 | This article is an autobiography or has been extensively edited by the subject or by someone connected to the subject.(December 2018) |
Gabor Tamas Herman is a Hungarian-American professor of computer science. He is Emiritas Professor of Computer Science at The Graduate Center, City University of New York (CUNY) where he was Distinguished Professor until 2017. He is known for his work on computerized tomography. He is a fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).
Herman studied mathematics at the University of London, receiving his B.Sc. in 1963 and M.Sc. in 1964. In 1966, he received his M.S. in electrical engineering from the University of California, Berkeley, and in 1968 his Ph.D. in mathematics from the University of London. [1]
In 1969, Herman joined the department of computer science at Buffalo State College as an assistant professor. He became an associate professor in 1970 and a full professor in 1974. In 1976, he formed the Medical Image Processing Group. [2] In 1980, he published the first edition of Reconstruction from Projections, his textbook on computerized tomography. [3]
Herman moved the Medical Image Processing Group to the University of Pennsylvania in 1981. [2] He was a professor in the radiology department from 1981 to 2000. [1] In 1991 he was elected fellow of the IEEE. The citation reads: "For contributions to medical imagine, particularly in the theory and development of techniques for the reconstruction and display of computed tomographic images". [4] In 1997 he was elected fellow of the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering. The citation reads: "For development implementation and evaluation of methods of reconstruction and 3D display of human organs based on transmitted or emitted radiation." [5]
In 2001 Herman joined the faculty of CUNY as Distinguished Professor in the department of computer science, [6] holding that position until his retirement in 2017. [1] The second edition of his computerized tomography textbook, now titled Fundamentals of Computerized Tomography, was published in 2009. [7]
Together with Frank Natterer, he initiated in 1980 the series of conferences on "Mathematical Methods in Tomography“ [8] at the Mathematical Research Institute of Oberwolfach, Germany. During 1992-4 he was the Editor-in-Chief of the IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging.
In recent years he has been involved with research on the superiorization methodology. [9]
His books include
Herman is married to artist Marilyn Kirsch. [14]
Raoul Bott was a Hungarian-American mathematician known for numerous basic contributions to geometry in its broad sense. He is best known for his Bott periodicity theorem, the Morse–Bott functions which he used in this context, and the Borel–Bott–Weil theorem.
Ronald Newbold Bracewell AO was the Lewis M. Terman Professor of Electrical Engineering of the Space, Telecommunications, and Radioscience Laboratory at Stanford University.
Tomography is imaging by sections or sectioning that uses any kind of penetrating wave. The method is used in radiology, archaeology, biology, atmospheric science, geophysics, oceanography, plasma physics, materials science, astrophysics, quantum information, and other areas of science. The word tomography is derived from Ancient Greek τόμος tomos, "slice, section" and γράφω graphō, "to write" or, in this context as well, "to describe." A device used in tomography is called a tomograph, while the image produced is a tomogram.
In mathematics, the Radon transform is the integral transform which takes a function f defined on the plane to a function Rf defined on the (two-dimensional) space of lines in the plane, whose value at a particular line is equal to the line integral of the function over that line. The transform was introduced in 1917 by Johann Radon, who also provided a formula for the inverse transform. Radon further included formulas for the transform in three dimensions, in which the integral is taken over planes. It was later generalized to higher-dimensional Euclidean spaces and more broadly in the context of integral geometry. The complex analogue of the Radon transform is known as the Penrose transform. The Radon transform is widely applicable to tomography, the creation of an image from the projection data associated with cross-sectional scans of an object.
Tomographic reconstruction is a type of multidimensional inverse problem where the challenge is to yield an estimate of a specific system from a finite number of projections. The mathematical basis for tomographic imaging was laid down by Johann Radon. A notable example of applications is the reconstruction of computed tomography (CT) where cross-sectional images of patients are obtained in non-invasive manner. Recent developments have seen the Radon transform and its inverse used for tasks related to realistic object insertion required for testing and evaluating computed tomography use in airport security.
Iterative reconstruction refers to iterative algorithms used to reconstruct 2D and 3D images in certain imaging techniques. For example, in computed tomography an image must be reconstructed from projections of an object. Here, iterative reconstruction techniques are usually a better, but computationally more expensive alternative to the common filtered back projection (FBP) method, which directly calculates the image in a single reconstruction step. In recent research works, scientists have shown that extremely fast computations and massive parallelism is possible for iterative reconstruction, which makes iterative reconstruction practical for commercialization.
Lawrence Alan Shepp was an American mathematician, specializing in statistics and computational tomography.
Digital topology deals with properties and features of two-dimensional (2D) or three-dimensional (3D) digital images that correspond to topological properties or topological features of objects.
Discrete tomography focuses on the problem of reconstruction of binary images from a small number of their projections.
The algebraic reconstruction technique (ART) is an iterative reconstruction technique used in computed tomography. It reconstructs an image from a series of angular projections. Gordon, Bender and Herman first showed its use in image reconstruction; whereas the method is known as Kaczmarz method in numerical linear algebra.
Zang-Hee Cho, Ph.D., is a Korean neuroscientist who developed the first Ring-PET scanner and the scintillation detector BGO. More recently, Cho developed the first PET-MRI fusion molecular imaging device for neuro-molecular imaging.
The Mojette Transform is an application of discrete geometry. More specifically, it is a discrete and exact version of the Radon transform, thus a projection operator.
Murad Taqqu is an Iraqi probabilist and statistician specializing in time series and stochastic processes. His research areas have included long-range dependence, self-similar processes, and heavy tails. He is a Professor of Mathematics at Boston University and received his Ph.D. from Columbia University. He has published over 250 papers, many of which are considered seminal work. He has co-authored or co-edited 9 books.
Richard "Dick" Gordon is an American theoretical biologist. He was born in Brooklyn, New York, the eldest son of Jack Gordon, a salesman and American handball champion, and artist Diana Gordon. He is married to retired scientist Natalie K Björklund with whom he co-wrote his second book and several academic publications. He has three sons, Leland, Bryson and Chason Gordon and three stepchildren Justin, Alan and Lana Hunstad. Gordon was a professor at the University of Manitoba in Winnipeg, Manitoba from 1978 to 2011. He is retired and currently volunteers as a scientist for the Gulf Specimen Marine Laboratory in Panacea, Florida where he winters, and he holds an adjunct position in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Wayne State University. Gordon lives in Alonsa, Manitoba, Canada.
Frank Natterer is a German mathematician. He was born in Wangen im Allgäu, Germany. Natterer pioneered and shaped the field of mathematical methods in imaging including computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasonic imaging).
Superiorization is an iterative method for constrained optimization. It is used for improving the efficacy of an iterative method whose convergence is resilient to certain kinds of perturbations. Such perturbations are designed to "force" the perturbed algorithm to produce more useful results for the intended application than the ones that are produced by the original iterative algorithm. The perturbed algorithm is called the superiorized version of the original unperturbed algorithm. If the original algorithm is computationally efficient and useful in terms of the target application and if the perturbations are inexpensive to calculate, the method may be used to steer iterates without additional computation cost.
The history of X-ray computed tomography dates back to at least 1917 with the mathematical theory of the Radon transform In October 1963, William H. Oldendorf received a U.S. patent for a "radiant energy apparatus for investigating selected areas of interior objects obscured by dense material". The first clinical CT scan was performed in 1971 using a scanner invented by Sir Godfrey Hounsfield.
Henri Antoine Gillet is a European-American mathematician, specializing in arithmetic geometry and algebraic geometry.
Michael Kapovich is a Russian-American mathematician.
Peter Francis Cecil Gilbert is an English neuroscientist and biophysicist. He is known for his pioneering work on motor learning in the cerebellum.
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