Tarlati was a member of the leading Ghibelline family of Arezzo, who were centered in their fief at Pietramala. In Arezzo, two aristocratic factions contended for domination, the Verdi and the Secchi, and when the latter gained control they had their leader, Guido Tarlati, Archpriest of the Pieve of S. Maria Aretina, elected bishop in 1312.[1]
The electoral meeting following the death of Bishop Ildebrandino (1289–1312) chose to proceed by the "Way of compromise" and elected two persons, both Canons of the cathedral, to make the selection. They chose Guido, and the rest of the electoral meeting concurred and ratified the election. Guido immediately accepted, and procurators were chosen to carry the record of the election to the Papal Court at Avignon. Pope Clement V appointed a committee of three cardinals to look into the election and the character of the candidate, and when a favorable report was received, he issued a confirmation of the election of Bishop Guido on 7 July 1312.[2]
He embarked on an activist program, building a wall around the city, and creating a new silver and copper currency.[3] His program also included military conquest; on his funeral monument appear the names of: Lusignano, Chiusi, Fronzoli, Castel Focognano, Rondina, Bucine, Caprese, Lacerina, and Monte Sansovino.
Tarlati also expanded the territories of Arezzo, and in 1323, with the collaboration of Francesco I Ordelaffi (Ghibelline lord of Forlì), he conquered Città di Castello. Arezzo's expansion caused however the deterioration of the relations with the Papal States, ending with the excommunication of Tarlati by Pope John XXII.
On 19 June 1325, Pope John XXII raised the commune of Cortona in the diocese of Arezzo to episcopal rank, as a reward for the fidelity of its Guelph populace. The diocese of Arezzo was greatly diminished in size. and Bishop Guido's spiritual powers terminated.[4] The papal bull refers to the once Bishop Guido, indicating that he had already been deposed. A month later, on 20 July 1325, Guido Tarlati de Petramala was excommunicated. Bishop Guido was replaced by an Apostolic Administrator, Boso Ubertini, the Provost of Arezzo. Boso was named Bishop of Arezzo on 5 December 1326. But Tarlati hindered Boso from carrying out his functions.[5]
The coronation of Emperor Louis IV by Bishop Tarlati
Tarlati's prestige as the leader in Tuscany of the Ghibelline party, however, was so high that German emperor Louis IV wanted to receive from him the Iron Crown. The coronation took place in Milan on 31 May 1327.
A short time before his death Tarlati reconciled with the Pope.[citation needed]
↑ Girolamo Mancini (1897). Cortona nel medio evo (in Italian). Firenze: G. Carnesecchi. p.97.Bullarum diplomatum IV, p. 313 column 1: "universitas Cortonae, quae hactenus de Aretina dioecesi existebat, sinistrae parlis non declinat in devium, nec suam ponit cum indevotis eiusdem Ecclesiae portionem, sed prono et prompto animo in eiusdem Ecclesiae obsequium totaliter se exponit."
↑ Noted by Joseph Archer Crowe and Giovanni Battista Cavalcaselle (1903), A History of Painting in Italy, Umbria, Florence and Siena... Volume II (London: John Murray), ch. V. "Giotto at Naples," p. 92 note 1.
Scharf, Gian Paolo G. (2014). "La lenta ascesa di una famiglia signorile i Tarlati di Pietramala prima del 1321". Archivio Storico Italiano. 172 (2 (640)): 203–248. JSTOR26226572.
Pope Alexander IV was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 12 December 1254 to his death.
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