Go West, young man

For other uses, see Go West Young Man (disambiguation).

Horace Greeley, to whom the saying is attributed

"Go West, young man" is a phrase, the origin of which is often credited to the American author and newspaper editor Horace Greeley, concerning America's expansion westward as related to the concept of Manifest destiny. No one has yet proven who first used this phrase in print.

Washington [D.C.] is not a place to live in. The rents are high, the food is bad, the dust is disgusting and the morals are deplorable. Go West, young man, go West and grow up with the country.

— attributed to Horace Greeley, New-York Daily Tribune, July 13, 1865 ^{[1] [2]}

The Oxford Dictionary of Quotations ^[3] gives the full quotation as, "Go West, young man, and grow up with the country", from Hints toward Reforms ^[4] (1850) by Horace Greeley, but the phrase does not occur in that book.

In 2010, Timothy Hughes of the "Rare & Early Newspapers" blog examined Greeley's writings and concluded that this text does not appear in the July 13, 1865 issue of the Tribune: "Here is the Tribune of that date and I've scoured through the issue yet never found the quote. The closest I could come is in 'The Homestead Law' article, page 4 column 4, where he mentioned: ' ... We earnestly urge upon all such to turn their faces Westward and colonize the public lands ... '. (See text image)." ^[5] The editorial instead encourages American Civil War veterans to take advantage of the Homestead Act and colonize the public lands.

In 1849, Samuel Merritt was making a name for himself as a physician in Plymouth, Massachusetts. Merritt, originally from Harpswell, Maine, completed a difficult operation on a friend of the aging statesman Daniel Webster. Webster lived in nearby Marshfield at the time. Impressed, Webster befriended the young doctor. As they spoke, Merritt admitted his fascination with the gold rush drawing people to California. Webster advised him, “Go out there, young man; go out there and behave yourself, and, free as you are from family cares, you will never regret it.” Samuel took the advice. ^[6]

Greeley favored westward expansion. He saw the fertile farmland of the west as an ideal place for people willing to work hard for the opportunity to succeed. The phrase came to symbolize the idea that agriculture could solve many of the nation's problems of poverty and unemployment characteristic of the big cities of the East. It is one of the most commonly quoted sayings from the nineteenth century and may have had some influence on the course of American history.^{[ citation needed ]}

Controversy

Josiah Bushnell Grinnell claimed in his autobiography that Horace Greeley first addressed the advice to him in 1833, before sending him off to Illinois to report on the Illinois Agricultural State Fair. Grinnell reports the full conversation as:

"Go West, young man, go West. There is health in the country, and room away from our crowds of idlers and imbeciles." "That," I said, "is very frank advice, but it is medicine easier given than taken. It is a wide country, but I do not know just where to go." "It is all room away from the pavements. ..."

—  Josiah Bushnell Grinnell ^[7]

Grinnell College historian Joseph Frazier Wall claims that Greeley himself denied providing that advice and "[spent] the rest of this life vigorously protesting that he had never given this advice to Grinnell or anyone else ...". Wall wrote that an account of the true source of "Go West, young man" and Greeley's disavowal of being the author of the phrase is in Dictionary of Quotations by Bergen Evans and published by Delacourte Press in New York in 1968 (p. 745:2). ^[8]

Wall wrote that Indiana State Library Newspaper Librarian John L. Selch, in a letter to William Deminoff on Dec. 12 1983, confirmed that John B. L. Soule was the source for this statement. ^[8]

Author Ralph Keyes also suggests Soule as the source, offering an account in which the line originated from a bet between Soule and Indiana Congressman Richard W. Thompson over whether or not Soule could trick readers by forging a Greeley article. ^[9]

Some claim it was first stated by John Babsone Lane Soule in an 1851 editorial in the Terre Haute Express, "Go west young man, and grow up with the country"; and that Greeley later used the quote in his own editorial in 1865. ^[10] However, the phrase does not appear in the 1851 edition of the Terre Haute Express. ^[11] An analysis of this phrase in the 2007 Skagit River Journal concludes: "the primary-source historical record contains not a shred of evidence that Soule had anything to do with the phrase." ^[12]

References

1. Gordon, Hal (13 July 2006). "Go West Young Man ..." The Speechwriter's Slant (blog). Archived from the original on 5 September 2008. Retrieved 13 February 2009.
2. Spinrad, Leonard (1979). Speaker's Lifetime Library . Parker Pub. Co. p.  155. ISBN   9780138245573.
3. The Oxford Dictionary of Quotations. Oxford University Press, TME. 1999. p. 351. ISBN   9780198601739 . Retrieved 24 June 2018.
4. Greeley, Horace (1850). Hints Toward Reforms, in lectures, addresses, and other writings. New York: Harper & Brothers. Retrieved 24 June 2018.
5. Hughes, Timothy (20 Dec 2010). "Go West, young man ..." Rare & Early Newspapers. Retrieved 24 June 2018.
6. https://www.newenglandhistoricalsociety.com/daniel-webster-tells-dr-samuel-merritt-go-west/
7. Josiah Busnell Grinnell (1891). Men and Events of Forty Years. Boston: D. Lothrop. p.  87 . Retrieved 2009-02-13.
8. Joseph Frazier Wall (1997). Grinnell College in the Nineteenth Century. Ames: Iowa State University Press. p. 91.
9. Keyes, Ralph (1992). Nice Guys Finish Seventh: False Phrases, Spurious Sayings, and Familiar Misquotations. New York: HarperCollins. p. 21.
10. Fuller, Thomas (September 2004). "Go West, Young Man—an Elusive Slogan". Indiana Magazine of History100, 231–243.
11. Shapiro, Fred (2006). The Yale Book of Quotations . Yale University Press. p.  323. ISBN   0300107986 . Retrieved 2009-02-14.
12. ""Go West, Young Man" Who wrote it? Greeley or Soule?". Skagit River Journal. Issue 38: Skagit County Historical Society. March–April 2007. Retrieved 24 June 2018.