George Fox Digged out of his Burrowes

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George Fox Digged out of his Burrowes (George Fox Digg'd out of his Burrowes or an offer of Disputation on fourteen Proposals made this last Summer of 1672 unto G. Fox then present on Rode-Island in New England) is a book written by Rhode Island founder and Reformed Baptist theologian Roger Williams in 1676. The book discusses the debate regarding traditional Protestant Christianity and Quakerism with its different belief in the "inner light," which Williams considered heretical. [1]

Rhode Island State of the United States of America

Rhode Island, officially the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, is a state in the New England region of the United States. It is the smallest state in area, the seventh least populous, and the second most densely populated, but it has the longest official name of any state. Rhode Island is bordered by Connecticut to the west, Massachusetts to the north and east, and the Atlantic Ocean to the south via Rhode Island Sound and Block Island Sound. It also shares a small maritime border with New York. Providence is the state capital and most populous city in Rhode Island.

In 1672, Roger Williams (at age 68) rowed alone, all night, from Providence to Newport to debate prominent Quakers William Edmondson, John Stubbs (c.1618–1675), and John Burnyeat at nine the next morning. Williams initially wanted to debate the famous English Quaker George Fox, but Fox left Rhode Island without answering Williams' letter inviting him to a debate. In response to Williams' request, the Quakers agreed to debate him for three days in Newport and one day in Providence. Williams' account of the debates was printed in Boston by John Foster in 1676. [2] [3] [4] [5]

John Stubbs (c.1618–1675) was an itinerant English Quaker minister and author who engaged in a well-known debate with Roger Williams in Rhode Island.

John Burnyeat was a British Quaker.

George Fox English Dissenter and founder of the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers)

George Fox was an English Dissenter, who was a founder of the Religious Society of Friends, commonly known as the Quakers or Friends. The son of a Leicestershire weaver, he lived in times of social upheaval and war. He rebelled against the religious and political authorities by proposing an unusual, uncompromising approach to the Christian faith. He travelled throughout Britain as a dissenting preacher, often being persecuted by the disapproving authorities. In 1669, he married Margaret Fell, widow of a wealthy supporter, Thomas Fell; she was a leading Friend. His ministry expanded and he made tours of North America and the Low Countries. He was arrested and jailed numerous times for his beliefs. He spent his final decade working in London to organize the expanding Quaker movement. Despite disdain from some Anglicans and Puritans, he was viewed with respect by the Quaker convert William Penn and the Lord Protector, Oliver Cromwell.

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John Wanton Rhode Island colonial governor

John Wanton was a governor of the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, serving for six consecutive terms from 1734 to 1740. He was the son of Edward Wanton who was a ship builder, and who became a Quaker after witnessing the persecution of these people, also becoming a preacher of that religion. Edward Wanton had lived in York, Maine; Boston, Massachusetts; and Scituate, Massachusetts before coming to Rhode Island.

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<i>Portrait of a Clergyman</i> (de Ville) painting by Guilliam de Ville (ca. 1614-1672) dated 1639

Portrait of a Clergyman — sometimes called Portrait of a 17th Century Clergyman or The Unknown Clergyman — is an oil on canvas portrait painting by Guilliam de Ville dated 1639. The identity of the subject, an elderly clergyman, is unknown. It is owned by the Redwood Library and Athenaeum, Newport, Rhode Island, USA, where it hangs.

References

  1. ↑ Camp, Leon R. (1963). "Roger Williams vs. 'The Upstarts:' The Rhode Island Debates of 1672". Quaker History. Friends Historical Association. 52 (2): 69–76. JSTOR   41946414.
  2. ↑ George Fox Digg'd out of his Burrowes or an offer of Disputation on fourteen Proposals made this last Summer of 1672 unto G. Fox then present on Rode-Island in New England, printed in Boston by John Foster 1676.
  3. ↑ Calamandrei, Mauro (1952). "Neglected Aspects of Roger Williams' Thought". Church History. 21 (3): 239–258. doi:10.2307/3162173.
  4. ↑ Lovejoy, David S. (1993). "Roger Williams and George Fox: The Arrogance of Self-Righteousness". The New England Quarterly. 66 (2): 199–225. doi:10.2307/365844. JSTOR   365844.
  5. ↑ Lowenherz, Robert J. (1959). "Roger Williams and the Great Quaker Debate". American Quarterly. The Johns Hopkins University Press. 11 (2, Part 1): 157–165. doi:10.2307/2710672. JSTOR   2710672.
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