| History | |
|---|---|
 Great Britain | |
| Name | Hannah |
| Builder | Liverpool |
| Launched | 1797 |
| Fate | Lost 1811 |
| General characteristics | |
| Tons burthen | 195, [1] or 198 [2] (bm) |
| Complement | |
| Armament | |
Hannah was built at Liverpool in 1797. She made three voyages as a slave ship in the triangular trade in enslaved people. She then made one voyage as a whaler in the British southern whale fishery. Next, she became a West Indiaman and was lost in 1811.
Hannah first appeared in Lloyd's Register (LR) in 1797 with W.Stringer, master, R.Welsh, owner, and trade Liverpool–Africa. [3]
1st voyage transporting enslaved people (1797–1798): Captain William Stringer acquired a letter of marque on 3 October 1797. [1] He sailed from Liverpool on 6 November. [4] In 1797, 104 vessels sailed from British ports bound for West Africa to transport enslaved people to the West Indies; 90 of these vessels had sailed from Liverpool. [5]
Hannah commenced acquiring captives on 11 February 1798, first at Bonny Island and then at "Bomara". She arrived at Saint Croix on 15 May. She left St Croix on 21 June, and arrived back at Liverpool on 19 July. [4]
At the time Saint Croix was a Danish colony. In 1792, the Danish government passed a law that would outlaw Danish participation in the trans-Atlantic enslaving trade, from early 1803 on. This led the government in the Danish West Indies to encourage the importation of captives prior to the ban taking effect. One measure that it took was to open the trade to foreign vessels. Records for the period 1796 to 1799 show that 24 British enslaving ships, most of them from Liverpool, arrived at St Croix and imported 6,781 captives. [6]
2nd voyage transporting enslaved people (1798–1799): Captain James Good acquired a letter of marque on 14 August 1798. [1] He sailed from Liverpool on 8 September 1798. [7] In 1798, 160 vessels sailed from British ports bound for West Africa to transport enslaved people to the West Indies; 149 of these vessels had sailed from Liverpool. These were the highest numbers for the period 1795–1804. [5]
Hannah acquired captives and arrived at St Croix on 6 April 1799. There she landed 320 captives. She left St Croix on 3 May and arrived back at Liverpool on 24 June. She had left Liverpool with 30 crew members and suffered four crew member deaths on the voyage. [7]
3rd voyage transporting enslaved people (1799–1800): Captain Good sailed from Liverpool on 11 August 1799. [8] In 1799, 156 vessels sailed from British ports bound for West Africa to transport enslaved people to the West Indies; 134 of these vessels had sailed from Liverpool. [5]
Hannah arrived at Demerara on 5 March 1800 where she landed 303 captives. In her voyage she had left Liverpool with 30 crew members and she suffered 6 crew deaths on the voyage. [8]
| Year | Master | Owner | Trade | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1800 | J.Good T.Morrison | Abram & Co. | Liverpool–Africa London–Dominica | LR |
| 1803 | J.Shadforth | Capt.&Co. | London–Dominica | LR |
| 1804 | T.Hullock | Collins | London–Southern Fishery | LR |
Whaling voyage (1803–1805):Hannah was valued at £5,000 in 1802. [9] Captain Izzack Hullock (or Hullah, or Hilcock), sailed from London on 1 February 1803, bound for the Pacific. Hannah returned on 13 September 1805. [10]
Although Lloyd's Register showed Hannah as continuing to whale, [9] there is no supporting evidence in Lloyd's List ship arrival and departure data.
| Year | Master | Owner | Trade | Source & notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1806 | Hollock | Collins | London–Southern Fishery | LR |
| 1808 | Hollock Davidson | Collins Hodgen | London–Southern Fishery | LR; small repairs 1808 |
| 1809 | Hollock J.Rickets | Collins P.Rains | London–Southern Fishery Portsmouth–Surinam | Register of Shipping |
| 1810 | Duncan William Ellis | Clark & Co. | London–Surinam | LR; small repairs 1808 |
| 1811 | W. Ellis | Clark & Co. | London–Jamaica | LR; small repairs 1808 [2] |
Hannah, Ellis, master, was wrecked on 29 January 1811 near the Isla of Pines, Cuba. She was sailing from Jamaica to London. [11]
Britannia, was a vessel launched in 1783 at Saltcoats, possibly under another name. She made four voyages from Liverpool as a slave ship in the triangular trade in enslaved people. She grounded at Liverpool in 1793 after the first. A French privateer captured her in 1795 during the second, and took her to Guadeloupe where the Republican Government almost certainly freed the captives. She returned to British ownership and made two more voyages as a slave ship. A French privateer captured her during her fourth voyage.
Sarah was launched at Liverpool in 1797. She then made six voyages as a Liverpool-based slave ship in the triangular trade carrying enslaved people from West Africa to the West Indies. A French privateer captured Sarah in 1804 in a single-ship action on her seventh voyage after Sarah had gathered her slaves but before she could deliver them to the West Indies.
Hannah was built in Liverpool in 1795. She made four voyages as a slave ship in the triangular trade of enslaved people. She was lost in 1801 as she was returning home after having delivered her captives on her fourth voyage.
Windsor Castle was launched at Whitby in 1783. Initially she was primarily a West Indiaman. Then from 1797 she made five voyages as a slave ship in the triangular trade in enslaved people. She foundered off Bermuda in 1803 after having disembarked her captives.
Caroline was a ship launched in France in 1792, possibly under another name. She was taken in prize in 1794 and sailed first as a West Indiaman, then as a whaler in the British southern whale fishery, and finally as a slave ship in the triangular trade in enslaved people. She was lost in 1801, after she had delivered her captives to Kingston, Jamaica on her second voyage from Africa.
Several ships have been named John:
Harriot was launched in Spain in 1794, almost surely under another name, and taken in prize in 1797. She made two voyages as a London-based slave ship in the triangular trade in enslaved people. Under new ownership, she then made three voyages as a whaler in the British southern whale fishery. A privateer captured her as she was returning from her third whale-hunting voyage but the British Royal Navy recaptured her. After her recapture she became a merchantman. She was captured and condemned at Lima, Peru in March-April 1809 as a smuggler.
Backhouse was launched in 1798 at Dartmouth. In all, she made four voyages as a slave ship in the triangular trade in enslaved people. Between the second and the third, and after the fourth, she was a West Indiaman. A French privateer captured her early in 1810 as she was returning to Britain from Brazil.
Tamer, was a French prize. She made two complete voyages as a slave ship from 1801 in the triangular trade in enslaved people. She foundered in 1803 off Barbados as she was delivering her captives on her third slave voyage. Before leaving the coast of Angola on this last voyage, she had captured a French slave ship in a sanguinary single ship action. Tamer sailed with her prize, which rescued Tamer's crew and slaves when Tamer foundered. The insurers refused to pay on Tamer's loss, on the grounds that she had deviated from sailing in the most expeditious manner by periodically waiting for her prize to catch up. The court supported the insurers on appeal.
Nimble was built in Folkestone in 1781, possibly under another name. In 1786 Nimble was almost rebuilt and lengthened. Between 1786 and 1798 she made nine voyages as a whaler in the British Southern Whale Fishery. Between 1799 and 1804 she made four voyages from Liverpool as a slave ship. On her first voyage as to gather captives she detained a neutral vessel, an action that resulted in a court case. On her second voyage to gather captives, a French privateer captured her, but the Royal Navy recaptured her. She was sold in 1804 at St Thomas after she had delivered her captives.
Betsey was launched in 1790 at Liverpool as a slave ship. She made six complete voyages in the triangular trade in enslaved people. On her second such voyage she, together with five other slave ships, bombarded Calabar for more than three hours to force the local native traders to lower the prices they were charging for captives. A French privateer captured her in 1799 after she had delivered her captives on her seventh voyage.
Ellis was a French prize, captured in 1797, possibly built that year also. Liverpool merchants purchased her. She made five complete voyages as a slave ship in the triangular trade carrying enslaved people from West Africa to the British West Indies. She was lost at sea on 23 April 1806 on her sixth voyage before she could take on any captives.
Enterprize was launched in 1790 at Liverpool as a slave ship. Between 1791 and 1802 she made eight complete voyages in the triangular trade in enslaved people as a Liverpool-based slave ship. She was wrecked in 1803 while returning to Liverpool from her ninth enslaving voyages. Her wreck was the target of salvage efforts in the early 19th century; the wreck was rediscovered by recreational divers in the 1990s.
Tonyn was launched at Newfoundland in 1779 as Plato. Plato was renamed to Tonyn in 1781. She then traded with North America and as a West Indiaman. From 1797 she made two voyages from Liverpool as a slave ship in the triangular trade in enslaved people. She was captured and recaptured in 1798 on her first voyage, and sunk on her second circa 1800 as she was returning home.
Tom was launched in 1780 in America, possibly under another name. She first appeared in British records in 1792. From 1792 Tom participated as a slave ship in the triangular trade in enslaved people. She made two complete voyages from Liverpool. French frigates captured her in 1794 while she was on her third voyage, but before she could acquire any captives.
Bell was launched in 1788 in Liverpool. Between 1788 and 1795 she made five voyages as a Liverpool-based slave ship in the triangular trade in enslaved people. The French captured her in 1796 on her sixth enslaving voyage after she had embarked her captives.
Princess Amelia was launched in 1798 at Liverpool. She made eight complete voyages as a Liverpool-based slave ship in the triangular trade in enslaved people. After the end of British participation in the Trans-Atlantic slave trade, she became a merchantman. She was probably the Princess Amelia, from Liverpool, that was lost in 1810.
Trelawney or Trelawny was a ship launched at Bristol in 1781. Initially she was a West Indiaman. In 1791 she made one voyage as a slave ship in the triangular trade in enslaved people. She then made one voyage as a whaler in the British southern whale fishery. She was sold to Liverpool and then made two more voyages as an enslaving ship. She was damaged outbound on a fourth enslaving voyage and then disappears from online records.
Ann was launched at Chester in 1792 as a West Indiaman. From 1796 she made eight complete voyages as a slave ship in the triangular trade in enslaved people. She participated in several single ship actions. On her first voyage she repelled an attack by a French privateer. On her second a privateer captured her but she was recaptured. On her ninth voyage a French privateer again captured her, but this time her captor plundered and then released her. She sank on 24 May 1810 in the Old Dock at Liverpool, but was salvaged.
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