| Gordon syndrome | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Camptodactyly-cleft palate-clubfoot syndrome |
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| Gordon syndrome is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner | |
Gordon Syndrome, or distal arthrogryposis type 3, is a rare genetic disorder characterized by cleft palate and congenital contractures of the hands and feet.
Gordon Syndrome is a form of hypertension. On a molecular level, it is characterized by severe hyperkalemia with otherwise normal renal functioning. Hyperkalemia is excessive potassium concentration in the blood, and is often accompanied by other electrolyte imbalances, such as high amounts of chloride in blood (hypercholermia), and acidemia (acidic blood).
It is distinguished from other forms of hypertension by the severity of the hyperkalemia, which reaches 8-9 mmol/L in patients with Gordon Syndrome [ [1] ]. This can result in vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. In severe cases, patients present with short stature, muscle weakness, and intellectual disability. [2]
Other signs and symptoms include short stature, bifid uvula, hip dislocation, abnormal spinal curvature such as scoliosis, lordosis, or kyphoscoliosis, or abnormal webbing of the fingers and toes called syndactyly. [3] [4]
Gordon Syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutations in PIEZO2. This gene provides instructions to create proteins that control sensation and muscle coordination. Mutations in this gene affect mobility and musculoskeletal development. [4]
An abnormal copy of the gene can be inherited or develop as a new mutation. As a dominant gene, only a single abnormal copy of it needs to be present to cause the disorder. Males and females are equally as likely to inherit the gene, although there is some evidence that female carriers are more likely to be asymptomatic or experience a less severe version. [3]
It affects males and females equally. Fewer than 50 cases have been reported worldwide in five families, known as kindreds. In most people, physical features associated with Gordon Syndrome are obvious at birth, such as clubfoot or cleft palate. Diagnosis is conducted by genetic testing to identify mutations in the PIEZO2 gene, and x-rays may be ordered to identify abnormalities in the bone. [3]
It was first described in Australia in the 1960s by a doctor named Richard Gordon who tracked several Australian families with the gene. When more cases were discovered, the gene was found to have a phenotype-genotype correlation, shown by how some pedigrees of the gene experienced more severe symptoms. [5]
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