Gwriad ap Merfyn or ap Rhodri was a 9th-century prince of Gwynedd in northern Wales. He is an obscure figure, sometimes being listed as Rhodri the Great's brother and sometimes as his son.
The Chronicle of the Princes' entry for AD 873 reads:
The action on Sunday in Mona, in which Rhodri and his brother Gwriad [1] and Gweirydd son of Owain of Glamorgan were killed by the Saxons; and then the women of Anglesey took arms and rushed upon the Saxons and slaughtered them grievously until they were obliged to flee. [2]
Similarly, the 877 entry for The Kings of the English reads "Rhodri and Gwriad his brother..." [3]
Other sources, however, record a Gwriad ap Rhodri as the progenitor of the "men of Nant Mawr in Twrcelyn" on Anglesey [4] or list him among the children of Rhodri Mawr. As the lesser figures of these lists of children vary both in name and number from source to source, it is possible this Gwriad was simply created to link other genealogies to Rhodri. [5]
Owain ap Gruffudd was King of Gwynedd, North Wales, from 1137 until his death in 1170, succeeding his father Gruffudd ap Cynan. He was called Owain the Great and the first to be styled "Prince of Wales". He is considered to be the most successful of all the North Welsh princes prior to his grandson, Llywelyn the Great. He became known as Owain Gwynedd to distinguish him from the contemporary king of Powys Wenwynwyn, Owain ap Gruffydd ap Maredudd, who became known as Owain Cyfeiliog.
Hywel Dda, sometimes anglicised as Howel the Good, or Hywel ap Cadell was a king of Deheubarth who eventually came to rule most of Wales. He became the sole king of Seisyllwg in 920 and shortly thereafter established Deheubarth, and proceeded to gain control over the entire country from Prestatyn to Pembroke. As a descendant of Rhodri Mawr through his father Cadell, Hywel was a member of the Dinefwr branch of the dynasty. He was recorded as King of the Britons in the Annales Cambriæ and the Annals of Ulster.
Rhodri ap Merfyn, later known as Rhodri the Great, succeeded his father, Merfyn Frych, as King of Gwynedd in 844. Rhodri annexed Powys c. 856 and Seisyllwg c. 871. He is called "King of the Britons" by the Annals of Ulster. In some later histories, he is referred to as "King of Wales", although the title is anachronistic and his realm did not include southern Wales.
The Kingdom of Gwynedd was a Welsh kingdom and a Roman Empire successor state that emerged in sub-Roman Britain in the 5th century during the Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain.
Cynan Dindaethwy or Cynan ap Rhodri was a king of Gwynedd in Wales in the Early Middle Ages. Cynan was the son of Rhodri Molwynog and ascended to the throne of Gwynedd upon the death of King Caradog ap Meirion in 798. His epithet refers to the commote of Dindaethwy in the cantref Rhosyr. Unlike later kings of Gwynedd, usually resident at Aberffraw in western Anglesey, Cynan maintained his court at Llanfaes on the southeastern coast. Cynan's reign was marked by a destructive dynastic power struggle with a rival named Hywel, usually supposed to be his brother.
Merfyn Frych, also known as Merfyn ap Gwriad and Merfyn Camwri, was King of Gwynedd from around 825 to 844, the first of its kings known not to have descended from the male line of Cunedda.
Anarawd ap Rhodri was a King of Gwynedd, referenced as "King of the Britons" in the Annales Cambriae.
Hywel ap Rhodri Molwynog as he was improperly called due to lack of knowledge of the genealogies by men like John Edward Lloyd, but in fact was Hywel ap Caradog was King of Gwynedd. He rose to power following a destructive dynastic struggle in which he deposed his cousin, King Cynan Dindaethwy ap Rhodri. During Hywel's reign Gwynedd's power was largely confined to Anglesey. It was a time of substantial territorial loss to Mercia.
Merfyn ap Rhodri was a late 9th-century Aberffraw prince of Gwynedd. He is sometimes credited with ruling Powys after the death of his father Rhodri the Great in AD 878. In the accounts where he is credited as a king, he is reported to have lost his realm to an invasion by his brother Cadell, King of Ceredigion. Merfyn's death may be connected to the incursion into Anglesey by the Viking Ingimundr in the first decade of the 10th century.
The House of Aberffraw was a cadet branch of the Kingdom of Gwynedd originating from the sons of Rhodri the Great in the 9th century. Establishing the Royal court of the Aberffraw Commote would begin a new location from which to rule Wales. The cadet branch achieved the recognised title of Prince of Wales, and were sometimes named King of Aberffraw.
Gwgon ap Meurig was a 9th-century king of Ceredigion and Ystrad Tywi in southwest Wales.
Ffernfael ab Idwal or Ithel was a late 8th-century king of Gwent in southeast Wales.
The Chronicle of the Saxons is a Welsh-language chronicle running from 683 to 1197. One manuscript attributes it to Caradog of Llancarfan. It appears to consist primarily of passages of the Chronicle of the Princes and the Annals of Winchester, with other minor sources as well.
Rhodri ab Idwal was a 10th-century prince of Gwynedd from the royal dynasty of Aberffraw.
Hyfaidd ap Bleddri was a king of Dyfed.
Owain ap Hywel was a king of Glywysing and Gwent in southeastern Wales.
Meurig ap Hywel was a 9th-century prince of Gwent in southeastern Wales.