The French writer and folklore collector Henri Pourrat was born in 1887 in Ambert, a town in the mountainous Auvergne region of central France. He died near Ambert in 1959.
The French writer and folklore collector Henri Pourrat was born in 1887 in Ambert, a town in the mountainous Auvergne region of central France. He died near Ambert in 1959.
Born to an Ambert shop-owner, Pourrat finished secondary school in 1904 and went to Paris the following year, to prepare for a career in agronomy at the national School of Forestry in Nancy. [1] However, he contracted tuberculosis almost immediately and had to return home, to be long confined to bed in stillness and silence. When sufficiently recovered, he began walking daily, in every weather, the hills and villages around Ambert.
In 1906-1909 Pourrat published locally, under various pseudonyms, extravagant stories in collaboration with his close friend Jean Angeli (1886-1915, pen name Jean L’Olagne) and others. He also wrote poetry and articles on the local dialect or on notable figures of the region. In 1911 he began collecting and publishing folktales and songs, partly under the guidance of the French ethnographer Arnold van Gennep (1873-1957). However, this association did not last. The two differed too greatly in their approach. Unlike van Gennep, Pourrat could not bear to publish tales precisely as received from the teller, flaws and all. [2]
World War I broke out in July 1914, and the young men of the region were soon gone. Unable to join them, Pourrat felt rejected and humiliated. Angeli’s death in action (June 1915) plunged him into “black anguish.” [3] He could only write articles and songs in support of the soldiers from Auvergne. The Ambert region lost 2,500 men out of a total population of about 60,000, and among his age group Pourrat almost alone survived. He also survived the Spanish flu, with which he was bedridden in November 1918. Three months earlier, an accident had killed one younger brother, and the other died in 1923 of injuries suffered as a prisoner of war. [4]
In 1926 Pourrat was at last declared fully healed. [5] An ardent Catholic devoted to the peasantry of his region, he became a vocal champion of the land. World War I had only accelerated the decline of the countryside, and in various ways Pourrat urged a return to the soil. After the French defeat in 1940, the government of Vichy France adopted this stance—one shared by many Catholic conservatives [6] —as official policy. Pourrat’s eloquent and very public support of it and of the régime caused him trouble late in the war and beyond, when association with Vichy endangered many. However, the difficulty passed.
Thereafter Pourrat turned above all to what he considered his life-work: Le Trésor des Contes (The Treasury of Tales), a collection of over 1,000 folktales gathered over the decades from the region around Ambert. He meant it as a compendium of the Auvergne peasant memory. The complete collection first appeared in thirteen volumes (Gallimard, 1948–1962); then in a seven-volume, thematically reorganized edition (Gallimard 1977–1986); and finally in two compact volumes (Omnibus, 2009).
Pourrat published some 100 works, from Sur la colline ronde (On the Round Hill, 1912, signed jointly with Jean l’Olagne) to Histoire des gens dans les montagnes du Centre (A History of the People of the Central Mountains, 1959, the year of his death). More appeared posthumously. Novels, essays, historical studies, folktales, and, in his later years, works of Catholic devotion flowed from his pen. In 1928 he received the Legion of Honor and an honorary doctorate from Trinity College Dublin. [7]
Pourrat achieved national literary prominence with Les vaillances, farces et aventures de Gaspard des montagnes (The Mighty Deeds, Pranks, and Adventures of Gaspard from the Mountains), a four-volume novel woven from folktales collected by him, and presented as though told evening after evening by a single old woman teller. In 1921 the first volume won the literary prize given by a major Paris daily, and in 1931 the Académie Française awarded the complete work its Grand Prix du Roman. Pourrat called it “a sort of epic novel of Auvergne a hundred years ago, based on tradition.” [8] In all, Pourrat received five prizes from the Academy, the last being the Prix Gustave Le Métais-Larivière (1957) for the ensemble of his work. [9] In 1941 another major prize, the venerable Prix Goncourt, honored Vent de mars (March Wind), a volume of essays and reflections on the plight of the French peasantry.
Pourrat befriended and corresponded with many distinguished literary figures, among them Francis Jammes, Alexandre Vialatte, Lucien Gachon, Jean Paulhan, Jean Giono, Claude Dravaine, Charles-Ferdinand Ramuz, and Valery Larbaud. Some of this voluminous correspondence has been published, most prominently that with Vialatte and with Paulhan.
Initial publication year shown. Many have later editions.
Éditions Gallimard, formerly Éditions de la Nouvelle Revue Française (1911–1919) and Librairie Gallimard (1919–1961), is one of the leading French book publishers. In 2003 it and its subsidiaries published 1,418 titles.
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