Established | 1967 |
---|---|
Location | 3406 Frederick Ave., St. Joseph, Missouri, United States |
Coordinates | 39°46′34″N94°48′30″W / 39.77611°N 94.80833°W |
Type | Psychiatric history |
Founder | George Glore |
Curator | Scott Clark |
Public transit access | St. Joseph Transit |
Website | website |
The Glore Psychiatric Museum is part of a complex of St. Joseph, Missouri, museums, along with the Black Archives Museum, the St. Joseph Museum, and the American Indian and History Galleries. The Glore exhibits feature the 130-year history of the adjacent state mental hospital, and illustrate the history of mental health treatment through the ages. [1] It has been called one of the fifty most unusual museums in the United States. [2]
The collection began in 1966 when George Glore, an employee of the Missouri Department of Mental Health, built some life-size models of primitive devices formerly used for mental health treatment, for display during a Mental Health Awareness Week. [1] The models, together with a growing collection of other artifacts, became a museum in 1967, designed to illustrate how the treatment of mental illness has progressed through time. Glore explained, "We really can't have a good appreciation of the strides we've made (in mental health treatment) if we don't look at the atrocities of the past." [3] Glore continued to add to the collection throughout his 41-year career with the department. After his retirement in the 1990s he continued to serve as the museum's curator until his death in 2010, after which Scott Clark became curator. [1]
At first the museum was housed in a ward of the original "State Lunatic Asylum No. 2", renamed the "St. Joseph State Hospital" in 1899. [2] The asylum was built in 1874 [4] and resembled a fortress. From an initial population of 25 patients it expanded until it housed nearly 3,000 patients in the 1950s. [2] In the 1990s it was re-purposed as a state prison, and a new 108-bed facility called Northwest Missouri Psychiatric Rehabilitation opened across the street from the original hospital. The Glore Museum moved to a 1968 building outside the prison gates that was originally a clinic for patients at the mental hospital. [2]
The museum displays many artifacts from the mental hospital, including medical equipment, staff uniforms, photographs, and artwork and writing created by the patients. One exhibit tells the story of a man who spent 72 years as a patient in the hospital. [3]
Some of the most notable exhibits are the full-sized models, built by Glore, of treatment devices from the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries. [1] One such item is a "Tranquilizer Chair", complete with hood, hand and feet restraints and a built-in portable toilet to accommodate extended sessions. [2] [5] The chair was invented by Benjamin Rush, known as "The Father of American Psychiatry", who published the first American textbook about mental illness in 1812. [5]
Other items include the "Bath of Surprise", a platform designed to quickly submerse the patient into a bath of ice water; [6] [7] the "Giant Patient Treadmill," which would encourage agitated patients to remain still, lest they become exhausted by causing movement of the giant wheel; the "Lunatic Box", an upright, coffin-like box in which patients who were deemed uncontrollable were confined until they calmed down; [2] and the "O'Halloran's Swing", a hammock-like device used to calm an agitated patient or induce sleep. [6] [2]
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