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Andorra, officially the Principality of Andorra, is a sovereign landlocked country on the Iberian Peninsula, in the eastern Pyrenees in Western Europe, bordered by France to the north and Spain to the south. Believed to have been created by Charlemagne, Andorra was ruled by the count of Urgell until 988, when it was transferred to the Roman Catholic Diocese of Urgell. The present principality was formed by a charter in 1278. It is currently headed by two co-princes: the Bishop of Urgell in Catalonia, Spain, and the president of France. Its capital and largest city is Andorra la Vella.
Andorra, officially the Principality of Andorra, also called the Principality of the Valleys of Andorra, is a sovereign landlocked microstate in southwestern Europe, located in the eastern Pyrenees mountain range and is bordered by Spain and France.
La Seu d'Urgell is a town located in Alt Urgell county in Alt Pirineu, Catalonia, Spain. The town is also the head of its judicial district and the seat of the Bishop of Urgell, one of the co-princes of Andorra. It is located the most populated town of the region, with 17.4% of its population. La Seu d'Urgell and Puigcerdà together have 30% of the population of the area.
Joan-Enric Vives i Sicília is a Spanish prelate of the Catholic Church who has served as Bishop of Urgell and ex officio Co-Prince of Andorra since 2003. He has had the personal title of archbishop since 2019.
Joan Martí i Alanis was a former Bishop of Urgell and hence former co-Prince of Andorra. He was Bishop of Urgell from 1971 to 2003. He was a co-signatory, along with François Mitterrand, of Andorra's new constitution in 1993.
The Diocese of Urgell is a Latin Church diocese of the Catholic Church in Catalonia (Spain) and the Principality of Andorra in the historical County of Urgell, with origins in the fifth century AD or possibly earlier. It is based in the region of the historical Catalan County of Urgell, though it has different borders. The seat and Cathedral of the bishop are situated in la Seu d'Urgell town. The state of Andorra is a part of this diocese.
The national flag of Andorra features a vertical tricolour of blue, yellow, and red with the coat of arms of Andorra in the center. Although the three vertical bars may at first appear to be of equal width, the centre yellow bar is slightly wider than the other two so that the ratio of bar widths is 8:9:8 with an overall flag ratio of 7:10.
The coat of arms of Andorra is the heraldic device consisting of a shield divided quarterly by the arms of the Bishop of Urgell and the Count of Foix – who have historically been the two co-princes of Andorra – in addition to the emblems of Catalonia and the Viscount of Béarn. Utilized unofficially since the Middle Ages, its status as the coat of arms of the Principality of Andorra was formalized in 1993 upon the implementation of their new constitution. The escutcheon is featured on the flag of Andorra.
The co-princes of Andorra are jointly the heads of state of the Principality of Andorra, a landlocked microstate lying in the Pyrenees between France and Spain. Founded in 1278 by a treaty between the bishop of Urgell and the Count of Foix, this unique diarchical arrangement has persisted through the Middle Ages to the present. Currently, the bishop of Urgell and the president of France serve as Andorra's co-princes, following the transfer of the count of Foix's claims to the Crown of France and, subsequently, to the head of state of the French Republic. Each co-prince appoints a personal representative, the Bishop co-prince is currently being represented by Josep Maria Mauri and the French co-prince by Patrick Strzoda.
Ramón Malla i Call was Bishop of Lleida. From 1969 until 1971 he was Apostolic Administrator of the Diocese of Urgell during a sede vacante and therefore acting Episcopal Co-Prince of Andorra. He was born in La Seu d'Urgell, Catalonia. He was ordained as priest on 16 December 1948, in Salamanca. On 24 July 1968 he was consecrated bishop of Lleida. On 19 December 1999 he became Emeritus Bishop.
Ramón Iglesias i Navarri was a Spanish Roman Catholic bishop. He was the Bishop of Urgell and Episcopal Co-Prince of Andorra from 4 April 1943, until 29 April 1969. During World War II, he helped to keep Andorra neutral and strongly promoted a Spanish influence in the principality. It is during his time that tourism was developed. Navarri was ordained priest on 14 July 1912, at the age of 23.
Justí Guitart i Vilardebó was the Bishop of Urgell and Episcopal Co-Prince of Andorra from 1920 until his death in 1940.
The Catholic Church in Andorra is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome.
Roger-Bernard III was the Count of Foix from 1265 to his death. He was the son of Roger IV of Foix and Brunissende of Cardona. He entered into conflicts with both Philip III of France and Peter III of Aragon, who held him in captivity for a time. He was nevertheless a distinguished poet and troubadour.
Salvador Casañas y Pagés was a Spanish cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as Bishop of Barcelona from 1901 until his death, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1895.
Andorra and France are members of the Council of Europe, Organisation internationale de la Francophonie and the United Nations. The two share a head of state, as the president of France is one of the co-princes of Andorra.
The Lord of Caboet was a nobleman who was called upon by the Bishop of Urgell to provide military protection of Andorra after Count Borrell II of Urgell gave the Andorran valleys to the Diocese of Urgell in 988 in exchange for land in Cerdanya. In 1095, the lord of Caboet and the bishop of Urgell signed under oath a declaration of their co-sovereignty over Andorra. The male line of Caboet died out with Arnau de Caboet in 1201 or 1203, and so the rule passed to his daughter Arnalda. The bishop of Urgell arranged for Arnalda to marry Bertran de Tarascó, after whose death she married the Viscount Arnau of Castellbó. Upon the death of Bernat, who was Arnalda's son from her first marriage, her daughter Ermessenda de Castellbó became heir, and when she married Roger-Bernard II, Count of Foix, the co-principate of Andorra passed to the Count of Foix.
Pere d'Urtx was Bishop of Urgell from 1269 to 1293. He became the first Episcopal Co-Prince of Andorra when he signed the paréage establishing joint-sovereignty over the territory with Roger-Bernard III, Count of Foix in 1278.
Francisco de Urríes or Francisco de Verreis was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Urgell (1534–1551), Co-prince of Andorra and Bishop of Patti (1518–1534).
Sisebut was bishop of Urgell from 823 until his death.
References
- ↑ Geografía general de Catalunya: Provincia de Lleyda, Ceferí Rocafort (in Catalan). Albert Martin. 1913. p. 486. Retrieved 22 October 2024.
- ↑ Taylor, Barry (1993). Andorra. Clio Press. p. XXVIII. ISBN 978-1-85109-211-6 . Retrieved 22 October 2024.
- ↑ "Guillermo de Moncada | Real Academia de la Historia". dbe.rah.es. Retrieved 22 October 2024.
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