Related Research Articles
The People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola, from 1977–1990 called the People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola – Labour Party, is an Angolan social democratic political party. The MPLA fought against the Portuguese Army in the Angolan War of Independence from 1961 to 1974, and defeated the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) and the National Liberation Front of Angola (FNLA) in the Angolan Civil War. The party has ruled Angola since the country's independence from Portugal in 1975, being the de facto government throughout the civil war and continuing to rule afterwards.
Mário Coelho Pinto de Andrade was an Angolan poet and politician.
The Angolan War of Independence, known as the Luta Armada de Libertação Nacional in Angola, began as an uprising by Angolans against the Portuguese imposition of forced cultivation of only cotton as a commodity crop. As the resistance spread against colonial authorities, multiple factions developed that struggled for control of Portugal's overseas province of Angola. There were three nationalist movements and a separatist movement.
Angolan Communist Party was an underground political party in Portuguese Angola, founded in October 1955, under influence from the Portuguese Communist Party. PCA was led by the brothers Mário Pinto de Andrade and Joaquim Pinto de Andrade. PCA set up clandestine schools and libraries in Luanda, and established branches in Catete and Malanje.
Sarah Maldoror was a French filmmaker of European and Guadeloupean descent. She is best known for her feature film Sambizanga (1972) on the 1961–1974 war in Angola.
Maria de Lourdes Pereira dos Santos Van-Dúnem was an Angolan singer. Usually called Lourdes Van-Dúnem, she was born in Luanda, and rose to stardom in the 1960s with the group Ngola Ritmos. She recorded her first album, Monami, with this group. She toured several times in Portugal, Algeria, and Brazil, in addition to performances in Angola. After her first album, most of her career was spent with the group Jovens do Prenda.
Américo Alberto de Barros e Assis Boavida, generally known as Dr. Américo Boavida, was an Angolan physician active in his country's nationalist movement.
Lúcio Rodrigo Leite Barreto de Lara, also known by the pseudonym Tchiweka, was a physicist-mathematician, politician, professor, anti-colonial ideologist and one of the founding members of the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA). He served as General Secretary of the MPLA during the Angolan War of Independence and Angolan Civil War. Lara, a founding member of the MPLA, led the first MPLA members into Luanda on 8 November 1974. He swore in Agostinho Neto as the first president of the country.
Viriato Clemente da Cruz was an Angolan poet and politician, who was born in Kikuvo, Porto Amboim, Portuguese Angola, and died in Beijing, People's Republic of China. He is considered one of the most important Angolan poets of his time. He wrote poems in Portuguese, some of which include phrases in the Angolan Bantu language of Kimbundu. He took part in the political struggle to free Angola from Portuguese rule.
Angola in the 1950s transitioned from colonial to provincial status. Angola had the status of a Portuguese colony from 1655 until the Assembly of the Republic passed a law on June 11, 1951, giving all Portuguese colonies provincial status, effective on October 20, 1951. Separatist political organizations advocating Angolan independence formed in the 1950s despite strong resistance from the Portuguese government, leading to the Angolan War of Independence (1961–1975).
Sambizanga is a 1972 film directed by Sarah Maldoror and written by Maldoror, Mário Pinto de Andrade, and Maurice Pons, based on the 1961 novella The Real Life of Domingos Xavier by José Luandino Vieira. Set in 1961 during the onset of the Angolan War of Independence, it follows the struggles of Angolan militants involved with the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA), an anti-colonial political movement. Maldoror co-wrote the screenplay with her husband, who was a leader within the MPLA. Sambizanga was the first feature film produced in Angola and by any Lusophone African country. Maldoror was the first woman to make a feature film in Africa.
Joaquim Pinto de Andrade served as the first honorary President of the People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA), Chancellor of the Luanda Archdiocese, and as a member of the African Society of Culture. He died on February 23, 2008, at his home in Luanda following a long illness, the same day as fellow MPLA politician Gentil Ferreira Viana.
Although almost no research existed on the role of women in Angolan society in the late 1980s, there are a few generalities that could be drawn. In rural Angola, as in many African economies, most of the population engaged in agricultural activities. Women performed much of the agricultural labor. Marriage generally involved familial, political, and economic interests as well as personal considerations and gains. The household was the most important unit of production and was usually composed of several generations. The women grew and prepared most of the food for the household and performed all other domestic work. Because of their major role in food production, women shared relatively equal status with men, who spent much of their time hunting or tending cattle.
The Conference of Nationalist Organizations of the Portuguese Colonies was an organization for coordination and cooperation between the national liberation movements of the Portuguese colonies in Africa during the Portuguese Colonial War.
Tomaz Aquino Messias de Bragança was a Goan physicist, journalist, diplomat and Mozambican social scientist at the Eduardo Mondlane University. He played a leading intellectual and political role in the campaign for the decolonialisation of Mozambique from its colonial power Portugal.
Deolinda Rodrigues Francisco de Almeida was an Angolan nationalist, militant, writer, and translator, who also taught, wrote poetry, and worked as a radio host. Born into a Methodist family, she received a scholarship to study in Brazil, from where she corresponded with Martin Luther King Jr. Fearing extradition, she continued her education in the United States before returning to Angola. Rodrigues was a member of the People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) and co-founded its women's wing, the Organização da Mulher de Angola. She was captured, tortured, and executed by a rival nationalist group in 1967. A documentary of her life was released in 2014.
Esperança Maria Eduardo Francisco da Costa is an Angolan biologist, university researcher-teacher and politician who is currently serving as the 4th Vice President of Angola since 15 September 2022.
Maria Ruth Neto is a former Angolan independence activist, political organizer, and women's rights campaigner. Although she studied nursing in Portugal and Germany, in 1968 she joined the Movimento Popular de Libertação de Angola and focused on securing Angola's independence from Portugal. Fearing retalliation from the Polícia Internacional e de Defesa do Estado, she lived abroad in Germany, Tanzania and Zambia until 1975, when independence was achieved. From the early 1970s, she was the leader of the Organização das Mulheres de Angola and became the organization's first national coordinator in 1976. OMA was an affiliate of the Women's International Democratic Federation (WIDF) and from 1976 she served as a vice president on their executive committee and attended and spoke at many of the organization's conferences and seminars over the next decades. In 1977, she was elected to the Central Committee of the MPLA, and was re-elected in 1985. When the leadership of the OMA was restructured in 1983, she served as its secretary general until 1999. In 1986, she became the secretary general of the Pan-African Women's Organization and held that post until 1997.
Maria Eugénia "Jenny" da Silva Neto is a Portuguese-Angolan writer. She was the inaugural first lady of Angola. Born in Montalegre, she was educated in Lisbon, studying languages and music. She met Angolan medical student Agostinho Neto in 1948 and ten years later the couple married. Because of his anti-colonial activities, he was jailed multiple times, causing the family to move to Angola, Portugal, Cape Verde, and eventually in 1962 to orchestrate an escape on Moroccan passports to Léopoldville, now in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. In Léopoldville, he became the head of the Movimento Popular de Libertação de Angola, but the following year, the family moved again to Brazzaville, when the MPLA was ousted. They relocated again to Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, in 1968, where Neto began working with the Organização das Mulheres de Angola, publishing the organization's bulletins and writing radio broadcasts for the MPLA. She also began writing children's stories, but her works were not published at the time.
Avelino Henrique Saíde Vieira Dias Rodrigues Mingas was an Angolan economist, writer, soldier, and politician who was a notable figure in the anti-colonial struggle for independence in Angola. He was the first Minister of Finance of an independent Angola and one of the ten members of the first national legislature, the Revolutionary Council of the People. He was also a member of the Central Committee of the People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA). A close associate of Agostinho Neto and Lúcio Lara, he was killed by people associated with the fractionists during the 1977 Angolan coup attempt.
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Ducados, Henda - LC Linked Data Service: Authorities and Vocabularies". Library of Congress. Retrieved 13 September 2021.
- ↑ Ruigrok, Inge Mariëtte (2011). "Ducados, Henda". In Akyeampong, Emmanuel K; Gates, Henry Louis (eds.). Dictionary of African Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acref/9780195382075.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-538207-5 . Retrieved 13 September 2021.
- ↑ "Sarah Maldoror, Prémio de Cultura e Artes 2020 de Angola". VOA (in Portuguese). Retrieved 13 September 2021.
- ↑ "Encontrámos Henda Ducados" [We found Henda Ducados]. Jornal de Angola (in Portuguese). 18 April 2020. Retrieved 13 September 2021– via PressReader.
- 1 2 "Henda Ducados". Conciliation Resources. Retrieved 13 September 2021.
- ↑ Ducados, Henda Lucia (2007). Women in war-torn societies: A study of households in Luanda's peri-urban areas (MPhil). London School of Economics and Political Science. Retrieved 10 January 2022.
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| Other | |
