Guam (1944) order of battle

Landing beaches on west coast of Guam

On 21 July 1944, United States Marine and Army forces invaded the island of Guam, the southernmost of the Mariana Islands chain in the Central Pacific, with the intent to take control of the island from the Imperial Japanese Army. Operation Forager II, as it was called by American planners, was a phase of the Pacific theatre of World War II.

The Guam landings had been tentatively set for 18 June but a large Japanese carrier attack and stubborn resistance by the unexpectedly large Japanese garrison on Saipan led to the invasion of Guam being postponed for a month.

The island was declared secure on 10 August 1944.

US command structure

Naval commanders for Operation Forager II

Adm. Chester W. Nimitz

Vice Adm. Raymond A. Spruance

Rear Adm. Richmond Kelly Turner

Vice Adm. Richard L. Conolly

Ground force commanders at Guam

Lieut. Gen. Holland M. Smith, USMC

Maj. Gen. Roy S. Geiger, USMC

Naval

The roles of Commander in Chief, Pacific Ocean Areas (CINCPOA) and Commander in Chief, U.S. Pacific Fleet (CINCPAC), were both exercised by Admiral Chester W. Nimitz from his headquarters at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.

Since the Marianas lie in the Central Pacific, their capture was the responsibility of the U.S. Fifth Fleet, led by Vice Admiral Raymond A. Spruance from aboard his flagship, heavy cruiser Indianapolis .

The ships and embarked troops of both Operation Forager I, for the Central Marianas (Saipan and Tinian) and Forager II, for the Southern Marianas (Guam), were under the overall command of Rear Admiral Richmond Kelly Turner aboard amphibious command ship Rocky Mount .

The ships and embarked troops for the Guam portion of Operation Forager were under the direct operational command of Rear Admiral Richard L. Conolly.

Ground troops

The Marine and Army landing forces for both the Central and Southern Marianas phases of Operation Forager were under the overall command of Maj. Gen. Holland M. "Howlin' Mad" Smith, USMC.

III Marine Amphibious Corps (Maj. Gen. Roy S. Geiger, USMC)

Northern landing area: 3rd Marine Division (Maj. Gen. Allen H. Turnage, USMC)

Southern landing area: 1st Provisional Marine Brigade (Brig. Gen. Lemuel C. Shepherd Jr., USMC)

Reserve: 77th Infantry ("Statue of Liberty") Division (Army) (Maj. Gen. Andrew D. Bruce, USA)

US forces

III Marine Amphibious Corps commander, Major General Roy S. Geiger; his chief of staff, Colonel Merwin H. Silverthorn; and Corps Artillery commander, Brigadier General Pedro A. del Valle

US Marine Corps 155mm Howitzer on White Beach

Naval forces (Task Force 53 Southern Attack Force)

Rear Admiral Richard L. Conolly

Task Group 53.1 Northern Attack Group

Rear Admiral Richard L. Conolly

Task Group 53.3 Northern Transport Group

Captain Pat Buchanan

Transdiv 2, Captain H. D. Baker

APAs: USS President Jackson Captain A. F. Junker; President Hayes Commander H. E. Schieke; President Adams Commander M. C. Erwin

AP: USS President Monroe Commander J. M. Payne

AKA: USS Titania Commander H. E. Berger

Transdiv 8, Captain F. R. Talbot

APAs: USS Crescent City Commander L. L. Rowe; Warren Commander W. A. McHale Windsor Commander D. C. Woodward

AP: USS Wharton Captain J. J. Fallon

AKA: USS Libra Captain F. F. Ferris

Transdiv 24, Captain Buchanan

APAs: USS Du Page Captain G. M. Wauchope; Elmore Commander Drayton Harrison; Wayne Commander T. V. Cooper

Hospital transport: USS Rixey Commander P. H. Jenkins

AKA: USS Aquarius Captain R. V. Marron USCG

LSD: USS Epping Forest Commander Lester Martin; Gunston Hall Commander D. E. Collins

Screen, Captain E. M. Thompson

DDs: USS John Rodgers Commander H. O. Parish; Stevens Lieutenant Commander W. M. Rakow; Harrison Lieutenant Commander W. V. Combs; McKee Lieutenant Commander R. B. Allen; Schroeder Lieutenant Commander R. W. McElrath; Colahan Commander D. T. Wilber; Haggard (Commander J. H. Nevins on board), Lieutenant Commander D. A. Harris; Hailey Commander P. H. Brady

DMSs: USS Hogan Lieutenant Commander W. H. Sublette; Stansbury Lieutenant Commander D. M. Granstrom; Hopkins Lieutenant D. P. Payne

Task Group 53.16 Tractor Group Three

Captain G. B. Carter

LST Unit 3, Commander V. K. Busck: 16 LSTs

Control Unit, Captain G. B. Carter: DD USS Stembel Commander W. L. Tagg; 9 SCs.

LCI(G) Unit, Commander W. R. McCaleb: 7 LCI(G)

Task Group 53.9 Minesweeping and Hydrographic Group

Lieutenant Commander G. M. Estep

Minesweepers: USS Skylark Lieutenant Commander G. M. Estep; Starling Lieutenant R. C. Biles; 6 YMS

Ocean tug: USS Apache

Salvage vessel: USS Grapple

Net layers: USS Agenor, Aloe

Repair ship: USS Holly

APD: USS Dent Commander R. A. Wilhelm

Reconnaissance and demolition unit: Commander R. A. Wilhelm

Task Group 53.2 Southern Attack Group

Rear Admiral Lawrence F. Reifsnider

Task Group 53.3 Northern Transport Group

Captain J. B. McGovern

Transdiv 4, Captain McGovern

APAs: USS Zeilin, Ormsby, George Clymer Captain M. T. Farrar

AP: USS President Polk Commander C. J. Ballreich

AKA: USS Virgo

Transdiv 6, Captain T. B. Brittain

APAs: USS Fayette Commander J. C. Lester, Harry Lee; William P. Biddle Captain L. F. Brown; Leedstown Commander Harold Bye; Centaurus

Transdiv 38, Captain J. B. Heffernan

APAs: USS Lamar Captain B. K. Culver; Alpine Commander G. K. G. Reilly

APs: USS Golden City Commander C. M. Furlow; Starlight Commander W. O. Britton

AKA: USS Alshain Commander R. E. Krause

LSD: USS Carter Hall Lieutenant Commander F. J. Harris

Screen, Captain W. P. Burford

DDs: USS Farenholt Lieutenant Commander K. S. Shook; Sigsbee Lieutenant Commander G. P. Chung-Hoon; Dashiell; Murray; Johnston Commander E. E. Evans; Franks Commander N. A. Lidstone; Preston Commander G. S. Patrick; Anthony Lieutenant Commander C. J. Van Arsdall; Wadsworth Commander J. F. Walsh; Wedderburn Commander J. L. Wilfong

Task Group 53.17 Tractor Group Four

Commander E. A. McFall

DD: USS Stack Lieutenant Commander E. R. King

LST Unit 4, Commander R. W. Cuder

14 LSTs

Control Unit, Commander Henry Crommelin

DD: USS Ringgold Lieutenant Commander T. F. Conley

7 SCs

LCI(G) Unit, Lieutenant H. B. Rabenstein

9 LCI(G)s

Seaplane Servicing Unit, Lieutenant Commander J. A. Pridmore

Tender USS Williamson Lieutenant W. H. Ayer

APc: APc-46 Lieutenant R. M. Rosse

Task Group 53.6 Minesweeping and Hydrographic Group

Commander R. R. Sampson

Sweep Unit 3, Lieutenant Commander W. B. Porter

Minesweepers: USS Sheldrake, Lieutenant T. W. Cross; Swallow Lieutenant (jg) M. McVickar

Sweep Unit 4, Lieutenant E. E. McCarthy

6 YMS

Sweep Unit 6, Commander R. T. Sampson

DMS: USS Hamilton Lieutenant Commander John Clague; Perry Lieutenant Commander I. G. Stubbart; Long Lieutenant S. Caplan

Salvage and Service Unit, Commander E. C. Genereaux

Tug USS Lipan Lieutenant N. R. Terpening

Reconnaissance and Demolition Unit, Lieutenant F. M. Christiansen

APDs: USS Clemson Lieutenant W. F. Moran; Kane Lieutenant F. M. Christiansen

Task Group 53.5 Southern Fire Support Group

Rear Admiral W. L. Ainsworth

Unit 6, Rear Admiral W. L. Ainsworth

CL: USS Honolulu, Captain H. R. Thurber

BBs: USS Pennsylvania, Captain C. F. Martin; Idaho, Captain H. D. Clarke

DDs: USS Anthony (Commander E. B. Taylor on board), Commander B. Van Mater; Wadsworth, Commander J. F. Walsh; Hudson, Lieutenant Commander R. R. Pratt

APD: USS Dickerson, Lieutenant Commander J. R. Cain

Seaplane tender: USS Williamson, Lieutenant Commander J. A. Pridmore

Minesweeper: HocAN, Lieutenant Commander W. H. Sublette

Unit 7, Rear Admiral G. L. Weyler

BB: USS New Mexico, Captain E. M. Zacharias

CAs: USS Minneapolis, Captain Harry Slocum; San Francisco, Captain H. E. Overesch

DDs: USS Halford, Lieutenant Commander R. J. Hardy; Terry, Lieutenant Commander J. M. Lee; Braine, Commander W. W. Fitts

APD: USS Talbot, Lieutenant Commander C. C. Morgan

Minesweeper: USS Stansbury, Lieutenant Commander D. M. Granstrom

Unit 8, Rear Admiral C. T. Joy

CAs: USS Wichita, Captain J. J. Mahoney; New Orleans, Captain J. E. Hurff

CL: USS St. Louis, Captain R. H. Roberts

DDs: USS Fullam, Commander W. D. Kelly; Guest, Commander M. G. Kennedy; Bennett, Lieutenant Commander P. F. Hauck

Task Group 53.7 Carrier Support Group

Rear Admiral V. H. Ragsdale

CarDiv 22, Rear Admiral T. L. Sprague

USS Sangamon, Captain M. E. Browder

Air Group 37, Lieutenant Commander S. E. Hindman

VF-37: 22 F6F fighters

VT-37: 1 TBF, 8 TBM torpedo bombers

USS Suwannee, Captain W. D. Johnson

Air Group 60, Lieutenant Commander H. O. Feilbach

VF-60: 22 F6F fighters

VT-60: 8 TBM, 1 TBF torpedo bombers

USS Chenango, Captain Dixwell Ketcham

Air Group 35, Lieutenant Commander F. T. Moore

VF-35: 22 F6F fighters

VT-35: 8 TBM, 1 TBF torpedo bombers

Screen, Captain J. T. Bottom

DDs: USS Erben, Walker, Abbot, Hale

Cardiv 24, Rear Admiral F. B. Stump

USS Corregidor, Captain R. L. Thomas

VC-41: 14 FM fighters, 12 TBM torpedo bombers

USS Coral Sea, Captain P. W. Watson

VC-33: 14 FM figghters, 8 TBF, 4 TBM torpedo bombers

Screen, Commander C. E, Carroll

DDs: USS Bullard, Chauncey, Kidd

Task Group 53.19 Corps Reserve Group

Captain H. B. Knowles

Transdiv 18, Captain H. B. Knowles

APAs: USS Monrovia, Feland, Frederick Funston

APs: USS War Hawk, SS China Victory

AKA: USS Alcyone

Transdiv 28, Captain H. C. Flanagan

APAs:: USS Bolivar, Sheridan, Doyen

AP: USS Comet, SS Claremont Victory

AKA: USS Almaack

Screen, Commander W. R. Edsall

DDs: USS Melvin, Shaw, Selfridge, Aulick

DMSs: USS Palmer, Zane

DE: USS Baron, Elden

Mobile service bases

Servron 10, Commodore W. R. Carter

Survey ship: USS Hydrographer

Repair ships: USS Ajax, Vestal, Hector, Luzon

Tenders: USS Phaon, Cascade, Markab, Prairie

DMS: USS Dorsey

Degausser: USS YDG-6

Auxiliaries: USS Argonne, Orvetta

Tugs: USS Arapaho, Keosanqua, Mataco, Ontario, ATR-44 , ATR-46

Five floating docks

Servron 12, Captain L. S. Fiske

Survey ship: USS Bowditch

Net ships: USS Sagittarius, Tuscana, Papaya, Chinquapin

Dredges: Tualatin, Haines, Indiana

Salvage vessels: USS Clamp, Gear

Coast Guard cutters: USCGC Woodbine, Tupelo, Papaw

Tugs: USS Pakana, USS Zuni

Freighters: USS William Ward Burrows, Alkes, City of Dalhart

Two floating docks

Tanker groups

Oilers: USS Monongahela, Tappahannock, Neosho, Cahaba, Ashtabula, Lackawanna

Water tankers: USS Oklawaha, Niobrara

Store ship: USS Boreas

Auxilary cargo ship: USS Azimech

Miscellaneous unclassified vessels: USS Elk, Beagle

Source: ^[1]

Expeditionary troops (Task Force 56)

Lieutenant General Holland M. Smith

Chief of Staff: Brigadier General Graves B. Erskine ^[a]

Personnel Officer (G-1): Lieutenant Colonel Albert F. Metze

Intelligence Officer (G-2): Colonel St. Julien R. Marshall

Operations Officer (G-3): Colonel John C. McQueen

Logistics Officer (G-4): Colonel Raymond E. Knapp

Plans Officer (G-5): Colonel Joseph T. Smith

Southern Troops and Landing Force (Task Group 56.2 – Guam)

Consisting of III Amphibious Corps

III Marine Amphibious Corps
Major General Roy S. Geiger

Chief of Staff: Brigadier General Merwin H. Silverthorn

Personnel Officer (C-1): Colonel William J. Scheyer

Intelligence Officer (C-2): Lieutenant Colonel William F. Coleman

Operations Officer (C-3): Colonel Walter A. Wachtler

Logistics Officer (C-4): Lieutenant Colonel Frederick L. Wieseman

III Marine Amphibious Corps Artillery

Brigadier General Pedro del Valle ^[b]

Chief of Staff : Colonel John A. Bemis

Personnel Officer (A-1): Major James A. Tatsch

Intelligence Officer (A-2): Warrant Officer David G. Garnett

Operations Officer (A-3): Lieutenant Colonel Frederick P. Henderson

Logistics Officer (A-4): Major Frederick W. Miller

Lieutenant Colonel Marvin H. Floom, USMC

1st 155mm Howitzer Battalion

Commanding Officer: Colonel James J. Keating

Executive Officer: Major George H. Ford

Operations Officer (Bn-3): Major Marshall J. Hooper

2nd 155mm Howitzer Battalion

Commanding Officer: Lieutenant Colonel Marvin H. Floom

Executive Officer: Major Gene N. Schraeder

Operations Officer (Bn-3): Major Earl J. Fowse

Northern landing area (West of Agana)

3rd Marine Division command on Guam

Major General Allen H. Turnage

Alfred H. Noble as a major general

Marines wading ashore at Guam.

Interior of Japanese concrete pillbox on Guam.

Marines with war dogs.

Marine M-4 Sherman tanks burn after being struck by Japanese anti-tank gun fire near the village of Yigo.

Marines on Guam using flamethrower.

Japanese 75mm anti-aircraft gun.

The village of Hagåtña, Guam after more than a month of bombardment.jpg.

3rd Marine Division (20,338 officers and enlisted)

Major General Allen H. Turnage ^[c]

Asst. Div. Cmdr.: Brigadier General Alfred H. Noble

Chief of Staff: Colonel Ray A. Robinson

Personnel Officer (D-1): Lieutenant Colonel Chevey S. White (KIA 22 Jul), Major Irving R. Kriendler

Intelligence Officer (D-2): Lieutenant Colonel Howard J. Turton (to 28 Jul), Lieutenant Colonel Ellsworth N. Murray

Operations Officer (D-3): Colonel James A. Stuart (to 28 Jul), Lieutenant Colonel Howard J. Turton

Logistics Officer (D-4): Lieutenant Colonel Ellsworth N. Murray (to 28 Jul), Colonel William C. Hall

Left Sector (Red Beaches):

3rd Marine Regiment

Colonel William C. Hall (to 28 Jul), Colonel James A. Stuart

Exec. Ofc.: Colonel James D. Snedeker

1st Battalion

CO: Major Henry Aplington, II

XO: Major John A. Ptak (KIA 1 Aug)

2nd Battalion

CO: Lieutenant Colonel Hector de Zayas (KIA 26 Jul), Major William A. Culpepper

XO: Major William A. Culpepper (to 26 Jul), Major Howard J. Smith

CMoH recipient: PFC Leonard F. Mason (KIA 22 Jul)

3rd Battalion

CO: Lieutenant Colonel Ralph L. Houser (WIA 22 Jul), Major Royal R. Bastian

XO: Major Royal R. Bastian (to 23 Jul), Captain William R. Bradley

CMoH recipient: PFC Luther Skaggs Jr.

Center Sector (Green Beach):

21st Marine Regiment

Colonel Arthur H. Butler

Exec. Ofc.: Lieutenant Colonel Ernest W. Fry Jr.

1st Battalion

CO: Lieutenant Colonel Marlowe C. Williams

XO: Lieutenant Colonel Ronald R. Van Stockum

2nd Battalion

CO: Lieutenant Colonel Eustace R. Smoak

XO: Major Lowell E. English

3rd Battalion

CO: Lieutenant Colonel Wendell H. Duplantis

XO: Major Edward A. Clark

Right Sector (Blue Beaches):

9th Marine Regiment

Colonel Edward A. Craig

Exec. Ofc.: Lieutenant Colonel Jaime Sabater (WIA 21 Jul), Lieutenant Colonel Ralph M. King

1st Battalion

CO: Lieutenant Colonel Carey A. Randall

XO: Major Harold C. Boehm

CMoH recipient: PFC Frank P. Witek (KIA 3 Aug)

2nd Battalion

CO: Lieutenant Colonel Robert E. Cushman, Jr.

XO: Major William T. Glass

CMoH recipient: Captain Louis H. Wilson Jr. ^[d]

3rd Battalion

CO: Lieutenant Colonel Walter Asmuth, Jr. (WIA 21 Jul), Major Donald B. Hubbard (WIA 1 Aug), Major Jess P. Ferrill, Jr.

XO: Major Donald B. Hubbard (to 22 Jul), Captain Calvin W. Kunz, Jr.

Landed after W-Day:

12th Marine Regiment (Artillery)

Colonel John B. Wilson

Exec. Ofc.: Lieutenant Colonel John S. Letcher

1st Battalion

CO: Lieutenant Colonel Raymond F. Crist Jr. (WIA 22 Jul)

XO: Major George B. Thomas

2nd Battalion

CO: Lieutenant Colonel Donald M. Weller

XO: Mj. Henry E. W. Barnes

3rd Battalion

CO: Lieutenant Colonel Alpha L. Bowser

XO: Major Claude S. Sanders, Jr.

4th Battalion

CO: Lieutenant Colonel Bernard H. Kirk (WIA 21 Jul)

XO: Major Thomas R. Belzer

19th Marine Regiment (Engineer)

Lieutenant Colonel Robert E. Fojt

Exec. Ofc.: Lieutenant Colonel Edmund M. Williams

1st Battalion

CO: Lieutenant Colonel Walter S. Campbell

XO: Major Virgil M. Davis

2nd Battalion

CO: Major Victor J. Simpson

XO: Major Howard A. Hurst

Other units

3rd Medical Battalion (Cmdr. Raymond R. Callaway, USN)

3rd Motor Transport Battalion (Lieutenant Colonel Thomas R. Stokes)

3rd Service Battalion (Lieutenant Colonel Durant S. Buchanan)

3rd Tank Battalion (Lieutenant Colonel Hartnoll J. Withers)

25th Naval Construction Battalion (Lieutenant Cmdr. George J. Whelan, USN)

Southern landing area (South of Orote Peninsula)

Southern sector commanders

Andrew D. Bruce as a lieutenant general

Lemuel C. Shepherd as Commandant of the Marine Corps

Landings by the 77th Inf. Div. and 1st Prov. Marine Brigade south of Agat.

Battleship Pennsylvania bombarding Guam south of Orote Peninsula

Left beaches:

77th Infantry ("Statue of Liberty") Division (Army) (17,958 officers and enlisted) ^[e]

Major General Andrew D. Bruce , USA ^[f]

Asst. Div. Cmdr.: Brigadier General Edwin H. Randle, USA

CO, Divisional Artillery: Brigadier General Isaac Spalding, USA

Chief of Staff: Colonel Douglas C. McNair (KIA 6 August) ^[g] ; Lieutenant Colonel Guy V. Miller (from 6 August)

306th Regimental Combat Team

307th Regimental Combat Team

Right beaches:

1st Provisional Marine Brigade (9,886 officers and enlisted)

Brigadier General Lemuel C. Shepherd Jr. ^[h]

Chief of Staff: Colonel John T. Walker

Personnel Officer (B-1): Major Addison B. Overstreet

Intelligence Officer (B-2): Major Robert W. Shaw

Operations Officer (B-3): Lieutenant Colonel Thomas A. Culhane, Jr.

Logistics Officer (B-4): Lieutenant Colonel August Larson

Northern portion (Yellow Beaches):

22nd Marine Regiment

Colonel Merlin F. Schneider

Exec. Ofc.: Lieutenant Colonel William J. Wise

1st Battalion

CO: Lieutenant Colonel Walfried H. Fromhold (to 31 Jul), Major Crawford B. Lawton

XO: Major Crawford B. Lawton (to 1 Aug), Major William E. Sperling, III

2nd Battalion

CO: Lieutenant Colonel Donn C. Hart (to 27 Jul), Major John F. Schoettel (WIA 27 Jul)

XO: Major Robert P. Felker

3rd Battalion

CO: Lieutenant Colonel Clair W. Shisler (WIA 27 Jul)

XO: Major Earl J. Cook

Southern portion (White Beaches):

4th Marine Regiment

Lieutenant Colonel Alan Shapley

Exec. Ofc.: Lieutenant Colonel Samuel D. Puller (KIA 27 Jul), Captain Charles T. Lamb

1st Battalion

CO: Major Bernard W. Green

XO: Major Robert S. Wade (temp. atchd.)

2nd Battalion

CO: Major John S. Messer

XO: Major Roy S. Batterton, Jr. (WIA 21 Jul), Captain Lincoln N. Holdzcom

3rd Battalion

CO: Major Hamilton M. Hoyler

XO: Major Hugh J. Chapman

UDTs 3 and 4

Floating reserve:

305th Regimental Combat Team (Army) (detached from 77th Inf. Div.)

Commanding Officer: Colonel V.J. Tanzola, USA

Other units:

9th Defense Battalion (Lieutenant Colonel Archie E. O'Neil)

14th Defense Battalion (Lieutenant Colonel William F. Parks)

Guam Island command

Major General Henry L. Larsen, USMC

Major General Henry L. Larsen ^[i]

Chief of Staff: Colonel Robert Blake

Personnel Officer (A-1): Colonel Lee N. Utz

Intelligence Officer (A-2): Colonel Francis H. Brink

Operations Officer (A-3): Colonel Benjamin W. Atkinson (to 8 Aug), Lieutenant Colonel Shelton C. Zern

Logistics Officer (A-4): Colonel James A. Mixson

Plans Officer (A-5): Colonel Charles I. Murray

1st Provisional Base Headquarters Battalion

Lieutenant Colonel Victor A. Barraco

Headquarters Company: 1st Lieutenant Emerson S. Clark, Jr.

Military Police Company: Captain Paul J. Swartz

5th Field Depot

Lieutenant Colonel Walter A. Churchill

Executive Officer: Lieutenant Colonel Patrick J. Haltigan, Jr.

Operations Officer: Major John W. Allen

Japanese forces

Japanese commanders on Guam

Lt. Gen. Takeshi Takashina

Lt. Gen. Hideyoshi Obata

Dead Japanese soldiers on Guam.

Overall command ^[3]
Lt. Gen. Takeshi Takashina (KIA 28 July)

Thirty-First Army ^[j]

Lt. Gen. Hideyoshi Obata (seppuku 11 August)

Approx. 19,000 officers and enlisted

29th Division (Lt. Gen. Takashina)

18th Infantry Regiment

38th Infantry Regiment

1st Tank Division

9th Tank Regiment

48th Independent Brigade

10th Independent Mixed Regiment

6th Expeditionary Force

Maj. Gen. Kiyoshi Shigematsu (KIA 26 July)

319th, 321st, 322nd, 820th Independent Infantry Battalions

Navy Land Units

Navy Air Service

Additional air defense, engineer, signals, etc., support elements

Notes

1. Commanded 3rd Marine Division on Iwo Jima.
2. Commanded 1st Marine Division on Okinawa.
3. Served as Assistant Commandant of the Marine Corps after the war.
4. Served as Commandant of the Marine Corps, 1975-1979
5. Less 305th RCT which was attached to the 1st Provisional Marine Brigade for this operation. ^[2]
6. Commanded 77th Division again during the capture of the island of Ie Shima during the Okinawa campaign.
7. Son of Lieutenant General Leslie J. McNair who had been killed by errant Allied bombs in France 12 days earlier.
8. Served as Commandant of the Marine Corps from 1952 through 1955.
9. Served as Governor of Guam after the war.
10. A Japanese army was equivalent to a Euro-American corps.

References

1. Morison 1953, pp. 418–420.
2. Rottman, p. 90
3. Rottman, p. 90

Bibliography

• Clark, George B. (2006). The Six Marine Divisions in the Pacific: Every Campaign of World War II. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland and Co. ISBN   978-0-7864-2769-7.
• Morison, Samuel Eliot (1953). New Guinea and the Marianas, March 1944 – August 1944. History of United States Naval Operations in World War II. Vol. VIII. Boston: Little, Brown and Co. LCCN   53-7298.
• Rottman, Gordon L. (2004). Guam 1941 & 1944: Loss and reconquest. Oxford: Osprey Publishing Ltd. ISBN   978-1-84176-811-3.