Global Trade Exchange

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Global Trade Exchange (GTX) as presented by Northrop Grumman, at a U.S. Government-sponsored Trade and Investment Seminar, Amman, Jordan, 2008 Gtx cover.jpg
Global Trade Exchange (GTX) as presented by Northrop Grumman, at a U.S. Government-sponsored Trade and Investment Seminar, Amman, Jordan, 2008

The Global Trade Exchange (GTX) is, or was, a controversial Homeland Security intelligence project, [2] related to maritime-ports data-mining, being one of three pillars of the Safe Ports Act-related Secure Freight Initiatives. The Global Trade Exchange idea originated in 2004 from the Department of Homeland Security Intelligence and Analysis office, and between 2007-2008 was avidly promoted by the U.S. intelligence community, yet in March 2008 was suddenly placed in an "on hold" status. Described as a ready-to-buy, commercially available database, [3] the GTX was rush-funded by Congress as part of and championed relentlessly by then-United States Secretary of Homeland Security Michael Chertoff in evident disregard of objections of confused and frustrated U.S. private sector trade groups. The Global Trade Exchange was discussed in October 2007 in the House Homeland Security Meeting on Maritime Terrorism and the "Safe Ports Act". In the October 30, 2007 House Homeland Security Meeting on Maritime Terrorism meeting, Customs Commissioner Thomas Winkowski reported to House Representative Henry Cuellar that the Global Trade Exchange was a "data warehouse" about which a "series of meetings have been held", and that "our lawyers are trying to get our arms around it". [4] [5]

Contents

After a year-long spate of official support, media hype, and after award of Congressional funding of $13 million, the GTX was put "on hold for further study by the [U.S.] Navy " on April 2, 2008., [6] for reasons still yet to-be explained. Touted by senior U.S. officials and Congress in 2007 as an anti-terrorism database for tracking long-haul shipping containers, the Global Trade Exchange's principal focus appears to have a different focus, notably advance trade-finance information for market-making purposes.

DHS Intelligence Trade Data Project

Jon D. Glassman, former State Department Official, currently Vice President for Government Affairs at Northrop Grumman, forwarded the Global Trade Exchange in the Asia-Pacific and Middle-East regions Jon D. Glassman, U.S. State Dept Officer.jpg
Jon D. Glassman, former State Department Official, currently Vice President for Government Affairs at Northrop Grumman, forwarded the Global Trade Exchange in the Asia-Pacific and Middle-East regions

In Spring of 2007 DHS Secretary Michael Chertoff began to actively promote the Global Trade Exchange to the media and trade community as a commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) database, able to provide unique and vital national security protection from 'all hazards' threats, [7] Senior DHS Customs officials, described the GTX as a repository of corporate data, and transportation shipping data. Congress noted the GTX description as a COTS tool and placed it into the July 2007 Homeland Security Appropriations budget bill; this done above the vociferous objections of the U.S. private sector. Three major U.S. trade consortia rendered written and spoken testimony to Congress, expressing concerns about the sudden arrival of this new tool, the secrecy surrounding it, as well as posing questions as to why the U.S. Government would be sharing collected corporate data with foreign governments, such as Secretary Chertoff described.

Financial Services Data Warehouse. The early version of the Global Trade Exchange, presented at APEC seminar, Chile 2004 Finserclearingports.jpg
Financial Services Data Warehouse. The early version of the Global Trade Exchange, presented at APEC seminar, Chile 2004
ISPS Financial Services Data Warehouse for APEC Meeting 2004, Chile "ISPS Financial Services Data Warehouse for APEC Meeting 2004, Chile".pdf
ISPS Financial Services Data Warehouse for APEC Meeting 2004, Chile

GTX was championed by former State Department official Jon D. Glassman [9] most famous for having drafted the White Paper on El Salvador and for serving as Chargé des Affairs in the U.S. Embassy in Afghanistan during CIA operations to support the Mujahadeen. Between 2004–2007, Mr. Glassman championed the Global Trade Exchange at various APEC counter-terrorism meetings and intergovernmental meetings in the Middle East, as a means of foregoing U.S. Congressional requirements for 100 per cent scanning of shipping containers.

As early as 2004, Ambassador Glassman proposed, at various APEC counter-terrorism seminars, the Global Trade Exchange as an unregulated financial exchange using port-shipping manifest data, i.e. as a Northrop Grumman-led Financial Services Data Warehouse. [9] A relationship to stock-trading was clear, but the relationship to counter-terrorism not. Many U.S. financial services sector presented this kind of tool for hedge-fund risk management. [10]

2007: DHS Secretary Chertoff spearheads project

Michael Chertoff spearheaded the Global Trade Exchange as a DHS joint project with the DOD and ODNI Michael Chertoff, official DHS photo portrait, 2007.jpg
Michael Chertoff spearheaded the Global Trade Exchange as a DHS joint project with the DOD and ODNI

Although never fully explained in terms of content, the Global Trade Exchange was noted as being one of the three pillars of the U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) strategy for trade data-gathering. [11]

Global Trade Exchange (GTX) was touted as a valuable DHS intelligence project [12] which was "OTS" (off the shelf) and ready to acquire from a private-sector company in cooperation with foreign governments; [13] data was to have been obtained on a voluntary basis by companies. On July 26, 2007 Senator Patty Murray added the GTX to the Department of Homeland Security Appropriations budget, by adding Amendment (S.2499) to another bill of Senator Robert Byrd and Senator Thad Cochran [14] into H.R. 2638.

Controversy about secrecy

CBP Ahern presented the Global Trade Exchange at a Maritime Security Expo, November 2007. Jayson P. Ahern, Acting Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection.jpg
CBP Ahern presented the Global Trade Exchange at a Maritime Security Expo, November 2007.

U.S. trade groups expressed strong displeasure at the sudden implementation of the new project, as well as with the general lack of transparency, public interaction, and disclosure about GTX. [16] [17] [18] These groups found the lack of information regarding justification for, and modalities such as were related to, data-sharing with foreign governments, particularly disturbing.

These U.S. trade groups provided formal complaints and testimony to various Federal agencies, as well as various Congressional Committees and Subcommittees. These communications noted concerns that they didn't know the business-reporting sources of data nor what the data were; these groups were normally very involved with such definitions. [19] [20] Also, DHS mentions of using the GTX to share private sector data with foreign governments caused US industry risible worries about business data confidentiality. [21] In December 2007, a request for quote [22] and statement of work [23] were put forth by the DHS.

Congressional funding awarded in July 2007

Despite the controversy, Global Trade Exchange was allocated $13 million [24] as part of the DHS section of the 2008 Consolidated Appropriations Budget, in January 2008. Northrop Grumman presented the GTX in late February [25] as part of wider DOD supply-chain "GEX" data-warehousing projects. [26]

"U.S. Attorneys involved in appropriating the database in October 2007

On 30 October 2007, Deputy Commissioner of Customs Thomas S. Winkowski testified to Rep. Henry Cuellar that U.S. Attorneys were still trying to "go around the legal challenges that [the U.S. government] had in obtaining the database and that Customs was "Still trying to get our arms around" the Global Trade Exchange, so that they could "know what's inside it". [27]

Discussed by the Senate Finance Committee in March 2008

On March 13, 2008, the Global Trade Exchange was discussed in the Senate Finance Committee, as part of the data-gathering program framework of the Homeland Security Department. [28] The topic was presented by Mr. Sam Banks, Executive Vice President of Sandler and Travis Trade Advisory Services, the firm which won the no-bid award for the GTX in January 2008. [29] Sandler, Travis and Rosenberg is a customs law and international trade consultancy firm known for management of the IBERC database used under the GATT textiles agreement, the Multifibre arrangement (MFA). [30] [31]

Global Trade Exchange project

Sam Banks, a former Deputy Commissioner, U.S. Customs Authority working for U.S. trade law firm Sandler, Travis and Rosenberg. forwarded the Global Trade Exchange Sam Banks (former Customs Commissioner - acting).jpg
Sam Banks, a former Deputy Commissioner, U.S. Customs Authority working for U.S. trade law firm Sandler, Travis and Rosenberg. forwarded the Global Trade Exchange

Despite that the GTX was, in principle, a ready-to-purchase database of corporate data which was collected, the actual content of the global trade exchange was never fully presented to either the media nor to U.S. trade groups. Clues to the premise of the project can be found in the GTX statement of work, [33] provided in the 2008 request for quote, [22] released to a small select group of companies, in December 2008.

The commercial transaction data was to have been run by a private company information broker performing the following functions:

Global Trade Exchange (GTX) as presented by Northrop Grumman, at a U.S. Government-sponsored Trade and Investment Seminar, Amman, Jordan, 2008 Gtx warehs.jpg
Global Trade Exchange (GTX) as presented by Northrop Grumman, at a U.S. Government-sponsored Trade and Investment Seminar, Amman, Jordan, 2008

March 2008: GTX on hold for further study

Three weeks after public presentations at U.S. trade conferences, and two months after funding was awarded by Congress, DHS customs official Jayon Ahern announced publicly that the project was premature, and would be delayed for further study.; [34] [35] it remained delayed as from Basham's departure, yet is again part of the 2009 DHS appropriations budget [36] and remains under study for future implementation. [37] In the U.S. House, House Homeland Security Appropriations Chairman David Price (D-NC) has repeatedly expressed wishes for results on the project. [37] As late as May 1, 2009 Commissioner Ahern was providing explanations to Congressman David Price about the DHS ongoing pursuit to find the commercially available COTS database.

Global Trade Exchange (GTX) as presented by Northrop Grumman, at a U.S. Government-sponsored Trade and Investment Seminar, Amman, Jordan, 2008 Gtx finmod.jpg
Global Trade Exchange (GTX) as presented by Northrop Grumman, at a U.S. Government-sponsored Trade and Investment Seminar, Amman, Jordan, 2008

See also

Related Research Articles

Homeland security is an American national security term for "the national effort to ensure a homeland that is safe, secure, and resilient against terrorism and other hazards where American interests, aspirations, and ways of life can thrive" to the "national effort to prevent terrorist attacks within the United States, reduce the vulnerability of the U.S. to terrorism, and minimize the damage from attacks that do occur." According to an official work published by the Congressional Research Service in 2013, the "Homeland security" term's definition has varied over time.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">United States Department of Homeland Security</span> United States federal executive department

The United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS) is the U.S. federal executive department responsible for public security, roughly comparable to the interior or home ministries of other countries. Its stated missions involve anti-terrorism, border security, immigration and customs, cyber security, and disaster prevention and management.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Office of Biometric Identity Management</span>

United States Visitor and Immigrant Status Indicator Technology is a U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) management system. The system involves the collection and analysis of biometric data, which are checked against a database to track individuals deemed by the United States to be terrorists, criminals, and illegal immigrants. US-VISIT is accessed by 30,000 users from federal, state, and local government agencies. Upon Presidential approval of the 2013 Continuing resolution the US-VISIT program officially became the Office of Biometric Identity Management (OBIM), save for portions of the agency which performed overstay analysis being transferred into U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement and biometric Entry and Exit operations which became a part of U.S. Customs and Border Protection.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Container Security Initiative</span> Security program

The Container Security Initiative (CSI) a.k.a. the 24-Hour Rule was launched in 2002 by the U.S. Bureau of Customs and Border Protection (CBP), an agency of the Department of Homeland Security. Its purpose was to increase security for container cargo shipped to the United States. As the CBP puts it, the intent is to "extend [the] zone of security outward so that American borders are the last line of defense, not the first."

<span class="mw-page-title-main">U.S. Customs and Border Protection</span> American federal law enforcement agency

United States Customs and Border Protection (CBP) is the largest federal law enforcement agency of the United States Department of Homeland Security. It is the country's primary border control organization, charged with regulating and facilitating international trade, collecting import duties, as well as enforcing U.S. regulations, including trade, customs and immigration. CBP is one of the largest law enforcement agencies in the United States. It has a workforce of more than 45,600 federal agents and officers. It is headquartered in Washington, D.C.

Supply chain security activities aim to enhance the security of the supply chain or value chain, the transport and logistics systems for the world's cargo and to "facilitate legitimate trade". Their objective is to combine traditional practices of supply-chain management with the security requirements driven by threats such as terrorism, piracy, and theft. A healthy and robust supply chain absent from security threats requires safeguarding against disturbances at all levels such as facilities, information flow, transportation of goods, and so on. A secure supply chain is critical for organizational performance.

The Customs-Trade Partnership Against Terrorism (C-TPAT) is a voluntary supply-chain security program led by U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) focused on improving the security of private companies' supply chains with respect to terrorism. The program was launched in November 2001 with seven initial participants, all large U.S. companies. As of December 1, 2014, the program had 10,854 members. The 4,315 importers in the program account for approximately 54% of the value of all merchandise imported into the U.S.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jayson P. Ahern</span> American politician

Jayson P. Ahern is the former Acting Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection from February 2009 to March 2010. He was Assistant Commissioner for Field Operations from March 2003 to August 2007. He managed an operating budget of $2.2 billion and directs the activities of more than 25,000 employees, including more than 19,000 CBP Officers and Agriculture Specialists, and oversees the programs and operations at 20 Field Operations offices, 317 ports of entry and 14 preclearance stations in Canada and the Caribbean. He was responsible for Immigration Policy and Programs that includes all immigration issues related to the admission and exclusion of aliens as well as the Agricultural Inspection at all Ports of Entry to protect the health of U.S. plant and animal resources and the facilitation of their movement in the global market place.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">CBP Air and Marine Operations</span> Law enforcement agency

Air and Marine Operations (AMO) is a federal law enforcement component within U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP), an agency of the United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS). AMO's mission is to protect the American people and nation's critical infrastructure through the coordinated use of air and marine assets to detect, interdict and prevent acts of terrorism and the unlawful movement of people, illegal drugs, and other contraband toward or across the borders of the United States. Air and Marine Operations Agents and Officers are endowed with the authority to enforce Title 8 and Title 19 (Customs) of the United States Code in addition to the general law enforcement powers bestowed upon federal law enforcement agents.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">W. Ralph Basham</span> American Secret Service agent

William Ralph Basham Jr. is an American law enforcement official who served as commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection, director of the United States Secret Service, director of the Federal Law Enforcement Training Centers, and chief of staff of the Transportation Security Administration.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Port security</span> Security of commerce ports

Port security is part of a broader definition concerning maritime security. It refers to the defense, law and treaty enforcement, and Counterterrorism activities that fall within the port and maritime domain. It includes the protection of the seaports themselves and the protection and inspection of the cargo moving through the ports. Security risks related to ports often focus on either the physical security of the port, or security risks within the maritime supply chain.

The Automated Targeting System (ATS) is a United States Department of Homeland Security computerized system that, for every person who crosses U.S. borders, scrutinizes a large volume of data related to that person, and then automatically assigns a rating for which the expectation is that it helps gauge whether this person may be placed within a risk group of terrorists or other criminals. Similarly ATS analyzes data related to container cargo.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">United States House Homeland Security Subcommittee on Border Security and Enforcement</span>

The Homeland Security Subcommittee on Border Security and Enforcement is a subcommittee within the House Homeland Security Committee. The Subcommittee focuses on: border and port security in the northern and southern land, air, and maritime domains; international aspects of border security; DHS policies and operations facilitating lawful trade and travel; CBP staffing and resource allocations at and between air, land, and sea ports of entry; and ICE and USCIS border security activities. Subcommittee maintains oversight of U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP), Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), and U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS).

SBInet, the Secure Border Initiative Network, was a program initiated in 2006 for a new integrated system of personnel, infrastructure, technology, and rapid response to secure the northern and southern land borders of the United States. It was a part of Secure Border Initiative (SBI), an overarching program of the United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to organize the four operating components of border security: U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP), U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, United States Citizenship and Immigration Services, and the United States Coast Guard. DHS announced the program's cancellation on Jan. 14, 2011.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Domestic Nuclear Detection Office</span>

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In the United States, border security includes the protection of ports, airports, and the country's 3,017-mile (4,855 km) land border with Canada and 1,933-mile (3,111 km) border with Mexico.

The Secure Freight Initiative (SFI) is a Department of Homeland Security (DHS) program and part of the SAFE Port Act of 2006. It uses non-intrusive Inspection (NII) and radiation detection technology. It also gathers data to measure trade activity for risk-management and protection of United States international trade. The Secure Freight Initiative builds on the current partnership between the Container Security Initiative (CSI) and the Department of Energy's Megaports Initiative.

The Importer Security Filing (ISF) also referred to as 10+2, is a customs import requirement of the United States Customs and Border Protection (CBP) ; which requires containerized cargo information, for security purposes, to be transmitted to the agency at least 24 hours (19 CFR section 149.2 before goods are loaded onto an ocean vessel headed to the U.S. for shipment into the U.S. 10+2 is pursuant to section 203 of the SAFE Port Act, and requires importers to provide 10 data elements to CBP, as well as 2 more data documents from the carrier.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Act, 2014</span> Proposed United States Law

The Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Act, 2014 is an appropriations bill that was introduced into the United States House of Representatives during the 113th United States Congress. The bill would appropriate money to various government agencies related to the United States Department of Homeland Security. This funding would be used during fiscal year 2014, which ends September 30, 2014. The United States House Committee on Appropriations recommended "$38,993,000,000 in discretionary funding for the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) for fiscal year 2014, $34,885,000, or .09 percent, below the amount requested and $613,205,000, or 1.55 percent, below fiscal year 2013 enacted levels."

<span class="mw-page-title-main">United States Customs and Border Protection Authorization Act</span>

The United States Customs and Border Protection Authorization Act is a bill that would authorize the Customs and Border Protection (CBP) and its mission and direct the CBP in the United States Department of Homeland Security to establish standard procedures for addressing complaints made against CBP employees and to enhance training for CBP officers and agents.

References

  1. 1 2 3 "Dennis.Dalton.NG.pdf".
  2. ↑ "Archived copy". www.cbp.gov. Archived from the original on 12 May 2009. Retrieved 12 January 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  3. ↑ CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, July 26, 2007 - Issue: Vol. 153, No. 121 — Daily Edition 110th Congress (2007 - 2008) "SA 2499. Mrs. MURRAY submitted an amendment intended to be proposed to amendment SA 2383 proposed by Mr. Byrd (for himself and Mr. Cochran) to the bill H.R. 2638, making appropriations for the Department of Homeland Security for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2008, and for other purposes; as follows: On page 69, after line 24, insert the following: Sec. 536. (a) The amount appropriated by title II for necessary expenses for the U.S. Customs and Border Protection for enforcement of laws relating to border security, immigration, customs, and agricultural inspections under the heading ``salaries and expenses is increased by $30,000,000 to procure commercially available technology in order to expand and improve the risk-based approach of the Department of Homeland Security to target and inspect cargo containers under the Secure Freight Initiative and the Global Trade Exchange. (b) The amount appropriated by title IV under the heading ``systems acquisition is reduced by $30,000,000."
  4. ↑ GTX mentioned at 1:14 of CSPAN video Recording of October 2007 in the House Homeland Security Meeting on Maritime Terrorism
  5. ↑ The SAFE Port Act: Status of Implementation One Year Later : Hearing Before the U.S. Congress House Committee on Homeland Security. Subcommittee on Border, Maritime, and Global CounterterrorismOctober 2007 in the House Homeland Security Meeting on Maritime Terrorism
  6. ↑ Global Trade Exchange RIP Buried deep within extensive testimony given by U.S. Customs and Border Protection Deputy Commissioner Jay Ahern on April 2 before the House Homeland Security Appropriations Subcommittee was a brief announcement that CBP has decided not to pursue the Global Trade Exchange cargo shipping risk assessment program. GTX, previously known as the Secure Freight Initiative before that name began being used to describe overseas scanning programs, had ended up being the Spruce Goose of cargo security – oversold and too big a concept for liftoff. Knowing that there was extensive information about cargo shipments that is not normally supplied to U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP), former DHS Deputy Secretary Michael Jackson began pushing the concept of private sector information vetting engine in the fall of 2005. ... GTX hit its high point when it received a mention in the FY08 Omnibus appropriations bill and CBP was allowed to use some part of $13M to move forward on the initiative. But just weeks later, Jackson announced his resignation and would-be integrators were unable to convince importers to surrender priceless commercial data to help a vendor make a credible proposal. The procurement wheel continued to spin briefly with a RFQ issued in December 2007, but Ahern’s testimony put a sharp and decisive end to the program. Only time will tell if Jackson’s GTX was truly ahead of its time, or an unnecessary distraction from an effective CBP effort to secure our inbound cargo.
  7. ↑ "Archived copy". www.cbp.gov. Archived from the original on 17 October 2009. Retrieved 12 January 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  8. ↑ "APEC_NorthrupG_GTX_04_star_ms_004.pdf".
  9. 1 2 "APEC_NorthrupG_GTX_04_star_ms_004.pdf".
  10. ↑ "GlobalSupplyChain_and_Financial_Services_GBI.pdf".
  11. ↑ "Trade Facilitation, Strategy Discussed in DC - CBP.gov". www.cbp.gov. Archived from the original on 21 October 2012. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
  12. ↑ "Remarks by W. Ralph Basham 2007 Trade Symposium - CBP.gov". www.cbp.gov. Archived from the original on 8 March 2010. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
  13. ↑ https://www.hsdl.org/?view&did=29200 [ bare URL PDF ]
  14. ↑ "Congressional Record - 110th Congress (2007-2008) - THOMAS (Library of Congress)".[ permanent dead link ]
  15. ↑ "U.S. Maritime Security Expo – November 27-28, 2007".U.S. MARITIME SECURITY EXPO November 27–28, 2007 KEYNOTE, Jayson Ahern Moderator: Peter Tirschwell, Vice President and Editor-in-Chief, The Journal of Commerce Jayson Ahern, Deputy Commissioner, U.S. Customs and Border Protection, DHS
  16. ↑ Joint Industry Group Chair, Mary Alexander (August 2, 2007). "Joint Industry Group comments regarding Global Trade Exchange - FINAL, Letter to Michael Chertoff, Secretary of the Department of Homeland Security, cc: Jackson, Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security, DHS Stewart Baker, Assistant Secretary for Policy, DHS Alfonso Martinez-Fonts, Assistant Secretary for Private Sector, DHS W. Ralph Basham, Commissioner, US Customs and Border Protection Bennie G. Thompson, Chairman, House of Representatives Committee on Homeland Security Joseph Lieberman, Chairman, Senate Committee on Homeland Security & Governmental Affairs Carlos M. Gutierrez, Secretary, US Department of Commerce Susan C. Schwab, Ambassador, US Trade Representative" (PDF). No. Joint Industry Group Opposition to Global Trade Exchange. The Joint Industry Group * 1620 I Street * 6 th Floor * Washington, DC 20006 * Tel: 1-202-466-5490 * Fax: 1-202-463-8498. The Joint Industry Group * 1620 I Street * 6 th Floor * Washington, DC 20006 * Tel: 1-202-466-5490 * Fax: 1-202-463-8498. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-26. Retrieved December 24, 2020.
  17. ↑ Northcott, Hal (August 2, 2007). "Global Trade Exchange: Request for Information, Letter to Michael Chertoff from the American Association of Exporters and Importers". No. Concerns about Global Trade Exchange and secrecy. the American Association of Exporters and Importers. the American Association of Exporters and Importers. Archived from the original on 2014-03-11. Retrieved December 24, 2020.
  18. ↑ "Archived copy" (PDF). www.worldshipping.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 July 2008. Retrieved 12 January 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  19. ↑ "A & A Contract Customs Brokers - Headline News : News article". Archived from the original on 2010-11-19. Retrieved 2009-02-17.
  20. ↑ Muoio, Mary Jo (August 2, 2007). "President's Report by Mary Jo Muoio (2007 NCBFAA Annual Report)". National Customs Brokers and Forwarders Association of America. Retrieved December 24, 2007.
  21. ↑ "Archived copy" (PDF). www.apl.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 May 2008. Retrieved 22 May 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  22. 1 2 https://web.archive.org/web/20110722120322/https://www.hlswatch.com/sitedocs/gtx-pilot-request-for-quotations.jpg [ bare URL image file ]
  23. ↑ "gtx_statement_of_work.pdf".
  24. ↑ Root. "Homeland Security Watch » Search Results » gtx".
  25. ↑ "Dennis.Dalton.NG.pdf".
  26. ↑ "Division A--Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2008".
  27. ↑ Testimony of Thomas S. Winkowski before the House Appropritions Committee
  28. ↑ "The United States Senate Committee on Finance". Senator GRASSLEY. Also for you, Customs and Border Protection recently issued a request for quotation for a program known as the Global Trade Exchange. Do you have any concerns with respect to the proposed program? Can you identify any benefits with respect to the proposed program? What types of challenges would importers face if such a program were made mandatory? Mr. BANKS. I think most of industry objects to this Global Trade Exchange. They are concerned about, nobody knows exactly what it is. Second, industry is very concerned about their proprietary trade data being shared with a privately owned and operated company. My personal view is, if this program were to be developed as kind of a prototype, a test bed, on a voluntary basis for participants, I do not know that it would not be a good thing, to find out, can you get more data, can you help with security, and can you actually provide these benefits to industry as a result of it? But if you ask most of industry, they are going to do thumbs down on that concept.
  29. ↑ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on October 6, 2011. Retrieved October 6, 2011.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
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  31. ↑ "The IBERC Group, Sandler, Travis & Rosenberg, P.A. Launches 2005 IBERC Diagnostic Program for Apparel Importers". 26 March 2006. Archived from the original on March 26, 2006.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  32. ↑ "STR & STTAS International Trade and Customs: International Trade and Customs".
  33. ↑ "Archived copy" (PDF). www.strtrade.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 October 2011. Retrieved 12 January 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  34. ↑ Reidy, Stefan (4 April 2008). "Global Cargo Monitoring / Cargo Tracking / Supply Chain Intelligence: US CBP suspends GTX Program".Asenior U.S. Customs and Border Protection official said this week that CBP has suspended its plans to develop a global trade exchange system that would have expanded the amount of trade data collected by the agency. In his prepared testimony for an April 3 hearing of the House Appropriations Subcommittee on Homeland Security, Deputy Commissioner Jay Ahern also recommended that 100 percent scanning of U.S.-bound maritime cargo containers be limited to high-risk trade lanes. Ahern discussed the progress CBP has made in implementing its various supply chain security programs, but he pointed out that these efforts are focused on the ocean environment and that there are other areas that need to be addressed as well. Ahern told the committee that after considering comments from the trade community CBP has concluded that “further consideration of the GTX concept is premature at this time and may not be a prudent use of limited resources.”
  35. ↑ "Remarks by W. Ralph Basham - CBP.gov". www.cbp.gov. Archived from the original on 2 December 2009. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
  36. ↑ https://fas.org/sgp/crs/homesec/RL34482.pdf [ bare URL PDF ]
  37. 1 2 "Congressional Record - 110th Congress (2007-2008) - THOMAS (Library of Congress)". Archived from the original on 2009-01-09.
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