| History | |
|---|---|
 Great Britain | |
| Name | Hannah |
| Owner |
|
| Builder | Liverpool |
| Launched | 1786 [1] |
| Captured | 1794 |
| General characteristics | |
| Tons burthen | 192, [1] or 201 [2] (bm) |
| Length | 84 ft 3 in (25.7 m) [1] |
| Beam | 23 ft 2 in (7.1 m) [1] |
| Complement | |
| Armament | |
Hannah was built at Liverpool in 1786. She made six complete voyages as a slave ship. French frigates captured her in 1794 as she was sailing to West Africa outward bound on her seventh slave trading voyage.
Hannah first appeared in Lloyd's Register (LR) in 1786 with J. Smith, master, Heywood, owner, and trade Liverpool–Africa. [3]
1st slave trading voyage (1786–1787): Captain Bryan Smith sailed from Liverpool on 4 August 1786. Hannah started gathering slaves on 5 October at Calabar. She embarked 420 slaves and delivered them to St Vincent on 31 January 1787. There she landed 390 slaves, for a 7% loss rate in the Middle Passage, which had taken 51 days. [4]
2nd slave trading voyage (1787–1789): Captain Charles Wilson sailed from Liverpool on 5 May 1788. Hannah gathered slaves at New Calabar. She arrived at Grenada in January 1789 and landed 351 slaves there. She left Grenada on 12 February and arrived back Liverpool on 5 April. She had left Liverpool with 34 crew members and had two crew deaths on the voyage. [5]
3rd slave trading voyage (1789–1790): Captain Wilson sailed from Liverpool on 3 July 1789. Hannah gathered slaves at New Calabar and at Bonny Island that she delivered to Kingston, Jamaica, on 31 December. She landed 303 slaves. On 10 April 1790 she sailed from Kingston and she arrived back at Liverpool on 27 May. She had left Liverpool with 30 crew members. [6]
4th slave trading voyage (1790–1791): Captain William Young sailed from Liverpool on 30 October 1790. Hannah started gathering slaves at Bonny on 4 January 1791. She arrived at St Vincent on 11 July, where she landed 316 slaves. She had embarked 341 so had a mortality rate among the slaves of 7%. She sailed from St Vincent on 1 August and arrived back at Liverpool on 25 September. She had left with 30 crew members and had lost seven crew members on her voyage. [7]
5th slave trading voyage (1792): Captain Young sailed from Liverpool on 9 January 1792. Hannah gathered slaves at the Congo River and delivered them to Grenada in August. There she landed 331. She arrived back at Liverpool on 5 October, having left with 29 crew members and having suffered one crew member death on the voyage. [8]
6th slave trading voyage (1793–1794):Hannah sailed from Liverpool on 1 January 1793 on her sixth voyage. [9] Shortly after she left War with France broke out. Captain Young acquired a letter of marque on 28 February 1793. [2] Hannah arrived at Ambriz on 31 March and commenced gathering slaves. She embarked 338 slaves and delivered them to Kingston on 27 July, where she landed 304, for a 9% mortality rate. She left Jamaica on 12 October and arrived back at Liverpool on 14 January 1794. She had left Liverpool with 30 crew members and had three crew deaths on the voyage. [10]
7th slave trading voyage (1794–loss): Captain William Stringer acquired a letter of marque on 11 March 1794. [2] He sailed from Liverpool on 17 March, bound for West Africa. [11]
In July 1794 Lloyd's List reported that two French frigates had captured at least four British vessels off Madeira. Two, Tom, Galt, master, and Hannah, Stringen, master, were on their way to Africa. Forty-six people, part of the crews of the four vessels, were landed at Madeira. [12]
Captain William Stringer later was captain on another Hannah on her first slave trading voyage in 1797.
Citations
References
Banastre, was built at Ringsend, Dublin, in 1759, though under what name is unclear. By 1787 she was in the hands of the partnership of the Tarletons and Backhouse of Liverpool, noted slavers. Under their ownership she made five complete voyages transporting slaves from West Africa to the Caribbean. A French warship captured her in 1793 as she was on her way from West Africa to Jamaica on her sixth voyage transporting slaves.
Othello was launched in 1786 at Liverpool for the African slave trade. She made some five voyages before she burnt off the coast of Africa in 1796. During her first voyage her master fired on another British slave ship, which gave rise to an interesting court case. As a letter of marque she recaptured a British ship in 1794.
Christopher was built in America and taken in prize in 1780. She first appears in British records in 1786. Liverpool merchants purchased her before then, probably in 1785. Thereafter she made eight voyages in the African slave trade before she sank in 1794 in the harbour at Saint Croix.
Lady Penrhyn was an American vessel launched in 1777 that the British captured in 1782. Liverpool merchants purchased her and employed her in the African slave trade between 1783 and 1794. A squadron of the French navy drove her onshore on the coast of Africa in 1794.
Iris was launched at Liverpool as a slaver. In all she made eight voyages (1783-1800) carrying slaves from West Africa to the Caribbean. She also made one voyage for the British East India Company (EIC) to Bengal and back (1795-1796). She was condemned in Jamaica in December 1800 as unseaworthy.
Eliza was launched in America in 1780 and taken in prize in 1782. She entered the Liverpool registry in 1783, 1786, and again in 1792. She made nine voyages as a slave ship, and was lost in an explosion on her tenth voyage after she had already embarked her slaves.
Boyne was launched at Philadelphia in 1779, possibly under that name. She first appeared in Lloyd's Register as Boyne in 1789, but had probably been purchased in 1787 and had already made one voyage by 1789. She made three voyages in all as a slave ship before a French privateer captured her in 1794 on her fourth.
Robust was built in France in 1779. The British captured her in 1781 and she was registered at Liverpool in 1783. She first entered Lloyd's Register in 1789 as whaler in the northern whale fishery. Then in December 1788 she left on the first of three voyages as a slave ship. On her third voyage as a slave ship Robust captured a French slave ship and recaptured two British slave ships that a French privateer had captured earlier. After her third voyage as a slaver owners shifted her registry to Bristol and she then made two voyages to the southern whale fishery. She returned from the second voyage in 1797 and is last listed in 1798.
Old Dick was launched at Bermuda in 1789. She sailed to England and was lengthened in 1792. From 1792 on she made two full voyages as a Liverpool-based slave ship. On her second she recaptured two British merchant ships. She was lost in 1796 at Jamaica after having landed her third cargo of slaves.
Vulture was built in France 1777 and captured. By early 1779 she was sailing as a privateer out of Liverpool. She then became a slave ship. She made 10 voyages as slaver and was captured in 1795 on her 11th such voyage.
Dispatch was built in Bermuda in 1784 and came to England possibly as early as 1786. In 1792 she made a voyage carrying slaves from Africa to the West indies. She was then briefly a privateer before returning to the slave trade. The French captured her in 1795 while she was on her third slave trading voyage.
Prince was launched at Bristol in 1785 as Alexander and then made two complete voyages as a slave ship. Her owners changed her name to Prince in 1787. As Prince, she made six more complete voyages as a slave ship. She foundered in 1800 as she was returning to England from her ninth, having delivered slaves to Jamaica.
Betsey was launched in 1790 at Liverpool as a slave ship. She made six complete voyages as a slaver. A French privateer captured her in 1799 after she had delivered her slaves on her seventh voyage.
Amacree or Amachree, was launched in 1788 in Liverpool She made ten voyages as a slave ship, carrying slaves from West Africa and primarily to Dominica. The last press mention of Amacree occurred in 1801.
Martha was launched in 1788 in Liverpool. She made eleven voyages as a slave ship, carrying slaves from West Africa to the West Indies. After her last slave trading voyage in 1803, Martha became a West Indiaman. She was wrecked circa October 1806.
Thomas was Sally that James Jones acquired in 1785. She made seven voyages from Bristol as a slave ship before the French captured her in 1794 as she was on her way for her eighth voyage.
Enterprize was launched in 1790 at Liverpool as a slave ship. Between 1791 and 1802 she made eight complete voyages as a Liverpool-based slave ship. She was wrecked in 1803 while returning to Liverpool from her ninth slave trading voyages.
Little Joe was launched in 1784 in Liverpool as a slave ship. She made six complete voyages from Liverpool in the Atlantic triangular slave trade. On her seventh voyage a French privateer captured her, but a British letter of marque recaptured her. She did not return to the slave trade and was last listed in 1795.
Liver was launched at Liverpool in 1786, probably as a fishing smack. She was lengthened in 1790. Liver then made four complete voyages as a slave ship in the triangular trade in enslaved peoples. A French privateer captured her in 1797 as she was approaching the West Indies on her fifth voyage.
Liverpool Hero was built in France in 1777, almost certainly under another name. She was taken in prize 1780. In 1781 she entered into the triangular trade in enslaved people. From 1781 she made six complete voyages from Liverpool as a slave ship and was lost in 1794 off the coast of Africa on her seventh voyage.