The proposal for Great British Energy was first announced by Keir Starmer at the Labour Party's 2022 conference.[1] It was subsequently formalised as a key policy in the party's 2024 general election manifesto, Change. The party argued that public ownership would enable strategic long-term investment in energy infrastructure, ensure energy security, and return profits to the public sector.[2]
Legislative history
The bill was introduced to the House of Commons in July 2024 by Ed Miliband, the Secretary of State for Energy Security and Net Zero. It underwent detailed scrutiny and amendment in both Houses of Parliament, receiving cross-party support in some areas while facing opposition over issues such as funding transparency and government interference in energy markets.[citation needed]
The bill received Royal Assent on 15 May 2025 and came into force on the same day.[7]
Provisions
The Act sets out the statutory basis for the creation and operation of Great British Energy (GBE). Key provisions include:
Establishment of GBE as a state-owned company with operational independence
Powers to invest in, develop, and own energy generation infrastructure
Obligations to promote environmental sustainability and deliver value for public money
A requirement to publish annual reports to Parliament on finances, strategy, and project progress
Provisions for ministerial oversight and appointment of a board of directors
The Act also outlines the legal powers necessary for the company to enter partnerships with private firms, local authorities, and international investors, subject to government approval.
Amendments
During its passage through Parliament, concerns were raised about modern slavery, following concerns raised about to materials such as solar panels manufactured in China.[8][9][10]
An amendment proposed by members of the House of Lords was pre-empted by the government introducing its own proposed amendment with anti-slavery provisions, which was passed.[11]
The Conservative Party proposed an amendment, moved by Lord Offord of Garvel, to hold GBE accountable for government predictions of cutting energy bills by £300, however, it was rejected.[12][13]
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