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Somalia,officially the Federal Republic of Somalia and formerly known as the Somali Democratic Republic,is a country located in the Horn of Africa. The country was an important centre for commerce with the rest of the ancient world,and according to most scholars,it is among the most probable locations of the fabled ancient Land of Punt. During the Middle Ages,several powerful Somali states and port towns dominated the regional trade,the Mogadishu Sultanate and Ajuran Sultanate both centered around the port town Mogadishu,but also the port towns of Barawe and Merca.
Italian East Africa was an Italian colony in the Horn of Africa. It was formed in 1936 after the Second Italo-Ethiopian War through the merger of Italian Somalia,Italian Eritrea,and the newly occupied Ethiopian Empire.
British Somaliland,officially the Somaliland Protectorate,was a crown colony and protectorate of the United Kingdom in modern Somaliland. During its existence,the territory was bordered by Italian Somalia,French Somali Coast and Abyssinia. From 1940 to 1941,it was occupied by the Italians and was part of Italian East Africa.
Obock is a small port town in Djibouti. It is located on the northern shore of the Gulf of Tadjoura,where it opens out into the Gulf of Aden. The town is home to an airstrip and has ferries to Djibouti City. The French form Obock derives from Arabic "Oboh",deformation of Oboki,a name given to the Wadi Dar'i in its middle part,upstream of its coastal delta.
Italian Somaliland was a protectorate and later colony of the Kingdom of Italy in present-day Somalia. Ruled in the 19th century by the Somali Sultanates of Hobyo and Majeerteen in the north,and in the south by political entities such as the Hiraab Imamate and Geledi Sultanate.
Greater Somalia is a concept to unite all ethnic Somalis comprising the regions in or near the Horn of Africa in which ethnic Somalis live and have historically inhabited. The territory historically encompassed British Jubaland Province,British Somaliland,Italian Somaliland,parts of French Somaliland,the Somali Region in Ethiopia,the Northern Frontier District in Kenya,and the intra-46th meridian east territories. At the present,it encompasses Somalia proper,Jubaland,southern and eastern Djibouti,the Somali Region and Dire Dawa in Ethiopia,and the Garissa,Wajir and Mandera Counties in Kenya.
The Somaliland campaign,also called the Anglo-Somali War or the Dervish War,was a series of military expeditions that took place between 1900 and 1920 in modern-day Somalia. The British were assisted in their offensives by the Ethiopian Empire and the Kingdom of Italy.
The Somaliland Camel Corps (SCC) was a Rayid unit of the British Army based in British Somaliland. It lasted from the early 20th century until 1944.
The Trust Territory of Somaliland,officially the "Trust Territory of Somaliland under Italian administration",was a United Nations Trust Territory situated in present-day Somalia. Its capital was Mogadishu and was administered by Italy from 1950 to 1960,following the dissolution of the former British Military Administration. It gained independence in 1960.
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Oltre Giuba or Trans-Juba was an Italian colony in the territory of Jubaland in present-day southern Somalia. It lasted from 1924 until 1926,when it was absorbed into Italian Somaliland. Trans-juba is the former name of Jubaland,a federal member state of Somalia.
The Italian colonial empire,also known as the Italian Empire between 1936 and 1941,was founded in Africa in the 19th century and it comprised the colonies,protectorates,concessions and dependencies of the Kingdom of Italy. In Africa,the colonial empire included the territories of present-day Libya,Eritrea,Somalia and Ethiopia;outside Africa,Italy possessed the Dodecanese Islands,Albania and had some concessions in China,including in Tianjin.
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The Royal Corps of Somali Colonial Troops was the colonial body of the Royal Italian Army based in Italian Somaliland,in present-day northeastern,central and southern Somalia.
Somali nationality law is regulated by the Constitution of Somalia,as amended;the Somali Citizenship Law,and its revisions;and various international agreements to which the country is a signatory. These laws determine who is,or is eligible to be,a national of Somalia. The legal means to acquire nationality,formal legal membership in a nation,differ from the domestic relationship of rights and obligations between a national and the nation,known as citizenship. Nationality describes the relationship of an individual to the nation under international law,whereas citizenship is the domestic relationship of an individual and the state. Somali nationality is typically obtained under the principle of jus soli,i.e. by birth in Somalia,or jus sanguinis,born to parents with Somali nationality. It can be granted to persons with an affiliation to the country,or to a permanent resident who has lived in the country for a given period of time through grant (naturalization).
References
- ↑ The International Who's Who. 1974. ISBN 9780900362729.
- ↑ Palumbo, Patrizia. A Place in the Sun Africa in Italian Colonial Culture from Post-Unification to the Present. University of California Press, 2003.
- ↑ Samatar, Abdi Ismail. Africa's First Democrats: Somalia's Aden A. Osman and Abdirazak H. Hussen. Indiana University Press, 2016.
