.D. in political science. He has taught at Columbia University since 1971,and currently serves as the chair of the steering committee for the Center for the Study of Human Rights. His previous appointments include as the chair of the Department of Political Science (2003–2006),and chair of the Weatherhead East Asian Institute (1991–1995).
Francisco "Paco" Palmieri is an American diplomat who previously served as Acting Assistant Secretary of State for Western Hemisphere Affairs,leading the State Department’s efforts to advance U.S. foreign policy goals in the region from January 2017 to November 2018. Palmieri managed the successful 2018 Summit of the Americas in Peru,U.S. engagement with the Lima Group unifying 15 Western Hemisphere democracies in a multilateral diplomatic response to the crisis in Venezuela,the reorientation of U.S. foreign assistance in support of the Colombia peace process,the formulation and adoption of a new comprehensive U.S. political and economic Caribbean 2020 strategy,the launch of the renegotiation of the 50-year old Columbia River Treaty with Canada,and the multi-agency response to the ongoing migration challenges emanating from Central America. He also was responsible for the daily management of the Bureau’s 53 overseas U.S. diplomatic missions,12,000 employees,and implementation of the Hemisphere’s $1.58 billion foreign assistance and $290 million operating budgets. He recently served as the Civilian Deputy and Foreign Policy Advisor to Admiral Craig S. Faller at United States Southern Command,succeeding former Ambassador Jean Elizabeth Manes in July 2021.
Richard Townsend Davies was an American diplomat who served as the United States Ambassador to Poland from 1973 to 1978.
Donald K. Petterson is an American diplomat,and a career United States Foreign Service officer.
