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Transylvania is a historical and cultural region in Central Europe, encompassing central Romania. To the east and south its natural border is the Carpathian Mountains and to the west the Apuseni Mountains. Broader definitions of Transylvania also include the western and northwestern Romanian regions of Crișana and Maramureș, and occasionally Banat. Historical Transylvania also includes small parts of neighbouring Western Moldavia and even a small part of south-western neighbouring Bukovina to its north east. The capital of the region is Cluj-Napoca.
Vlach, also Wallachian, is a term and exonym used from the Middle Ages until the Modern Era to designate speakers of Eastern Romance languages living in Southeast Europe — south of the Danube and north of the Danube. The same name is still used in Polish(Włochy, Włosi, włoskie) and Hungarian as an exonym for Italy, while in Slovakian (Vlasi), Czech (Vlachy) and Slovenian it was replaced with the endonym Italia.
Sibiu is a middle-sized, well-preserved fortified medieval town in central Romania, situated in the historical region of Transylvania. Located some 275 km (171 mi) north-west of Bucharest, the town straddles the Cibin River, a tributary of the Olt River. Now the county seat of the Sibiu County, between 1692 and 1791 and 1849–65 Sibiu was the capital of the Principality of Transylvania. During the Modern era, the Hecht hause in Sibiu served as the seat of the Transylvanian Saxon University.
Orăștie is a small town and municipality in Hunedoara County, south-western Transylvania, central Romania.
Agnita is a town on the Hârtibaciu river in Sibiu County, Transylvania, central Romania. It is considered the locality in the center of the country. The town administers two villages, namely Coveș and Ruja.
The Transylvanian Saxons are a people of mainly German ethnicity and overall Germanic origin; mostly Luxembourgish and from the Low Countries initially during the medieval Ostsiedlung process, then also from other parts of present-day Germany who settled in Transylvania in various waves, starting from the mid and mid-late 12th century until the mid 19th century.
Sebeș is a city in Alba County, central Romania, southwestern Transylvania.
The Transylvanian peasant revolt, also known as the peasant revolt of Bábolna or Bobâlna revolt, was a popular revolt in the eastern territories of the Kingdom of Hungary in 1437. The revolt broke out after George Lépes, bishop of Transylvania, had failed to collect the tithe for years because of a temporary debasement of the coinage, but then demanded the arrears in one sum when coins of higher value were again issued. Most commoners were unable to pay the demanded sum, but the bishop did not renounce his claim and applied interdict and other ecclesiastic penalties to enforce the payment.
The Prince of Transylvania was the head of state of the Principality of Transylvania from the last decades of the 16th century until the middle of the 18th century. John Sigismund Zápolya was the first to adopt the title in 1570, but its use only became stable from 1576.
Biertan is a commune in Transylvania, Romania. The commune is composed of three villages: Biertan, Copșa Mare, and Richiș, each of which has a fortified church.
Săliște is a town in Sibiu County, in the centre of Romania, 21 km (13 mi) west of the county capital, Sibiu. Declared a town in 2003, it is the main locality in the Mărginimea Sibiului area.
The Cârța Monastery is a former Cistercian (Benedictine) monastery in the Țara Făgărașului region in southern Transylvania in Romania, currently an Evangelical Lutheran church belonging to the local Saxon community. It lies on the left bank of the Olt River, between the cities of Sibiu and Făgăraș, close to the villages of Cârța and Cârțișoara. The monastery was probably founded in 1202–1206 by monks from Igriș Abbey, and was disbanded in 1494, when the apostolic legate Ursus of Ursinis ratified Cârța Abbey's attachment to the Provostship nullius of Sibiu. The Cistercian monastery introduced and helped develop French Gothic art in the region.
Transylvania is a historical region in central and northwestern Romania. It was under the rule of the Agathyrsi, part of the Dacian Kingdom, Roman Dacia (106–271), the Goths, the Hunnic Empire, the Kingdom of the Gepids, the Avar Khaganate, the Slavs, and the 9th century First Bulgarian Empire. During the late 9th century, Transylvania was part of the Hungarian conquest, and the family of Gyula II of the seven chieftains of the Hungarians ruled Transylvania in the 10th century. King Stephen I of Hungary asserted his claim to rule all lands dominated by Hungarian lords, and he personally led his army against his maternal uncle Gyula III. Transylvania became part of the Kingdom of Hungary in 1002, and it belonged to the Lands of the Hungarian Crown until 1920.
Transylvanian Saxon is the native German dialect of the Transylvanian Saxons, an ethnic German minority group from Transylvania, a historical region situated in central Romania, and is also one of the three oldest ethnic German and German-speaking groups of the German diaspora in Central and Eastern Europe, along with the Baltic Germans and Zipser Germans. In addition, the Transylvanian Saxons are the eldest ethnic German group of all constituent others forming the broader community of the Germans of Romania.
The Vlach law refers to the traditional Romanian common law as well as to various special laws and privileges enjoyed or enforced upon particularly pastoralist communities of Romanian stock or origin in European states of the Late Middle Ages and Early modern period, including in the two Romanian polities of Moldavia and Wallachia, as well as in the Kingdom of Hungary, the Kingdom of Poland, Kingdom of Serbia, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, etc.
Ioan Lupaș was a Romanian historian, academic, politician, Orthodox theologian and priest. He was a member of the Romanian Academy.
Maramureș is a historical region in the north of Transylvania, along the upper Tisa River. The territory of the southern part of this region is now in the Maramureș County in northern Romania, whereas its northern section is included in the Zakarpattia Oblast of western Ukraine.
Șura Mare is a commune located in Sibiu County, Transylvania, Romania. It is composed of two villages, Hamba and Șura Mare. Șura Mare was first mentioned in 1332, and Hamba in 1337.
The Biertan fortified church is a Lutheran fortified church in Biertan, Sibiu County, in the Transylvania region of Romania. It was built by the ethnic German Transylvanian Saxon community at a time when the area belonged to the Kingdom of Hungary. Briefly Roman Catholic, it became Evangelical Lutheran following the Reformation. Together with the surrounding village, the church forms part of the villages with fortified churches in Transylvania UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Vasile Moga was an Imperial Austrian ethnic Romanian bishop of the Romanian Orthodox Church. A native of Sebeș, he was a parish priest for some years before being made bishop of Transylvania. The first Romanian to hold this office in over a century, he served for over three decades. Living in Sibiu during this period, he worked both to improve the spiritual and educational foundations of the diocese and to secure additional rights for the province's Romanians.
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 Georg Daniel Teutsch (1879), "Goblinus, Bischof von Siebenbürgen", Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (in German), vol. 9, Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 301–302.
- ↑ Renáta Skorka, "The Buda Decision: Lessons from the Quarrel between the Sibiu Tanners and Shoemakers," Anuarul Institutului de Cercetări Socio-Umane Sibiu25 (2018): 33–45.
- ↑ John Foisel, Saxons Through Seventeen Centuries: A History of the Transylvanian Saxons (Central Alliance of Transylvanian Saxons of the United States, 1965), p. 63.
- ↑ Daniela Marcu-Istrate, Church Archaeology in Transylvania (ca. 950 to ca. 1450) (Brill, 2022), p. 268.
- ↑ Ela Cosma, "Enacted Jus Valachicum in South Transylvania (14th–18th Centuries)," Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai - Historia67, 1 (2022): 3–19.
- ↑ Corina Hopârtean, "Written Sources Regarding Pauline Monasteries in Medieval Transylvania," Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Brașov – Special Issue, Series VII, 10 (59), 1 (2017): 17–22.
- ↑ Veronika Csikos, "Styling the Dead: Tradition(s) of Making the Pontifical Tombstone in Angevin Hungary," Ikon4 (2011): 303–312. doi : 10.1484/j.ikon.5.100705
