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Joual is an accepted name for the linguistic features of Quebec French that are associated with the French-speaking working class in Montreal which has become a symbol of national identity for some. Joual has historically been stigmatized by some, and celebrated by others. While Joual is often considered a sociolect of the Québécois working class, many feel that perception is outdated, with Joual becoming increasingly present in the arts.
Quebec French, also known as Québécois French, is the predominant variety of the French language spoken in Canada. It is the dominant language of the province of Quebec, used in everyday communication, in education, the media, and government.
The Académie Française, also known as the French Academy, is the principal French council for matters pertaining to the French language. The Académie was officially established in 1635 by Cardinal Richelieu, the chief minister to King Louis XIII. Suppressed in 1793 during the French Revolution, it was restored as a division of the Institut de France in 1803 by Napoleon Bonaparte. It is the oldest of the five académies of the institute. The body has the duty of acting as an official authority on the language; it is tasked with publishing an official dictionary of the language.
The Office québécois de la langue française is a Quebec public provincial organization established on 24 March 1961, by the Liberal government of Jean Lesage. Attached to the Ministère de la Culture et des Communications(Ministry of Culture and Communications), its initial mission, defined in its report of 1 April 1964, was "to align on international French, promote good Canadianisms and fight Anglicisms ... work on the normalization of the language in Quebec and support State intervention to carry out a global language policy that would consider notably the importance of socio-economic motivations in making French the priority language in Quebec".
The Charter of the French Language, also known in English as Bill 101, Law 101, or Quebec French Preference Law, is a law in the province of Quebec in Canada defining French, the language of the majority of the population, as the official language of the provincial government. It is the central legislative piece in Quebec's language policy, and one of the three statutory documents Quebec society bases its cohesion upon, along with the Quebec Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms and the Civil Code of Quebec. The Charter also protects the Indigenous languages of Quebec.
The demographics of Quebec constitutes a complex and sensitive issue, especially as it relates to the National question. Quebec is the only one of Canada's provinces to feature a francophone (French-speaking) majority, and where anglophones (English-speakers) constitute an officially recognized minority group. According to the 2011 census, French is spoken by more than 85.5% of the population while this number rises to 88% for children under 15 years old. According to the 2011 census, 95% of Quebec are able to conduct a conversation in French, with less than 5% of the population not able to speak French.
This article presents the current language demographics of the Canadian province of Quebec.
There are various lexical differences between Quebec French and Metropolitan French in France. These are distributed throughout the registers, from slang to formal usage.
Standard French is an unofficial term for a standard variety of the French language. It is a set of spoken and written formal varieties used by the educated francophones of several nations around the world.
Canadian French is the French language as it is spoken in Canada. It includes multiple varieties, the most prominent of which is Québécois. Formerly Canadian French referred solely to Quebec French and the closely related varieties of Ontario (Franco-Ontarian) and Western Canada—in contrast with Acadian French, which is spoken by Acadians in New Brunswick and some areas of Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland & Labrador.
Venetian-style shoes or Venetian-style loafers are mid-heel slippers with an upper or top part that is slightly open to the kick of the foot and the ankle bone. The venetian-style shoe and its lack of ornamentation contrasts with the loafer which may have slotted straps, vamps and even tassels. The term came from Great Britain.
The Trésor de la langue française au Québec is a project created in the 1970s with the primary objective of establishing a scientific infrastructure for research into the history of Quebec French and, also, its current usage. The project is affiliated to the Centre interdisciplinaire de recherches sur les activités langagières (CIRAL) at Université Laval.
Charles Castonguay is a retired associate professor of Mathematics and Statistics at the University of Ottawa.
Sea-pie is a layered meat pie made with meat or fish, and is known to have been served to British sailors during the 18th century. Its popularity was passed on to the New England colonies sufficiently to be included in Amelia Simmons's landmark 1796 book American Cookery. Sea-pie is made by lining a saucepan or pot with a thick layer of pastry, and then filling the pot with alternating layers of meat or stew, and vegetables; and, topping the layered ingredients with pastry. There is no set list of ingredients; rather, sea-pie is made with whatever meat and vegetables are on-hand at the time it is made.
Pointe-aux-Outardes is a village municipality in Quebec, Canada, on the southern point of the Manicouagan Peninsula between the mouths of the Outardes and Manicouagan Rivers.
The Commission de toponymie du Québec is the Government of Québec's public body responsible for cataloging, preserving, making official and publicize Québec's place names and their origins according to the province's toponymy rules. It also provides recommendations to the government with regard to toponymic changes.
Josette Rey-Debove, was a French lexicographer and semiologist. She was the first female lexicographer in France, and held many prominent posts in this field, where she used her influence to promote feminist changes to French language usage. Her husband, Alain Rey, was also her colleague.
Quebecers or Quebeckers are people associated with Quebec. The term is most often used in reference to descendants of the French settlers in Quebec and people of any ethnicity who live in the province.
Jean-Claude Corbeil, was a Canadian linguist and lexicographer. He served as head of the linguistic department at the Office québécois de la langue française from 1971 to 1977 and oversaw the introduction of Quebec's language laws during that decade. He also co-authored several visual dictionaries for Scholastic Corporation, Macmillan Publishers, Firefly Learning, and Merriam-Webster.
The Trésor de la langue française informatisé or TLFi is a digital version of the Trésor de la langue française or TLF, a 16-volume dictionary of the French language of the 19th and 20th centuries, which was published between 1971 and 1994. It is freely available via a web interface. It was previously sold as a CD-ROM for Mac and Windows.
References
- ↑ "cerebrovascular accident". Grand dictionnaire terminologique. Office québécois de la langue française . Retrieved 19 January 2015.
- 1 2 "Mémoire sur l'orthographe" [Memorandum on orthography](PDF) (in French). Conseil supérieur de la langue française. 22 November 2005. p. 13. Retrieved 17 September 2009.
External links
- "Official website" (in French).
- "Créer un hyperlien qui mène directement vers la définition du GDT" [How to create a hyperlink for direct access to a definition in the GDT]. ptaff.ca (in French).
- "Pourquoi le grand dictionnaire terminologique ?" [Why the "Grande Dictionnaire Terminologique"?] (in French). July 2005.
