Hayat Bakshi Begum | |
---|---|
Died | 26 February 1667 |
Burial | |
Spouse | Sultan Muhammad Qutb Shah |
Issue | 3, including Abdullah Qutb Shah |
Father | Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah |
Hayat Bakshi Begum (died 26 February, 1667) was the royal consort of Sultan Muhammad Qutb Shah, the sixth ruler of the Qutb Shai Dynasty in south India and daughter of Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah, fifth Sultan of the dynasty. [1] When her son Abdullah Qutb Shah was made sultan at the age of fourteen in 1626, she acted as regent for the first few years of his reign, and continued to wield considerable influence in the state until her death. [2]
Hayat Bakshi, whose name meant Life, was born in 1591. [1] She was the only daughter of Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah, who did not have any male heirs. Muhammad Quli is alleged to have brought her up as he would have a son, beginning with the celebration that were initiated on her birth [3] As she grew older, the sultan let her be educated with the skills needed to be a ruler. [4] [5]
Hayat Bakshi began receiving marriage proposals from the age of 11, among the most notable being one from the Safavid King, Shah Abbas, for one of his three sons. However, Muhammad Quli had other plans and she was married to her cousin Muhammad Qutb Shah in 1607. [1] [5]
There is no contemporary account of their wedding, although a later account described the revelries that took place. The city was decorated with earthen lamps and all the citizens were well fed amidst great festivities. [6] [1] Muhamad Qutb Shah, being a great patronage of arts, organised various events of dance and music for the citizens. Once the festivities were over, the couple moved into Khudabad Mahal. The palace was considered to was extraordinarily opulent and luxurious. [4]
In 1611 Muhammad Quli died. Muhammad Qutb became the king of the dynasty and Hayat Bakshi became Queen Consort. Sources state that Muhammad Qutb was a pious, philanthropic and cultured ruler, and turned to the advice of Hayat Bakshi for several state matters. This gave her a good practice in managing the state affairs. [7] [4]
Hayat Bakshi gave birth to a boy, Abdullah Qutb Shah, in the year 1614. A prophecy foretold by several astrologers was that there would be a tragedy for Muhammad Qutb Shah if the son saw the face of his father before the age of 12. [6] [1] Hayat Bakshi therefore developed a separate township for his son to keep them apart, the area is now known as Sultan Nager, located in the eastern part of Hyderabad. [1] However, a couple of years after Muhammad Qutb saw his son, he died. Hayat Bakshi's practice in the governance of the state had prepared her for this calamity, he closed the palace door at the same time and declared Abdullah Qutb Shah as king of the dynasty.[ clarification needed ] [4]
Source: [4]
In 1626, Sultan Muhammad died, and Hayat had her son Abdullah Qutb Shah crowned. The new sultan was fourteen years old, and Hayat ruled as regent for the first few years of his reign. [2] [8] During the reign of Abdullah Qutb Shah the most significant challenge was to keep the Mughals at the bay. In 1656 when Aurangzeb, then viceroy of Deccan, besieged Abdullah Qutb Shah in Golconda he asked for considerable tribute. Hayat Bakshi managed to soften the deal, agreeing with Aurangzeb that Abdullah's daughter would be married off to Mughal prince Muhammad Sultan and the Golconda Sultanate would be ceded to the Mughals after Abdullah's death. In return Aurangzeb significantly lowered the required financial tribute. [2] [6] [9]
Hayat Bakshi died on 26 February 1667. [10] She was buried in a tomb within the Qutb Shahi tombs. Her tomb is the only woman's tomb which is equal in size to the tombs of the kings. [2]
In 2019, IIT Hyderabad released a Virtual Reality film entitled Ma Saheba – The queen of Hyderabad, about Hayat Bakshi Begum. [11] [12]
The Deccan sultanates is a historiographical term referring to five late medieval to early modern Indian kingdoms on the Deccan Plateau between the Krishna River and the Vindhya Range that were created from the disintegration of the Bahmani Sultanate and ruled by Muslim dynasties: namely Ahmadnagar, Berar, Bidar, Bijapur, and Golconda. The five sultanates owed their existence to the declaration of independence of Ahmadnagar in 1490, which was followed by Bijapur and Berar in the same year. Bidar became independent in c. 1492, and Golconda in 1512.
The Charminar is a monument located in Hyderabad, Telangana, India. Constructed in 1591, the landmark is a symbol of Hyderabad and officially incorporated in the emblem of Telangana. The Charminar's long history includes the existence of a mosque on its top floor for more than 425 years. While both historically and religiously significant, it is also known for its popular and busy local markets surrounding the structure, and has become one of the most frequented tourist attractions in Hyderabad. Charminar is also a site of numerous festival celebrations, such as Eid-ul-adha and Eid al-Fitr, as it is adjacent to the city's main mosque, the Makkah Masjid.
The Sultanate of Golconda was an early modern kingdom in southern India, ruled by the Persianate, Shia Islamic Qutb Shahi dynasty of Turkoman origin. After the decline of the Bahmani Sultanate, the Sultanate of Golconda was established in 1518 by Quli Qutb Shah, as one of the five Deccan sultanates.
Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah was the fifth sultan of the Sultanate of Golconda and founder of the city of Hyderabad. He built its architectural centerpiece, the Charminar. He was an able administrator and his reign is considered one of the high points of the Qutb Shahi dynasty. He ascended to the throne in 1580 at the age of 15 and ruled for 31 years.
Sultan Quli Qutb-ul-Mulk, more often though less correctly referred to in English as Quli Qutb Shah, was the founder of the Qutb Shahi dynasty, which ruled the Sultanate of Golconda in southern India from 1518 to 1687. Of Turkoman origin and born in Persia, he originally served the Bahmani sultan, and was awarded the title Qutb-ul-Mulk as military chief; he eventually took control of Golconda.
Sultan Muhammad Qutb Shah was the sixth ruler of the kingdom of Golconda in southern India under the Qutb Shahi dynasty.
Abdullah Qutb Shah was the seventh ruler of the kingdom of Golconda in southern India under the Qutb Shahi dynasty. He ruled from 1626 to 1672.
Abul Hasan Qutb Shah, also known as Abul Hasan Tana Shah was the eighth and last ruler of the Qutb Shahi dynasty, sovereign of the Kingdom of Golconda in South India. He ruled from 1672 to 1686. The last Sultan of this Shia Islamic dynasty, Tana Shah is remembered as an inclusive ruler. Instead of appointing only Muslims as ministers, he appointed Brahmin Hindus such as Madanna and Akkanna brothers as ministers in charge of tax collection and exchequer. Towards the end of his reign, one of his Muslim generals defected to the Mughal Empire, who then complained to Aurangzeb about the rising power of the Hindus as ministers in his Golconda Sultanate. Aurangzeb sent a regiment led by his son, who beheaded Tana Shah's Hindu ministers and plundered the Sultanate. In 1687, Aurangzeb ordered an arrest of Tana Shah, who was then imprisoned at the Daulatabad Fort. He died in prison in 1699.
Golconda is a fortified citadel and ruined city located on the western outskirts of Hyderabad, Telangana, India. The fort was originally built by Kakatiya ruler Pratāparudra in the 11th century out of mud walls. It was ceded to the Bahmani Kings from Musunuri Nayakas during the reign of the Bahmani Sultan Mohammed Shah I, during the first Bahmani-Vijayanagar War. Following the death of Sultan Mahmood Shah, the Sultanate disintegrated and Sultan Quli, who had been appointed as the Governor of Hyderabad by the Bahmani Kings, fortified the city and made it the capital of the Golconda Sultanate. Because of the vicinity of diamond mines, especially Kollur Mine, Golconda flourished as a trade centre of large diamonds known as Golconda Diamonds. Golconda fort is currently abandoned and in ruins. The complex was put by UNESCO on its "tentative list" to become a World Heritage Site in 2014, with other forts in the region, under the name Monuments and Forts of the Deccan Sultanate.
The Qutub Shahi Tombs are located in the Ibrahim Bagh, close to the famous Golconda Fort in Hyderabad, India. They contain the tombs and mosques built by the various kings of the Qutub Shahi dynasty. The galleries of the smaller tombs are of a single storey while the larger ones are two-storied. In the centre of each tomb is a sarcophagus which overlies the actual burial vault in a crypt below. The domes were originally overlaid with blue and green tiles, of which only a few pieces now remain.
Goshamahal is a suburb in Hyderabad City, Telangana, India.
Hyderabad is the capital of the Indian state of Telangana. It is a historic city noted for its many monuments, temples, mosques and bazaars. A multitude of influences have shaped the character of the city in the last 400 years.
The history of Telangana, located on the high Deccan Plateau, includes its being ruled by the Satavahana Dynasty, the Kakatiya Dynasty (1083–1323), the Musunuri Nayaks (1326–1356), the Delhi Sultanate, the Bahmani Sultanate (1347–1512), Golconda Sultanate (1512–1687) and Asaf Jahi dynasty (1724–1950).
The Musheerabad Masjid or Masjid e Kalan, is a mosque located in the Musheerabad locality of Hyderabad, India. The original portion was constructed in 1560 AD by Ibrahim Quli Qutb Shah, the fourth Sultan of the Qutb Shahi dynasty and is identical to the Hayat Bakshi Mosque located in Hayathnagar area of Hyderabad.
The localities and neighborhoods of Hyderabad have unique oral histories, dating to the time of the Qutb Shahi dynasty, over 400 years ago, and are named after various people and things. Some are named after a major building or structure in the locality, others named for individuals. The names are mostly in Telugu and Urdu, the major languages of the city. This is a list of localities, neighborhoods and streets of Hyderabad and their etymology.
The architecture of Telangana dates back over two thousand years. The Indian state of Telangana is in the Deccan plateau, bordering the coastal plain of Andhra Pradesh. It has produced regional variants of wider styles of Indian architecture, both in Hindu temple architecture and Indo-Islamic architecture.
A distinct Indo-Islamic architecture style with local contribution is reflected in the historical buildings of Hyderabad, making it the first and "Best Heritage City of India" as of March 2012. The city houses many famous historical sites constructed during Qutb Shahi and Asaf Jahi period, including various mosques and palaces.
Qutb Shahi architecture is the distinct style of Indo-Islamic architecture developed during the reign of the Qutb Shahi dynasty, also known as the Golconda Sultanate.
Jama Masjid is a 505 year old Mosque in Golconda, Hyderabad, India. It was constructed in 1518 by the first Qutb Shahi ruler Sultan Quli Qutb Shah - while he was governor of the Bahmani Sultanate in current Telangana.
Sultan Nagar Fort, also known as Qila-yi Kohna, are the ruined remains of an abandoned Qutb Shah era fort whose construction had started around 1620. The fort is located at a place now known as L. B. Nagar in Hyderabad, India.