Related Research Articles
Quantum dots (QDs), also called semiconductor nanocrystals, are semiconductor particles a few nanometres in size, having optical and electronic properties that differ from those of larger particles as a result of quantum mechanics. They are a central topic in nanotechnology and materials science. When the quantum dots are illuminated by UV light, an electron in the quantum dot can be excited to a state of higher energy. In the case of a semiconducting quantum dot, this process corresponds to the transition of an electron from the valence band to the conductance band. The excited electron can drop back into the valence band releasing its energy as light. This light emission (photoluminescence) is illustrated in the figure on the right. The color of that light depends on the energy difference between the conductance band and the valence band, or the transition between discrete energy states when the band structure is no longer well-defined in QDs.
A fluorophore is a fluorescent chemical compound that can re-emit light upon light excitation. Fluorophores typically contain several combined aromatic groups, or planar or cyclic molecules with several π bonds.
Armand Paul Alivisatos is an American chemist and academic administrator who has served as the 14th president of the University of Chicago since September 2021. He is a pioneer in nanomaterials development and an authority on the fabrication of nanocrystals and their use in biomedical and renewable energy applications. He was ranked fifth among the world's top 100 chemists for the period 2000–2010 in the list released by Thomson Reuters.
Cadmium selenide is an inorganic compound with the formula CdSe. It is a black to red-black solid that is classified as a II-VI semiconductor of the n-type. It is a pigment but applications are declining because of environmental concerns
Naresh Dalal is a physical chemist who specializes in materials science. He is the Dirac Professor of Chemistry and Biochemistry at Florida State University, where he is affiliated with the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory. Dalal was first to synthesize Fe8.
Marie-Paule Pileni is a French physical chemist who was born in Tananarive, Madagascar. She is an Emeritus Professor at Sorbonne University and a Senior Member, since 1999, and administrator (2004–2011) of the Institut Universitaire de France.
Taeghwan Hyeon is a South Korean chemist. He is SNU distinguished professor in the School of Chemical and Biological Engineering at Seoul National University, director of Center for Nanoparticle Research of Institute for Basic Science (IBS), and an associate editor of the Journal of the American Chemical Society.
Core–shell semiconducting nanocrystals (CSSNCs) are a class of materials which have properties intermediate between those of small, individual molecules and those of bulk, crystalline semiconductors. They are unique because of their easily modular properties, which are a result of their size. These nanocrystals are composed of a quantum dot semiconducting core material and a shell of a distinct semiconducting material. The core and the shell are typically composed of type II–VI, IV–VI, and III–V semiconductors, with configurations such as CdS/ZnS, CdSe/ZnS, CdSe/CdS, and InAs/CdSe Organically passivated quantum dots have low fluorescence quantum yield due to surface related trap states. CSSNCs address this problem because the shell increases quantum yield by passivating the surface trap states. In addition, the shell provides protection against environmental changes, photo-oxidative degradation, and provides another route for modularity. Precise control of the size, shape, and composition of both the core and the shell enable the emission wavelength to be tuned over a wider range of wavelengths than with either individual semiconductor. These materials have found applications in biological systems and optics.
Blinking colloidal nanocrystals is a phenomenon observed during studies of single colloidal nanocrystals that show that they randomly turn their photoluminescence on and off even under continuous light illumination. This has also been described as luminescence intermittency. Similar behavior has been observed in crystals made of other materials. For example, porous silicon also exhibits this affect.
Cheon Jinwoo is the H.G. Underwood Professor at Yonsei University and the Director of the Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS). As a leading chemist in inorganic materials chemistry and nanomedicine Cheon and his group research chemical principles for the preparation of complex inorganic materials. He has been a Clarivate Analytics Highly Cited Researcher both in the field of chemistry in 2014, 2015, 2016 and cross-field in 2018. He is a fellow of the American Chemical Society, Royal Society of Chemistry, and Korean Academy of Science and Technology, a senior editor of Accounts of Chemical Research and an editorial advisory board member of Journal of Materials Chemistry, Nano Letters and Materials Horizons.
DNA-functionalization of quantum dots is the attachment of strands of DNA to the surface of a quantum dot. Although quantum dots with cadmium (Cd) have some cytotoxic release, researchers have functionalized quantum dots for biocompatibility and bound them to DNA in order to combine the advantages of both materials. Quantum dots are commonly used for imaging biological systems in vitro and in vivo in animal studies due to their excellent optical properties when excited by light, while DNA has numerous bioengineering applications, including: genetic engineering, self-assembling nanostructures, protein binding, and biomarkers. The ability to visualize the chemical and biological processes of DNA allows feedback to optimize and learn about these small scale behaviors.
Moungi Gabriel Bawendi is an American chemist of French and Tunisian descent. Born in Paris in 1961 to Hélène Baouendi and Mohammed Salah Baouendi. He is the Lester Wolfe Professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Bawendi is one of the original participants in the field of colloidal quantum dot research, and among the most cited chemists of the last decade. He became a Clarivate Citation Laureate in 2020. He received his A.B. in 1982 from Harvard University and his Ph.D. in chemistry in 1988 from the University of Chicago working with Karl F. Freed and Takeshi Oka.
Shuming Nie is a Chinese-American chemist. He is the Grainger Distinguished Chair in Bioengineering at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. He was the Wallace H. Coulter Distinguished Faculty Chair in Biomedical Engineering at Emory University. In 2007, Nie was elected as a fellow of the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering (AIMBE). In 2012, Nie was elected as a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS).
Prashant Jain is an Indian-born American scientist and a professor of chemistry at the University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign where his research laboratory studies the interaction of light with matter, designs nanoparticle catalysts, and develops methods for mimicking plant photosynthesis. He is a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and the Royal Society of Chemistry, a TR35 inventor, a Sloan Fellow, a PECASE recipient, a Royal Society of Chemistry Beilby medalist, and a top-cited researcher in chemical sciences.
Nanoparticle drug delivery systems are engineered technologies that use nanoparticles for the targeted delivery and controlled release of therapeutic agents. The modern form of a drug delivery system should minimize side-effects and reduce both dosage and dosage frequency. Recently, nanoparticles have aroused attention due to their potential application for effective drug delivery.
Susan M. Kauzlarich is an American chemist and is presently a distinguished professor of chemistry at the University of California, Davis. At UC Davis, Kauzlarich leads a research group focused on the synthesis and characterization of Zintl phases and nanoclusters with applications in the fields of thermoelectric materials, magnetic resonance imaging, energy storage, opto-electronics, and drug delivery. Kauzlarich has published over 250 peer-reviewed publications and has been awarded several patents. In 2009, Kauzlarich received the annual Presidential Award for Excellence in Science, Mathematics and Engineering Mentoring, which is administered by the National Science Foundation to acknowledge faculty members who raise the membership of minorities, women and disabled students in the science and engineering fields. In January 2022 she became Deputy Editor for the scientific journal, Science Advances.
Uri Banin is an Israeli chemist and a professor at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, currently holding the Alfred & Erica Larisch Memorial Chair at the Institute of Chemistry. He is recognized as one of the pioneers of nanoscience in Israel.
Emily A. Weiss is the Mark and Nancy Ratner Professor of Chemistry and director of the Photo-Sciences Research Center at Northwestern University. Her research considers the optical and electronic properties of nanostructures, including hybrid organic–inorganic quantum dots. She was a two-time finalist in the Blavatnik Awards for Young Scientists.
Silicon quantum dots are metal-free biologically compatible quantum dots with photoluminescence emission maxima that are tunable through the visible to near-infrared spectral regions. These quantum dots have unique properties arising from their indirect band gap, including long-lived luminescent excited-states and large Stokes shifts. A variety of disproportionation, pyrolysis, and solution protocols have been used to prepare silicon quantum dots, however it is important to note that some solution-based protocols for preparing luminescent silicon quantum dots actually yield carbon quantum dots instead of the reported silicon. The unique properties of silicon quantum dots lend themselves to an array of potential applications: biological imaging, luminescent solar concentrators, light emitting diodes, sensors, and lithium-ion battery anodes.
References
- ↑ Mattoussi, Hedi Mohamed (1987). Contribution à l'étude de polymères mésomorphes en solutions études statique, dynamique et conformationnelles (Thesis) (in French). Grenoble: ANRT. OCLC 468728049.
- ↑ "Dr. Mattoussi, Hedi". Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry. Retrieved 2020-08-03.
- ↑ "ARTECH HOUSE USA : Hedi Mattoussi". us.artechhouse.com. Retrieved 2020-08-03.
- 1 2 "Mattoussi Laboratory". www.chem.fsu.edu. Retrieved 2020-08-03.
- ↑ Clapp, Aaron R.; Medintz, Igor L.; Mattoussi, Hedi (2006-01-16). "Förster Resonance Energy Transfer Investigations Using Quantum-Dot Fluorophores". ChemPhysChem. 7 (1): 47–57. doi:10.1002/cphc.200500217. ISSN 1439-4235. PMID 16370019.
- ↑ "Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics". Royal Society of Chemistry. Retrieved 2020-08-03.
- ↑ "Navy Researchers Honored with Top Scientists". Navy. 2009-07-15.
- ↑ "Hedi Mattoussi is named fellow of American Chemical Society | Arts and Sciences". artsandsciences.fsu.edu. Retrieved 2020-08-03.
- ↑ "Chemistry professor earns recognition in second discipline as newly elected fellow of the American Physical Society | Arts and Sciences". artsandsciences.fsu.edu. Retrieved 2020-08-03.
- ↑ "APS Fellowship". www.aps.org. Retrieved 2020-08-03.
- ↑ "List of MRS Fellows | Materials science awards". www.mrs.org. Retrieved 2020-08-03.
