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Robert Bruce Spencer is an American anti-Muslim author and blogger, and one of the key figures of the counter-jihad movement. Spencer founded and has directed the blog Jihad Watch since 2003. In 2010 he co-founded the organization Stop Islamization of America with Pamela Geller.
The English Defence League (EDL) was a far-right, Islamophobic organisation active in England from 2009 until the mid-late 2010s. A social movement and pressure group that employed street demonstrations as its main tactic, the EDL presented itself as a single-issue movement opposed to Islamism and Islamic extremism, although its rhetoric and actions targeted Islam and Muslims more widely.
Stop Islamisation of Europe (SIOE) is a pan-European counter-jihad organisation with the stated goal of "preventing Islam from becoming a dominant political force in Europe". It is a political interest group which has been active in Denmark and has conducted anti-Islamic protests in the United Kingdom. The group originated out of the joining of the Danish group Stop Islamisation of Denmark with English anti-Islam activists.
The Al-Fourqaan mosque is a Salafi Islamic mosque in which is part of Al-fourqaan Islamic Center in Eindhoven, Netherlands, established in the 1990s.
Stephen Christopher Yaxley-Lennon, better known as Tommy Robinson, is a British anti-Islam campaigner and one of the UK's most prominent far-right activists. Since 28 October 2024, he has been serving an 18-month prison sentence for contempt of court.
Counter-jihad, also known as the counter-jihad movement, is a self-titled political current loosely consisting of anti-Muslim authors, bloggers, think tanks, street movements and so on linked by beliefs that view Islam not as a religion but as an ideology that constitutes an existential threat to Western civilization. Consequently, counter-jihadists consider all Muslims as a potential threat, especially when they are already living within Western boundaries. Western Muslims accordingly are portrayed as a "fifth column", collectively seeking to destabilize Western nations' identity and values for the benefit of an international Islamic movement intent on the establishment of a caliphate in Western countries. The counter-jihad movement has been variously described as anti-Islamic, Islamophobic, inciting hatred against Muslims, and far-right. Influential figures in the movement include the bloggers Pamela Geller and Robert Spencer in the US, and Geert Wilders and Tommy Robinson in Europe.
Stop Islamisation of Denmarkda is a Danish anti-Islam organisation founded in 2005. The group was founded by Anders Gravers Pedersen who began the development of the activist part of the counter-jihad movement.
The Q Society of Australia Inc. was a far-right, anti-Islam and homophobic organisation that opposed Muslim immigration and the presence of Muslims in Australian society. Q Society described itself as "Australia's leading Islam-critical organisation" and stated that its purpose was to fight against the "Islamisation of Australia". The Q Society was so named because it was founded at a meeting in the Melbourne suburb of Kew in 2010.
Liberty Great Britain or Liberty GB was a minor far-right British nationalist political party founded and led by Paul Weston that described itself as "counter-jihad".
Patriotic Europeans Against the Islamisation of the West, abbreviated Pegida, is a German, anti-Islam, far-right extremist political movement. Pegida believes that Germany is being increasingly Islamicised.
Islamophobia in Australia is distrust and hostility towards Muslims, Islam, and those perceived as following the religion. This social aversion and bias is often facilitated and perpetuated in the media through the stereotyping of Muslims as violent and uncivilised. Various Australian politicians and political commentators have capitalised on these negative stereotypes and this has contributed to the marginalisation, discrimination and exclusion of the Muslim community.
Lutz Bachmann is the founder and leader of the Pegida movement, a far-right German political organisation linked to the anti-Muslim counter-jihad ideology. As leader of Pegida, Bachmann has led marches of tens of thousands of people against Muslim immigration. Bachmann has a long history of criminal convictions, and was banned from entering the United Kingdom in 2018.
Paul Golding is a British political leader who has served as the leader of Britain First, a far-right political party in the United Kingdom. He grew up in Erith.
Pegida UK was an anti-Islam group in the United Kingdom established by Tommy Robinson in 2016. It was named after the German group Pegida – Patriotische Europäer gegen die Islamisierung des Abendlandes.
Anne Marie Dorothy Waters is a far-right politician and activist in the United Kingdom. She founded and led the anti-Islam party For Britain until its dissolution in 2022. She is also the director of Sharia Watch UK, an organisation launched in April 2014. In January 2016, Waters launched Pegida UK in conjunction with activist Tommy Robinson and far-right politician Paul Weston.
René Stadtkewitz is a German former politician. A former local Berlin state representative for the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) and anti-Islam activist, he co-founded the German Freedom Party in 2010, which he led until 2013. He has later been deputy chairman of the Citizens' Movement Pax Europa.
Michael Stürzenberger is a German counter-jihad activist, blogger and critic of Islam. He was the leader of the German Freedom Party from 2013 to 2016, and has been active for many years with his public speaking and protests against Islam with groups such as the Citizens' Movement Pax Europa and Pegida. He has been convicted of several criminal offences, including incitement to hatred. He is an active YouTuber and contributor to the blog Politically Incorrect, and was observed by the Bavarian Office for the Protection of the Constitution for anti-constitutional extremism from 2013 until 2022.
Erick Stakelbeck is an American author, and television host and presenter of The Watchman on TBN and The Watchman Newscast on YouTube. As a Christian Zionist, the show is sponsored by Christians United for Israel, Stakelbeck being the director of its Watchman Project. Stakelbeck has also been noted as an investigative reporter and author on radical Islam, and is TBN's news director.
For Frihedda is a Danish organisation that supports free speech, and opposes what it sees as Islamisation and fundamentalist Islam in Denmark. The organisation was originally part of the Pegida movement, and is part of the broader counter-jihad movement.
Nicolai Sennels is a Danish psychologist who founded Pegida Denmark in 2015. Sennels has for several years prior been noted for his views on Muslims and crime, including the assertion that inbreeding over several centuries has damaged the Muslim gene pool and that Muslims are raised to exert aggressive behaviour.
References
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- ↑ Kerbaj, Richard; Henry, Robin (13 January 2013). "'Mosque buster' lawyer gives free advice on how to block worship" . The Sunday Times. Archived from the original on 20 August 2023.
- ↑ Johnson, Spike (23 February 2012). "Mosquebusters". Foreign Policy. Archived from the original on 3 August 2023.
- 1 2 Safi, Michael (23 June 2014). "UK 'mosque-buster' advising Bendigo residents opposed to Islamic centre". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 20 August 2023.
- 1 2 Bateman, Jessica (24 July 2023). "The fight-back against anti-mosque campaigners". Hyphen. Archived from the original on 21 August 2023.
- ↑ Haddow, Joshua (19 April 2012). "Hate the Thought of Muslims Being Near You? Call Mosquebusters". Vice News. Archived from the original on 14 January 2025.
- ↑ Weich, Ben (24 October 2017). "Tempers flare at Islamic centre meeting". The Jewish Chronicle. Archived from the original on 20 August 2023.
- ↑ "Anti-mosque lawyer speaks in Ottawa despite protests". CBC News. 4 February 2013. Archived from the original on 20 August 2023.
- ↑ Stakelbeck, Erick (11 December 2012). "Stakelbeck on Terror Show: Mega-Mosque Madness". CBN News. Archived from the original on 20 August 2023.
- 1 2 Jamin, Jérome (2016). L'extrême droite en Europe. Bruylant. ISBN 9782802755548.
- ↑ Lowles, Nick (July 2015). The Muhammad Cartoons: The Counter-Jihadist Plot To Ignite A Civil War In Britain. Hope not hate (Report). p. 20. Archived from the original on 28 February 2023 – via Issuu.
- ↑ Lazaridis, Gabriella; Campani, Giovanna (2016). Understanding the Populist Shift: Othering in a Europe in Crisis. Taylor & Francis. p. 150. ISBN 9781317326069.
- ↑ Vorländer, Hans; Herold, Maik; Schäller, Steven (2018). PEGIDA and New Right-Wing Populism in Germany. Springer. p. 67. ISBN 9783319674957.
- ↑ Ruus, Torsten; Bachmann, Ulrik (6 February 2016). "Ondt blod i København: Kamphaner strides på ord". Ekstra Bladet (in Danish). Archived from the original on 7 May 2023.