Sukarno was an Indonesian politician who was the first president of Indonesia, serving from 1945 to 1967.
Suharto was an Indonesian military leader and politician who served as the second president of Indonesia, holding the office for 31 years, from the ousting of Sukarno in 1967 until his resignation in 1998. He was widely regarded by foreign observers as a dictator. However, the legacy of his 31-year rule, and his US$ 38 billion net worth is still debated at home and abroad.
General of the Army (Ret.) Abdul Haris Nasution was an Indonesian army general. Born into a Batak Muslim family in the North Sumateran village of Hutapungkut, in what was then the Dutch East Indies, he studied teaching and enrolled at a military academy in Bandung. After Sukarno declared Indonesia's independence on 17 August 1945, Nasution joined the fledgling Indonesian armed forces which was fighting the Indonesian National Revolution against the Dutch. The following year he was appointed commander of the Siliwangi Division, the guerrilla unit opreating in West Java. After the country's internationally recognised independence in 1949, Nasution was appointed Chief of Staff of the army. He remained in post being suspended in 1952 following a failed show of force against the president. He was reappointed Chief of Staff in 1955. In 1965 there was a coup attempt by the 30 September Movement. Nasution's house was attacked, and his daughter killed, but he managed to escape scaling a wall and hiding in the Iraqi ambassador's residence.
General of the Army, was the highest rank of the Indonesian Army. Within the Indonesian Armed Forces ranking system, it was the equivalent of admiral of the fleet and marshal of the air force. Those ranks were honorary and did not provide additional authority or responsibility.
Indonesia's transition to the New Order in the mid-1960s, ousted the country's first president, Sukarno, after 22 years in the position. One of the most tumultuous periods in the country's modern history, it was the commencement of Suharto's 31-year presidency.
The Thirtieth of September Movement was a self-proclaimed organization of Indonesian National Armed Forces members who, in the early hours of 1 October 1965, assassinated six Indonesian Army generals in an abortive coup d'état, resulting in the unofficial but more accurate name of Gestok, for Gerakan Satu Oktober, or First of October Movement. Later that morning, the organisation declared that it was in control of media and communication outlets and had taken President Sukarno under its protection. By the end of the day, the coup attempt had failed in Jakarta. Meanwhile, in central Java there was an attempt to take control over an army division and several cities. By the time this rebellion was put down, two more senior officers were dead.
Guided Democracy was the political system in place in Indonesia from 1957 until the New Order began in 1966. It was the brainchild of President Sukarno, and was an attempt to bring about political stability. Sukarno believed that parliamentarian system implemented during the liberal democracy period was ineffective due to Indonesia's divisive political situation at that time. Instead, he sought a system based on the traditional village system of discussion and consensus, which occurred under the guidance of village elders. With the introduction of this system, Indonesia returned to the presidential system and Sukarno became the head of government again.
Pierre Andries Tendean was a victim of the 30th September Movement (G30S) and is an Indonesian national hero.
General Ahmad Yani was the commander of the Indonesian Army, and was killed by members of the 30 September Movement during an attempt to kidnap him from his house.
The Jayakarta Military Regional Command is the military district of the Indonesian Army which oversees the Greater Jakarta area. It is tasked for territorial army duties, specifically for defense to the capital city region of Indonesia.
The National Main Heroes Cemetery in Kalibata (Indonesian: Taman Makam Pahlawan Nasional Utama, Kalibata, colloquially known as Kalibata Heroes Cemetery is a military cemetery in Kalibata, South Jakarta, Indonesia. It was built in 1953 and opened on 10 November 1954. Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie is the first Indonesian President to be buried on the cemetery when he died on 11 September 2019. Former Indonesian foreign minister Agus Salim, who died 6 days before the cemetery was opened, was the first state leader buried on the cemetery.[[ There were also 121 corpses moved from Heroes Cemetery in Ancol.
The Third Working Cabinet,, was an Indonesian cabinet that resulted from a 6 March 1962 reshuffle of the previous cabinet by President Sukarno. It consisted of a prime minister, two first deputy ministers, eight deputy prime ministers and 36 ministers as well as 13 members who headed government bodies. It was dissolved on 13 November 1963.
The Dwikora Cabinet,, was the 21st Indonesian cabinet. President Sukarno reshuffled the previous cabinet on 27 August 1964 to produce a cabinet better able to implement the government policy he had announced in his Independence Day speech entitled "the Year of Living Dangerously". The cabinet was appointed on 2 September and served for a year and five months before being reshuffled on 21 February 1966.
The Sasmita Loka Ahmad Yani Museum houses a collection from Ahmad Yani and some dioramas about the G-30-S/PKI, 30 September 1965. The museum is located in jalan Lembang 58 or jalan Laturharhari 65, Central Jakarta, Indonesia. The museum is open free to public from Tuesday until Sunday, from 08:00 WIB until 14:00 WIB.
The Satriamandala Museum is the main museum for the Indonesian Armed Forces. Opened on 5 October 1972, it is located on 5.6 hectares of land in South Jakarta and holds numerous artefacts, weapons, and vehicles.
Brigadier General Raden Panji Nugroho Notosusanto was an Indonesian short story writer turned military historian who served as professor of history at the University of Indonesia. Born to a noble family in Central Java, he exhibited a high degree of nationalism from a young age. During the Indonesian National Revolution from 1945 to 1949 he saw active service as a member of the Student Army, working reconnaissance. Despite wanting to remain in the military, under influence by his father he continued his education, eventually enrolling in the faculty of literature at the University of Indonesia. During the 1950s he wrote extensively and was active in numerous political and academic groups, finally graduating with a degree in history in 1958.
Admiral Raden Eddy Martadinata was an Indonesian Navy admiral and diplomat. He was conferred the title of "National Hero of Indonesia" posthumously in 1966. He is recognised as one of the founders of the Indonesian Navy.
Major General Pranoto Reksosamodra was an Indonesian Army general who was briefly army chief of staff and was detained for 15 years without trial for alleged involvement in the 30 September Movement coup attempt.
The 17 October affair on 17 October 1952 was a show of force event where elements of the Indonesian Army, led by Chief of Staff Abdul Haris Nasution and Armed Forces Commander Tahi Bonar Simatupang, surrounded the Merdeka Palace to demand President Sukarno disband the Provisional People's Representative Council.
Wiluyo Puspoyudo was an Indonesian military figure and politician who became the deputy speaker of the People's Consultative Assembly from 1960 until 1966, and as the acting Speaker of the People's Consultative Assembly in 1966.
