Guillaume d'Aure

Last updated
Cardinal

Guillaume d'Aure
Cardinal-Priest
Cardinal galero with fiocchi.svg
Church S. Stefano in Monte Celio (1338-1353)
Orders
Created cardinal18 December 1338
by Pope Benedict XII
Personal details
BornToulouse
Died3 December 1353
Avignon FR
BuriedAbbey of Montolieu FR
NationalityFrench
ParentsDodon, Count of Comminges
Bertrande, Countess d'Aure
OccupationBenedictine monk
EducationDoctorate in Canon and Civil Law

Guillaume d'Aure, OSB, was born in Toulouse, France and died on 3 December 1353 in Avignon. He was a French Benedictine monk and Cardinal. He was the son of Bernard VII Dodon, Count of Comminges, and Bertrande, Countess d'Aure, daughter of Arnaud, Vicomte de l'Arboust. [1] He had a brother, Raymond Roger d'Aure. [2]

Contents

Biography

Abbot

Guillaume began his religious life by taking the Benedictine habit, professing his vows, and living for a number of years in the Abbey of Lézat. [3] The Abbey lay in the ancient diocese of Toulouse, some thirty miles south of the city. [4] Later, after an ecclesiastical reorganization in the diocese of Rieux. [5] Lézat became a dependency of the abbey of Moissat. In 1326, Guillaume became Abbot of the monastery of Aynai (Athanacum) in Lyon (1326-1330). [6] He took a degree as Doctor in utroque iure (Civil Law and Canon Law). He was named Abbot of the Abbey of Montolieu (Montis Olivi) in the diocese of Carcassonne in 1333, by appointment of Pope John XXII. [7]

Benedict XII gave Abbot Guillaume and five other abbots, all Doctors in utroque iure, the task of drawing up the new statutes for the reform of the Order of St. Benedict. The revised statutes were published by Benedict XII on 20 June 1336. [8] In 1338, Guillaume and Bertrand de Deaulx, Archbishop of Embrun, were named Assessors by Pope Benedict XII to arbitrate the case between the Bishop of Maguelone and the University of Montpellier. The University had drawn up some new statutes, which (the Bishop believed) infringed his traditional rights as bishop of the diocese in which the University was situated. The two arbitrators were unable to reach a solution at the time when both were elevated to the cardinalate. Cardinal Bertrand in 1339 imposed a settlement, in favor of the bishop. [9] When Guillaume became a cardinal, he was succeeded as Abbot of Montolieu by his brother Raymond Roger (died 7 November 1347), who had also been a monk at Lézat. [10]

Cardinal

Abbot Guillaume was one of six prelates who were created cardinals by Pope Benedict XII in the Consistory of 18 December 1338, the only occasion on which Pope Benedict created cardinals. Three of the new cardinals were present, including Cardinal Guillaume. [11] He was assigned the titular church of S. Stefano in Monte Celio in January 1339. [12]

Benefices

On 16 February 1339, Cardinal Guillaume was granted the Priory of Podioleni (a dependency of the Abbey of Cluny) in the diocese of Orange, the Priory of Cenaco (a dependency of the Abbey of Moissac) in the diocese of Sarlat, the Priory of Saint Marcel de Sauseto in the diocese of Valence, the Priory of Saint Georges de Didonia in the diocese of Saintes, and the Priory of Chadalion in the diocese of Clermont. On 16 March he was granted the Priory of Grassaco in the diocese of Le Puy. [13] These benefices were intended to provide sufficient income for him to maintain the position of a cardinal in the Papal Court in Avignon. On 2 June 1339 the Cardinal was granted the right to make a Last Will and Testament.

In July 1340 Cardinal Guillaume was serving as Auditor (Judge) by special appointment of Benedict XII in the case of the disputed election in the monastery of Saint Bavo of Gand in the diocese of Tournay. [14] On 16 May 1341, Cardinal Guillaume and Cardinal Bertrand de Deaulx were handed the case of an appeal against unjust sentences imposed by several church officials against persons in Lombardy. [15]

Conclaves

Cardinal d'Aure participated in the Conclave of 1342, following the death of Benedict XII on 25 April. Eighteen cardinals participated in the Conclave, fourteen of whom were French, three Italian, and one Spanish. Four of the cardinals belonged to religious orders. The Conclave began in the Apostolic Palace in Avignon on Sunday, 5 May 1342, and ended two days later, on 7 May, with the election of Cardinal Pierre Roger, who was crowned as Pope Clement VI on Pentecost Sunday, 19 May, in the Dominican Church in Avignon. In attendance were Prince John, the heir of King Philip VI of France and Duke of Normandy; Jacques, the Duke of Bourbon; Philip, the Duke of Burgundy; and Imbert, the Dauphin of Vienne. [16]

On 12 July 1343, Cardinal d'Aure, with a certain amount of nostalgia, presented his old monastic home, the Abbey of Lésat, a silver-gilt cross, adorned with his arms, weighing some fourteen marks; a silver chalice with a gilded paten; two gilded silver ewers, weighing some fifteen marks; and two hundred gold florins, to be converted into rental property which should bring in ten livres Tournois. He asked the Abbey to institute two anniversary commemorations on 20 December and 22 March, which were to be converted into Requiem Masses after his death. [17]

Death, tomb, testament

Pope Clement VI died in Avignon on 6 December 1352, the Feast of St. Nicholas. Guillaume d'Aure and twenty-five other cardinals took part in the Conclave of 1352, which began on Sunday 16 December. On the morning of Tuesday 18 December, they elected the Limousin Cardinal Étienne Aubert, who was crowned on Sunday, 30 December as Innocent VI.

Cardinal Guillaume d'Aure died less than a year later, on 3 December 1353. He was buried in the Abbey of Montolieu in the middle of the choir, with an image of him on the tomb cover. The monument was destroyed by the Huguenots. [18]

Related Research Articles

Pope Clement VI Head of the Catholic Church (1342–1352)

Pope Clement VI, born Pierre Roger, was head of the Catholic Church from 7 May 1342 to his death in 1352. He was the fourth Avignon pope. Clement reigned during the first visitation of the Black Death (1348–1350), during which he granted remission of sins to all who died of the plague.

Pope Urban V Pope and bishop of Rome from 1362 to 1370

Pope Urban V, born Guillaume de Grimoard, was the head of the Catholic Church from 28 September 1362 until his death in 1370 and was also a member of the Order of Saint Benedict. He was the only Avignon pope to be beatified.

Gui de Maillesec

Guy de Malsec was a French bishop and cardinal. He was born at the family's fief at Malsec (Maillesec), in the diocese of Tulle. He had two sisters, Berauda and Agnes, who both became nuns at the Monastery of Pruliano (Pruilly) in the diocese of Carcassonne, and two nieces Heliota and Florence, who became nuns at the Monastery of S. Prassede in Avignon. He was a nephew of Pope Gregory XI, or perhaps a more distant relative. He was also a nephew of Pope Innocent VI. Guy was baptized in the church of S. Privatus, some 30 km southeast of Tulle. He played a part in the election of Benedict XIII of the Avignon Obedience in 1394, in his status as second most senior cardinal. He played an even more prominent role in Benedict's repudiation and deposition. Guy de Malsec was sometimes referred to as the 'Cardinal of Poitiers' (Pictavensis) or the 'Cardinal of Palestrina' (Penestrinus).

Hélie de Talleyrand-Périgord (cardinal)

Hélie de Talleyrand-Périgord was a French Cardinal, from one of the most aristocratic families in Périgord, south-west France. Hélie was born at Périgueux, third son of Elias VII, Count of Périgord, and Brunissende of Foix, daughter of Roger Bernard III, comte de Foix. His elder brothers were Archambaud (IV), who inherited the County, and Roger-Bernard ; his younger brother was Fortanier, and his sisters were Agnes, Jeanne, Marguerite, and Rosemburge. As a third son Hélie was destined for an ecclesiastical career. His brother, Roger Bernard, too, had an ecclesiastical career, becoming Canon of Lyon. But then, the eldest son died, and Roger-Bernard became the Count of Périgord. Hélie became a major figure in the Avignon papacy, and also a diplomat engaged in the negotiations of the Hundred Years' War, having friendships in both English and French royal families. In his last months he had been appointed Papal Legate for a crusade against the Turks.

François Guillaume de Castelnau-Clermont-Ludève

François Guillaume de Castelnau de Clermont-Lodève (1480–1541) was a French diplomat and Cardinal. He was the son of Pierre-Tristan, Seigneur de Clermont et de Clermont-Lodève and Vicomte de Nébouzan, and Catherine d'Amboise. His father was a member of the Order of Saint Michael. François' grandmother had been heiress of Dieudonné Guillaume de Clermont. He had an elder brother, Pierre de Castelnau, who was heir to the family estates. François was also the nephew of Cardinal Georges d'Amboise (1498-1510), who was largely responsible for François' swift rise to prominence in the Church. Cardinal d'Amboise had been Archbishop of Narbonne from 1491 to 1494.

Roman Catholic Diocese of Pamiers

The Roman Catholic Diocese of Pamiers, Couserans, and Mirepoix is a diocese of the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church in southern France. The diocese comprises the department of Ariège and is suffragan to the Archdiocese of Toulouse. The diocese of Pamiers is divided into five Deaneries: Pamiers, Foix, Haut-Ariège, Couserans, and Pays-d'Olmes-Mirapoix. The episcopal see is the Cathedral of Saint Antoninus in the city of Pamiers, and the current bishop is Jean-Marc Eychenne, appointed on 17 December 2014.

Pierre Desprès

Pierre Desprès (1288–1361) was a French Cardinal during the period of the Avignon Papacy.

Arnaud de Villemur O.Can.S.A. was a cardinal of the Catholic Church. He was bishop of Pamiers, France.

Andouin Aubert

Audouin Aubert was a French jurist, bishop and Cardinal.

Guy of Boulogne

Guy of Boulogne was a statesman and cardinal who served the Avignon Papacy for 33 years. He participated in the papal conclaves of 1352, 1362 and 1370, and was the Subdean of the Sacred College of Cardinals. His diplomatic postings were extensive, including Hungary, Italy, and Spain. He headed an effort to end the Hundred Years' War. The historian Kenneth Setton called him "one of the commanding figures of his day, and the letters of Petrarch abound with references to him".

Pope Benedict XII created six new cardinals in one consistory celebrated on 18 December 1338:

  1. Gozzio Battaglia, patriarch of Constantinople – cardinal-priest of S. Prisca, † 10 June 1348
  2. Bertrand de Déaulx, archbishop of Embrun – cardinal-priest of S. Marco, then cardinal-bishop of Sabina, † 21 October 1355
  3. Pierre Roger, O.S.B., archbishop of Rouen – cardinal-priest of SS. Nereo ed Achilleo, became Pope Clement VI on 7 May 1342, † 6 December 1352
  4. Guillaume de Court, O.Cist., bishop of Albi – cardinal-priest of SS. IV Coronati, then cardinal-bishop of Tusculum, † 12 June 1361
  5. Bernard d'Albi, bishop of Rodez – cardinal-priest of S. Ciriaco alle Terme, then cardinal-bishop of Porto e Santa Rufina, † 23 November 1350
  6. Guillaume d'Aure, O.S.B., abbot of Montolieu – cardinal-priest of S. Stefano al Monte Celio, † 3 December 1353
Gaillard de la Mothe

Gaillard de La Mothe was a fourteenth-century prelate and Cardinal, of Gascon extraction. Gaillard was born towards the end of the 13th century, either in Toulouse or Bordeaux, and died in Avignon on 20 December 1356. He was the son of Amanieu Levieux de La Motte, seigneur of Roquetaillade. His mother was Elips (Alix) de Got, daughter of Arnaud-Garsale de Got, brother of Bertrand de Got. He was therefore a nephew of Pope Clement V. Gaillard had a brother, Bertrand. Another uncle, his father's brother, Guillaume de la Mothe, was Bishop of Bazas from 1303-1313, when he was transferred to Saintes, and again from 1318 to 1319.

Nicolas de Besse

Nicolas de Besse was born in the diocese of Limoges, in 1322. He was a French bishop and Cardinal. He was the son of Jacques de Besse, Seigneur de Bellefaye and Almodie (Delphine) Roger, sister of Pope Clement VI. He had a brother Pierre de Besse, who became Seigneur de Bellefaye and who married Margueritte de Thiers. Nicolas de Besse died in Rome on 5 November 1369.

Imbert du Puy French Cardinal of the fourteenth century

Imbert du Puy was a French Cardinal of the fourteenth century. He was a nephew of Pope John XXII.

Bernard dAlbi

Bernard d'Albi, was born at Saverdun in the diocese of Pamiers in the Pyrenees foothills, south of Toulouse, and died on 23 November 1350 at Avignon. He was a French cardinal of the 14th century.

Bertrand de Déaulx

Bertrand de Déaulx was a French bishop, diplomat and Cardinal. He was born, perhaps around 1290, in Castrum de Blandiaco in the diocese of Uzès; or in Déaulx. He died in Avignon in 1355. Trained as a lawyer and teacher of law, he practiced in the papal courts, and became an arbitrator and diplomat for the Papacy. He had several assignments in Italy and one in Catalonia. He was responsible for the reorganization of the University of Montpellier and the granting of revised charters.

Pasteur de Sarrats

Pasteur de Sarrats was a French Franciscan friar, bishop and Cardinal. He was born in the village of Aubenas in the Vivarais, or he took his monastic vows in the monastery of Aubenas. Pasteur may have had a brother. A bull of Benedict XII, dated 13 April 1337, grants the parish church of S. Martin de Valle Gorgia in the diocese of Viviers to Pierre de Serraescuderio, Canon of Viviers since 1333, who held a parish of S. Pierre de Melon in the diocese of Uzès. Pasteur died in Avignon in 1356.

Raymond de Canillac

Raymond de Canillac was a French lawyer, bishop, and cardinal. He was born at Roche de Canilhac, the family castle, in the diocese of Mende in the Gevaudan in central France, the son of Guillaume de Canillac and a sister of Cardinal Bertrand de Déaulx. Both of his uncles, Pons and Guy, were successively abbots of Aniane, as was a nephew of the Cardinal, also called Pons. In 1345 his niece Garine, the daughter of his brother Marquis and of Alixène de Poitiers-Valentinois, married Guillaume Roger, Vicount of Beaufort, the brother of Cardinal Pierre Roger de Beaufort, who became Pope Clement VI. Raymond became a member of the Canons Regular of Saint Augustine (CRSA). He studied law at the University of Montpellier, and obtained the degree of Doctor in utroque iure.

Pierre de Thury

Pierre de Thury was a French bishop and cardinal of the Avignon Obedience, who served as a royal secretary and Master of Requests, and then as papal Nuncio and Apostolic Legate on several occasions. He participated in two papal elections, those of 1394 and 1409, and was a prominent member of the Council of Pisa in 1409.

Pierre Girard (cardinal)

Pierre Girard was born in the commune of Saint-Symphorien-sur-Coise, in the Department of Rhone, once in the ancient County of Forez. He died in Avignon on 9 November 1415. He was Bishop of Lodeve and then Bishop of Le Puy. He was a cardinal of the Avignon Obedience during the Great Western Schism, and was promoted to the Bishopric of Tusculum (Frascati). His principal work, however, was as a courtier and administrator at Avignon, and as a papal diplomat.

References

  1. ↑ Du Chesne, Histoire, p. 488.
  2. ↑ Mahul, M. (1857). Cartulaire et archives des communes de l'ancien diocèse et de l'arrondissement administratif de Carcassonne (in French and Latin). Vol. I. Didron. p. 107.
  3. ↑ Du Chesne, Preuves, p. 582, from the pen of Guillaume himself.
  4. ↑ Ch Le Palenc; Paul Dognon (1899). Lézat: sa coutume, son consulat (in French). Toulouse: É. Privat. pp. vii–xiii.
  5. ↑ J. M. Vidal, "Documents sur les origines de la province ecclésiastique de Toulouse (1295-1318), Annales de Saint-Louis-des-Français: publication trimestrielle des études et travaux des chapelains (in French and Latin). Vol. 5. Rome-Paris: St. Louis-des-Français. 1900. pp. 93-164, at 100-103.
  6. ↑ Benedictines of Saint-Maure, Gallia christiana IV (Paris 1728), pp. 233-238.
  7. ↑ Gallia christiana Vol. VI, pp. 991-993.
  8. ↑ J.-M. Vidal, Benoît XII. Lettres communes I (Paris: Fontemoing 1903), p. 367, no. 3796. Cl. Devic and J. Vaissete p. 480.
  9. ↑ Cl. Devic; J. Vaissete (1885). Histoire générale de Languedoc avec notes et pièces justificatives (in French). Vol. Tome IX. Toulouse: Privat. p. 478.
  10. ↑ J.-M. Vidal, Benoît XII. Lettres communes II (Paris 1910), p. 130, no. 6527 (13 February 1339).
  11. ↑ J.-M. Vidal, Benoît XII (1334-1342), Lettres communes II (Paris 1910), p. 430.
  12. ↑ Eubel, p. 17 and 47. He was never Cardinal Bishop of Tusculum, which notion is a confusion of Alfonso Chacon, with Guillaume de Curte, OSB.
  13. ↑ J.-M. Vidal, II (Paris 1910), p. 138, no. 6604-6608; 6650.
  14. ↑ J.-M. Vidal, Benoît XII. Lettres communes II, p. 279, no. 8118.
  15. ↑ Vidal, II, p. 393, no. 9143.
  16. ↑ Baluze (1693), I, pp. 267-268 and 283.
  17. ↑ Du Chesne, Histoire, p. 489; Preuves, p. 582.
  18. ↑ Mahul, p. 107.

Bibliography

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.