Pope Celestine II, born Guido di Castello, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 26 September 1143 to his death in 1144.
Pope Stephen IX was the Bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States from 3 August 1057 to his death on 29 March 1058. He was a member of the Ardenne-Verdun family, who ruled the Duchy of Lorraine, and started his ecclesiastical career as a canon in Liège. He was invited to Rome by Pope Leo IX, who made him chancellor in 1051 and one of three legates to Constantinople in 1054. The failure of their negotiations with Patriarch Michael I Cerularius of Constantinople and Archbishop Leo of Ohrid led to the permanent East–West Schism. He continued as chancellor to the next pope, Victor II, and was elected abbot of the Benedictine monastery of Montecassino.
Pope Innocent II, born Gregorio Papareschi, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 14 February 1130 to his death in 1143. His election as Pope was controversial, and the first eight years of his reign were marked by a struggle for recognition against the supporters of Anacletus II. He reached an understanding with King Lothair III of Germany, who supported him against Anacletus, and whom he crowned as Holy Roman Emperor. Innocent went on to preside over the Second Council of the Lateran.
A papal conclave is a gathering of the College of Cardinals convened to elect a bishop of Rome, also known as the pope. Catholics consider the pope to be the apostolic successor of Saint Peter and the earthly head of the Catholic Church.
The Apostolic Chancery was a dicastery of the Roman Curia at the service of the pope. The principal and presiding official was the Grand Chancellor of the Holy Roman Church who was always the cardinal-priest of the Basilica di San Lorenzo in Damaso. The principal function of the office was to collect money to maintain the Papal army and to produce documents and correspondence for the pope. Pope Pius VII reformed the office when Emperor Napoleon I of France obviated the need for Papal armies. In the early 20th century the office collected money for missionary work. Pope Paul VI abolished the Apostolic Chancellary on 27 February 1973, transferring its functions to the Secretariat of State.
Boso was an Italian prelate and Cardinal of the Roman Catholic church.
Theodwin was a German cardinal and papal legate of the 12th century.
Jordan was a Carthusian monk, created Cardinal Deacon by Pope Lucius II in December 1144 and then Cardinal Priest of Santa Susanna by Eugene III on 21 December 1145. He is often referred to as a member of the Roman family of the Orsini, but more recent research concludes that he was probably a Frenchman. He served as Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church under Eugene III and subscribed the papal bulls between 9 January 1145 and 11 June 1154.
Étienne de Bar, sometimes Stephen of Bar, was a French cardinal and nephew of Pope Calixtus II.
Pietro (Papareschi?) was an Italian born in Italy cardinal created by Pope Innocent II on 17 September 1143. He is often referred to as brother of Innocent II and member of the Roman family of Papareschi but this is not attested in the contemporary sources. He signed the papal bulls as Cardinal-Bishop of Albano between 9 December 1143 and 28 April 1145. He participated in the papal elections in September 1143, March 1144 and February 1145. He died after April 1145.
Imar, O.S.B. Cluny was a French Benedictine abbot, who served as a bishop and cardinal.
Hugh or Hugo was a French Cistercian and Cardinal. He was born probably in the diocese of Beauvais and entered the order of Cistercians in Clairvaux. In 1147 he became abbot of Trois-Fontaines. Pope Eugenius III created him Cardinal-Bishop of Ostia in the consistory celebrated probably in December 1151. He subscribed the papal bulls between 29 December 1151 and 24 January 1155 and participated in the papal election, 1153 and papal election, 1154. He corresponded with Bernard of Clairvaux. Cistercians venerated him as blessed.
The 1153 papal election followed the death of Pope Eugene III and resulted in the election of Pope Anastasius IV.
The 1143 papal election followed the death of Pope Innocent II and resulted in the election of Pope Celestine II.
The 1144 papal election followed the death of Pope Celestine II and resulted in the election of Pope Lucius II.
The 1145 papal election followed the death of Pope Lucius II and resulted in the election of Pope Eugene III, the first pope of the Order of Cistercians.
Pope Lucius II (1144–1145) created eleven cardinals in two consistories.
Guido Pisano was a prelate and diplomat from Pisa. He probably belonged to the family of the counts of Caprona, and was promoted to the College of Cardinals and appointed to the deaconry of Santi Cosma e Damiano by Pope Innocent II on 4 March 1132.
Graziano da Pisa was a cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He was a native of Pisa, and the nephew of Pope Eugenius III (1145-1153). He had studied law in Bologna, and held the rank of Magister. He was a prominent official in the papal chancery, and an accomplished papal diplomat.
Jonathan was a Roman Catholic cardinal who played a major role in two divisive papal elections.
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