Related Research Articles
Obadiah is a biblical theophorical name, meaning "servant or slave of Yahweh" or "worshiper of Yahweh." The form of Obadiah's name used in the Septuagint is Obdios. In Latin it is translated as Abdias while in Arabic it is either ʿAbdullah, Ubaydah (عبيده), or Ubaidullah (عبیدالله) "Slave of God". The Bishops' Bible refers to the prophet as Abdi.
The Valley of Salt, valley of saltpits, valley of Saltpits, or vale of saltpits is a place where it is said David smote the Arameans. This valley is between Judah and Edom on the south of the Dead Sea. Hence some interpreters suggest the phrase, "and he smote Edom," instead of the "Arameans" in the above text. This confusion may be due to the Hebrew word Edom אדם being similar to the word Aram ארם. In Hebrew, the resh "ר" and the daleth "ד" are very similar and easily confused if not written carefully. It is conjectured that while David was leading his army against the Ammonites and Arameans, the Edomites invaded the south of Judah, and that David sent Joab or Abishai against them, who drove them back and finally subdued Edom.
Hadad, Adad, Haddad or Iškur (Sumerian) was the storm and rain god in the Canaanite and ancient Mesopotamian religions. He was attested in Ebla as "Hadda" in c. 2500 BCE. From the Levant, Hadad was introduced to Mesopotamia by the Amorites, where he became known as the Akkadian (Assyrian-Babylonian) god Adad. Adad and Iškur are usually written with the logogram 𒀭𒅎dIM—the same symbol used for the Hurrian god Teshub. Hadad was also called Pidar, Rapiu, Baal-Zephon, or often simply Baʿal (Lord), but this title was also used for other gods. The bull was the symbolic animal of Hadad. He appeared bearded, often holding a club and thunderbolt while wearing a bull-horned headdress. Hadad was equated with the Greek god Zeus; the Roman god Jupiter, as Jupiter Dolichenus; the Hittite storm-god Teshub; the Egyptian god Set.
Amaziah of Judah, was the ninth king of Judah and the son and successor of Joash. His mother was Jehoaddan and his son was Uzziah. He took the throne at the age of 25, after the assassination of his father, and reigned for 29 years,, 24 years of which were with the co-regency of his son. The second Book of Kings and the second Book of Chronicles in the Hebrew Bible consider him a righteous king, but with some hesitation. He is praised for killing the assassins of his father only and sparing their children, as dictated by the law of Moses.
Hadadezer ; also known as Adad-Idri, and possibly the same as Bar-Hadad II (Aram.) or Ben-Hadad II (Heb.), was the king of Aram Damascus between 865 and 842 BC.
The Kingdom of Aram-Damascus was an Aramean state around Damascus in Syria, from the late 12th century BC to 732 BC.
Naaman the Aramean was a commander of the armies of Ben-Hadad II, the king of Aram-Damascus, in the time of Joram, king of Israel.
Qos also Qaus, or Koze was the national god of the Edomites. He was the Idumean rival of Yahweh, and structurally parallel to him. The name occurs only twice in the Old Testament in the Book of Ezra and Nehemiah as an element in a personal name, Barqos, referring to the 'father' of a family or clan of perhaps Edomite/Idumaean nĕtînîm or temple helpers returning from the Babylonian exile. Outside the Bible, Qos is frequently invoked in names found on documents recovered from excavations in Elephantine, where a mixed population of Arabs, Jews and Idumeans lived under the protection of a Persian-Mesopotamian garrison.
Avith ("ruin") was an Edomite city. It was the capital of the Edomite king Hadad ben Bedad. According to the Bible, Hadad ben Bedad was one of the kings of Edom before there were kings in Israel, that is, before the coronation of Saul. Avith is mentioned only twice in the Hebrew Bible: in a list of Edomite kings in Genesis, and in a copy of the same list found in Chronicles. Its location is unknown but presumably it was in what is now southern Israel or Jordan.
Hadad, son of Bedad (בְּדַד), was a king of Edom mentioned in the Bible, in Genesis 36:31-43. He succeeded Husham in the apparently elective kingship of the Edomites. He is described as having moved the capital of Edom to Avith, and of defeating the Midianites in Moab. He was succeeded by Samlah of Masrekah.
Multiple biblical characters with the name Hadad (Hadar) existed.
The Herodian dynasty was a royal dynasty of Idumaean (Edomite) descent, ruling the Herodian Kingdom and later the Herodian Tetrarchy, as a vassal state of the Roman Empire. The Herodian dynasty began with Herod the Great, who assumed the throne of Judea, with Roman support, bringing down the century long Hasmonean Kingdom. His kingdom lasted until his death in 4 BCE, when it was divided between his sons as a Tetrarchy, which lasted for about 10 years. Most of those tetrarchies, including Judea proper, were incorporated into Judaea Province from 6 CE, though limited Herodian de facto kingship continued until Agrippa I's death in 44 CE and nominal title of kingship continued until 92 CE, when the last Herodian monarch, Agrippa II, died and Rome assumed full power over his de jure domain.
Aram is a son of Shem, according to the Table of Nations in Genesis 10 of the Hebrew Bible, and the father of Uz, Hul, Gether and Mash or Meshech. The Book of Chronicles lists Aram, Uz, Hul, Gether, and Meshech as descendants of Shem, although without stating explicitly that Aram is the father of the other four.
Edom was an ancient kingdom in Transjordan located between Moab to the northeast, the Arabah to the west, and the Arabian Desert to the south and east. Most of its former territory is now divided between present-day southern Israel and Jordan. Edom appears in written sources relating to the late Bronze Age and to the Iron Age in the Levant.
Hezion was a king of Aram Damascus according to the genealogy given in the Books of Kings, where Ben-Hadad I is said to be the “son of Tabrimmon, the son of Hezion, king of Aram, who lived in Damascus." Shamshi-ilu fought against Hezion of Damascus in 773-2 BCE and extracted tribute from him. It appears unlikely that the Hezion in this later reference is the same as the one referred to above in 1 Kings 15:18, since the passage refers to King Asa in Israel, who is dated by several scholars to not later than 866. In the 19th century many scholars equated him with Rezon the Syrian, an enemy of Solomon.
Rezon the Syrian, also named "Ezron", was an enemy of King Solomon mentioned in 1 Kings 11. Some 19th-century scholars considered Rezon to be the throne name of King Hezion. He is known only from the Old Testament.
2 Kings 8 is the eighth chapter of the second part of the Books of Kings in the Hebrew Bible or the Second Book of Kings in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. The book is a compilation of various annals recording the acts of the kings of Israel and Judah by a Deuteronomic compiler in the seventh century BCE, with a supplement added in the sixth century BCE. This chapter records Elisha's acts in helping the family of Shunammite woman to escape famine, then to gain back their land and in contributing to Hazael's ascension to the throne of Syria (Aram) in verses 7–15; then subsequently records the reigns of Joram and Ahaziah, the kings of Judah.
1 Kings 22 is the 22nd chapter of the First Book of Kings in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible or the first part of Books of Kings in the Hebrew Bible. The book is a compilation of various annals recording the acts of the kings of Israel and Judah by a Deuteronomic compiler in the seventh century BCE, with a supplement added in the sixth century BCE. This chapter belongs to the section comprising 1 Kings 16:15 to 2 Kings 8:29 which documents the period of Omri's dynasty. The focus of this chapter is the reign of king Ahab and Ahaziah in the northern kingdom, as well as of king Jehoshaphat in the southern kingdom.
1 Kings 11 is the eleventh chapter of the Books of Kings in the Hebrew Bible or the First Book of Kings in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. The book is a compilation of various annals recording the acts of the kings of Israel and Judah by a Deuteronomic compiler in the seventh century BCE, with a supplement added in the sixth century BCE. This chapter belongs to the section focusing on the reign of Solomon over the unified kingdom of Judah and Israel. The focus of this chapter is Solomon's decline and death.
1 Kings 20 is the 20th chapter of the Books of Kings in the Hebrew Bible or the First Book of Kings in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. The book is a compilation of various annals recording the acts of the kings of Israel and Judah by a Deuteronomic compiler in the seventh century BCE, with a supplement added in the sixth century BCE. This chapter belongs to the section comprising 1 Kings 16:15 to 2 Kings 8:29 which documents the period of Omri's dynasty. The focus of this chapter is the reign of king Ahab in the northern kingdom.
References
- ↑ Habakkuk: Volume 44 - Page 117 Robert Donel Haak - 1992 André Lemaire, 'Hadad 1'Edomite ou Hadad 1'Arameen?' Biblische Notizen 43 (1988) 14-18 who concludes that it is likely that ... and Aram Naharaim,' in The Biblical Archaeologist Reader, "
- ↑ 1 Kings 11:14–22
- ↑ 1 Kings 11:24-25.
- ↑ 1 Kings 11:1.