Helga Amesberger (1960 in Waizenkirchen, Upper Austria) is an Austrian ethnologist, sociologist and political scientist. She has been working at the Vienna Institute for Conflict Research since the early 1990s. (IKF). [1]
Helga Amesberger studied ethnology and sociology at the University of Vienna and graduated with a master's degree. She also studied for a doctorate at the Institute for Political Science at the University of Vienna and doctorate in 2005 with a thesis on the Dominant Culture Approach in comparison to the Critical Whiteness Studies (CWS) in the US and in German-speaking countries. Since 1993, she has been a research associate at the Institute for Conflict Research in Vienna, where she often collaborates with the social scientist Brigitte Halbmayr and sometimes publishes together with her. In addition, Amesberger worked at the University of Vienna as Lektorin at the Institute for Political Science and at the Institute for Cultural and Social Anthropology. She has also held teaching positions at the Alpen-Adria-Universität Klagenfurt (2014), at the Institute for Legal Studies at the Karl-Franzens-University Graz (since winter semester 2019/20) and at the Center for Teacher Education at the University of Vienna (winter semester 2019/20). She is a founding member of the ARGE Wiener Ethnologinnen.
Her research focuses on prostitution policy, violence against women, racism, National Socialism and Holocaust as well as feminist research.In the field of historical social research, Helga Amesberger is particularly dedicated to the survivors of the concentration camps Mauthausen [2] and Ravensbrück. As project manager, together with Brigitte Halbmayr, she supervised the "Mauthausen Eyewitness Project", in which around 800 interviews were conducted with survivors of the Mauthausen concentration camp in a total of 23 countries under the scientific direction of the historian Gerhard Botz from the Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Historical Social Science in Vienna. [3] A study on the surviving women of the Mauthausen concentration camp, which builds on this interview project, was completed in 2010. The volume 'Mauthausen revisited', co-edited by Amesberger, shows how school pupils capture their impressions of the memorial site in photographs.
Amesberger's work on Austrian women in the Ravensbrück women's concentration camp, which she has written with colleagues since the mid-1990s, is extensive. The two-volume publication "Vom Leben und Überleben – Wege nach Ravensbrück. The Women's Concentration Camp in Memory" (2001) provides documentation and analysis of biographical interviews on the one hand, and on the other provides an insight into the biographies of around 40 Austrian survivors. With the volume "Sexualized Violence. Female Experiences in Nazi Concentration Camps" (2004), Helga Amesberger and her colleagues Katrin Auer and Brigitte Halbmayr created a standard work on a topic that has received little attention. The research project she carried out together with Brigitte Halbmayr and Kerstin Lercher on the "Registration of the names of formerly imprisoned Austrians in Ravensbrück concentration camp" was completed in 2009. In 2013, the interactive website ravensbrueckerinnen.at went online, providing a wealth of information about Ravensbrück concentration camp and the Austrians in Ravensbrück concentration camp, as well as materials such as videos, photos and teaching and learning aids. In her most recent research, she deals with the persecution of women stigmatized as "asocials" under National Socialism.
In addition to various academic studies (see Publications), Amesberger has published numerous articles in specialist journals and collective works on the subject of the National Socialist persecution of women.
Hildegard Martha Lächert was a female guard, or Aufseherin, at several concentration camps controlled by Nazi Germany. She became publicly known for her service at Ravensbrück, Majdanek and Auschwitz-Birkenau.
Aufseherin was the position title for a female guard in Nazi concentration camps. Of the 50,000 guards who served in the concentration camps, training records indicate that approximately 3,500 were women. In 1942, the first female guards arrived at Auschwitz and Majdanek from Ravensbrück. The year after, the Nazis began conscripting women because of a shortage of male guards. In the context of these camps, the German position title of Aufseherin translates to (female) "overseer" or "attendant". Later female guards were dispersed to Bolzano (1944–1945), Kaiserwald-Riga (1943–44), Mauthausen, Stutthof (1942–1945), Vaivara (1943–1944), Vught (1943–1944), and at Nazi concentration camps, subcamps, work camps, detention camps and other posts.
The Austrian Service Abroad is a non-profit organization funded by the Austrian government which sends young Austrians to work in partner institutions worldwide serving Holocaust commemoration in form of the Gedenkdienst, supporting vulnerable social groups and sustainability initiatives in form of the Austrian Social Service and realizing projects of peace within the framework of the Austrian Peace Service. The Austrian Service Abroad is the issuer of the annually conferred Austrian Holocaust Memorial Award.
Herzogenbusch was a Nazi concentration camp located in Vught near the city of 's-Hertogenbosch, Netherlands. The camp was opened in 1943 and held 31,000 prisoners. 749 prisoners died in the camp, and the others were transferred to other camps shortly before Herzogenbusch was liberated by the Allied Forces in 1944. After the war, the camp was used as a prison for Germans and for Dutch collaborators. Today there is a visitors' center which includes exhibitions and a memorial remembering the camp and its victims.
Lichtenburg was a Nazi concentration camp, housed in a Renaissance castle in Prettin, near Wittenberg in the Province of Saxony. Along with Sachsenburg, it was among the first to be built by the Nazis, and was operated by the SS from 1933 to 1939. It held as many as 2000 male prisoners from 1933 to 1937 and from 1937 to 1939 held female prisoners. It was closed in May 1939, when the Ravensbrück concentration camp for women was opened, which replaced Lichtenburg as the main camp for female prisoners.
In World War II, Nazi Germany established brothels in the concentration camps to increase productivity among inmates. Their use was restricted to the more privileged Aryan prisoners, primarily the Kapos, or "prisoner functionaries", and the criminal element. Jewish inmates were prohibited from using the brothels according to rules against racial mixing. In the end, the camp brothels did not produce any noticeable increase in the prisoners' productivity levels but, instead, created a market for coupons among the more privileged camp prisoners.
Hilde (Wundsam) Zimmermann, was a member of the Austrian Resistance. Arrested for her efforts to fight fascism, she was deported with her mother and childhood friend by Nazi officials to the Ravensbrück concentration camp in Germany; she then went on to survive both her imprisonment there and a death march.
Ravensbrück was a Nazi concentration camp exclusively for women from 1939 to 1945, located in northern Germany, 90 km (56 mi) north of Berlin at a site near the village of Ravensbrück. The camp memorial's estimated figure of 132,000 women who were in the camp during the war includes about 48,500 from Poland, 28,000 from the Soviet Union, almost 24,000 from Germany and Austria, nearly 8,000 from France, almost 2,000 from Belgium, and thousands from other countries including a few from the United Kingdom and the United States. More than 20,000 of the total were Jewish. Eighty-five percent were from other races and cultures. More than 80 percent were political prisoners. Many prisoners were employed as slave laborers by Siemens & Halske. From 1942 to 1945, the Nazis undertook medical experiments on Ravensbrück prisoners to test the effectiveness of sulfonamides.
Hans Maršálek was an Austrian typesetter, political activist, detective, historian, and suspected spy for the Soviet Union. A devout socialist and active in the resistance, he was arrested by the Nazis and imprisoned in the Mauthausen concentration camp. After the war, he joined the Austrian political police and was instrumental in tracking down and convicting numerous Nazi criminals. He also became the main chronicler of the camp's history, helped establish the Mauthausen Memorial Museum, and published several books.
Marianne Katharina "Käthe" Leichter was an Austrian Jewish economist, women's rights activist, journalist and politician. She was a member of the Social Democratic Party of Austria and the Viennese Labour Chamber. She was detained in Ravensbrück concentration camp during the Nazi regime and killed by gas at the Bernburg Euthanasia Centre in 1942.
Antonia "Toni" Bruha was an Austrian resistance activist. After the war she became a translator and author.
Rosa Jochmann was an Austrian resistance activist and Ravensbrück concentration camp survivor who became a politician (SPÖ).
The International Ravensbrück Committee (IRC) is an association of former prisoners of the Ravensbrück concentration camp, the largest concentration camp for women in the German Altreich during the Nazi period.
Gemma La Guardia Gluck was an American writer, of Italian Jewish origin, who lived in Hungary and was a survivor of the Holocaust. Her autobiography, published in 1961, tells of her experience as a survivor of the Ravensbrück concentration camp, but also offers vivid memories of her childhood spent in America with her parents and brother Fiorello La Guardia, the future first Italian-American mayor of New York.
Käthe Sasso was an Austrian child resistance activist during World War II. As a concentration camp and death march survivor, she wrote several works that chronicle her experiences during Nazi rule in Germany.
Brigitte Bailer-Galanda is an Austrian social scientist and historian. She was the director of the Documentation Centre of Austrian Resistance and deputy chairwoman of the Historical Commission of the Republic of Austria. Bailer-Galanda is an honorary professor of contemporary history at the University of Vienna.
Rochelle G. Saidel is an American writer and researcher. She founded the Remember the Women Institute in 1997 and currently serves as its executive director.
Judith Goetz is an Austrian literature and political science scholar, gender researcher, political illustrator and right-wing extremism expert.
Sigrid Jacobeit is a German ethnographer and ethnologist and agricultural scientist. She was director of the Ravensbrück Concentration Camp Memorial of the Brandenburg Memorials Foundation from 1992 to 2005.
Johanna Kootz is a German librarian and sociologist. She was a pioneer of women's studies and advancement at Free University of Berlin. In 2004, she was awarded the Margherita von Brentano Prize for her life's work.
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