Henry Hudson Holly | |
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Born | 1832 New York City, U.S. |
Died | 1892 |
Occupation | Architect |
Henry Hudson Holly (1832-1892) was an American architect who, in his generation, was one of the best-known architects with a practice spanning the entire United States. He is probably best remembered as the author of three architectural books. "Holly's country seats: containing lithographic designs for cottages, villas, mansions, etc., with their accompanying outbuildings; also, country churches, city buildings, railway stations, etc., etc" [1] which was published in 1863 by D. Appleton and Co. of New York and is a pattern book of standard primarily Italianate residential designs. In 1871 he published "Church Architecture. Illustrated with Thirty-Five Lithographic Plates, from Original Designs". In 1878 he published "Modern Dwellings in Town and Country Adapted to American Wants and Climate, with a Treatise on Furniture and Decoration" [2] by Harper and Brothers of New York. It served to introduce the domestic Queen Anne Revival style to America. Both the Country Seats and the Modern Dwellings books were subsequently combined and reprinted as "Holly's Country Seats and Modern Dwellings" in 1977 by the American Life Foundation Library of Victorian Culture. The Church Architecture book has also subsequently been reprinted by at least two modern publishers - Wentworth Press on August 25, 2016 and Forgotten Books on July 19, 2017.
In his designs he is best remembered for his use of the American Queen Anne Revival style of architecture, although his earlier work, as evidenced by his first book, was in the Italianate style. There are no known surviving buildings of his Italianate phase. [3] In 1884, he designed the historic home Hylehurst. [3] [4] Holly designed Thomas Edison's Glenmont estate and, in 1887, Edison's West Orange laboratory. [5] In the late 1880s he also designed a substantial mansion for the Thatcher family in Pueblo, Colorado which was demolished in the mid-twentieth century to be replaced by a hospital. However, in 1891, Mr. Thatcher's brother, John, commissioned Holly to design his own mansion and carriage house on a nearby block. The mansion was given the name, Rosemount, by the family and survives today as the Rosemount Museum.
In 1865-66 he designed the Noroton Presbyterian Church in Darien, Connecticut in the Gothic Revival style. This church is of technical interest in its very early employment of concrete blocks used as structural masonry. In 1878 he designed St. Luke's Hall for the University of the South in Sewanee, Tennessee. A surviving perspective by his hand depicts a competent Gothic Revival design after the English style of residential college. Both of these buildings survive to this day.
The Greek Revival was an architectural movement of the late 18th and early 19th centuries, predominantly in Northern Europe and the United States. It revived the style of ancient Greek architecture, in particular the Greek temple, with varying degrees of thoroughness and consistency. A product of Hellenism, it may be looked upon as the last phase in the development of Neoclassical architecture, which had for long mainly drawn from Roman architecture. The term was first used by Charles Robert Cockerell in a lecture he gave as Professor of Architecture to the Royal Academy of Arts, London in 1842.
The architecture of the United States demonstrates a broad variety of architectural styles and built forms over the country's history of over two centuries of independence and former Spanish and British rule.
Victorian architecture is a series of architectural revival styles in the mid-to-late 19th century. Victorian refers to the reign of Queen Victoria (1837–1901), called the Victorian era, during which period the styles known as Victorian were used in construction. However, many elements of what is typically termed "Victorian" architecture did not become popular until later in Victoria's reign, roughly from 1850 and later. The styles often included interpretations and eclectic revivals of historic styles. The name represents the British and French custom of naming architectural styles for a reigning monarch. Within this naming and classification scheme, it followed Georgian architecture and later Regency architecture, and was succeeded by Edwardian architecture.
A mansion is a large dwelling house. The word itself derives through Old French from the Latin word mansio "dwelling", an abstract noun derived from the verb manere "to dwell". The English word manse originally defined a property large enough for the parish priest to maintain himself, but a mansion is no longer self-sustaining in this way. Manor comes from the same root—territorial holdings granted to a lord who would "remain" there.
Palladian architecture is a European architectural style derived from and inspired by the designs of the Venetian architect Andrea Palladio (1508–1580). What is recognised as Palladian architecture today is an evolution of his original concepts. Palladio's work was strongly based on the symmetry, perspective, and values of the formal classical temple architecture of the Ancient Greeks and Romans. From the 17th century Palladio's interpretation of this classical architecture was adapted as the style known as "Palladianism". It continued to develop until the end of the 18th century.
The Italianate style of architecture was a distinct 19th-century phase in the history of Classical architecture. In the Italianate style, the models and architectural vocabulary of 16th-century Italian Renaissance architecture, which had served as inspiration for both Palladianism and Neoclassicism, were synthesised with picturesque aesthetics. The style of architecture that was thus created, though also characterised as "Neo-Renaissance", was essentially of its own time. "The backward look transforms its object," Siegfried Giedion wrote of historicist architectural styles; "every spectator at every period—at every moment, indeed—inevitably transforms the past according to his own nature."
Alexander Jackson Davis, or A. J. Davis, was an American architect, known particularly for his association with the Gothic Revival style.
Romanesque Revival is a style of building employed beginning in the mid-19th century inspired by the 11th- and 12th-century Romanesque architecture. Unlike the historic Romanesque style, however, Romanesque Revival buildings tended to feature more simplified arches and windows than their historic counterparts.
Renaissance Revival architecture is a group of 19th century architectural revival styles which were neither Greek Revival nor Gothic Revival but which instead drew inspiration from a wide range of classicizing Italian modes. Under the broad designation Renaissance architecture nineteenth-century architects and critics went beyond the architectural style which began in Florence and central Italy in the early 15th century as an expression of Renaissance humanism; they also included styles we would identify as Mannerist or Baroque. Self-applied style designations were rife in the mid- and later nineteenth century: "Neo-Renaissance" might be applied by contemporaries to structures that others called "Italianate", or when many French Baroque features are present.
The architecture of metropolitan Detroit continues to attract the attention of architects and preservationists alike. With one of the world's recognizable skylines, Detroit's waterfront panorama shows a variety of architectural styles. The post-modern neogothic spires of One Detroit Center refer to designs of the city's historic Art Deco skyscrapers. Together with the Renaissance Center, they form the city's distinctive skyline.
John Dando Sedding was an English church architect, working on new buildings and repair work, with an interest in a "crafted Gothic" style. He was an influential figure in the Arts and Crafts movement, many of whose leading designers, including Ernest Gimson, Ernest Barnsley and Herbert Ibberson, studied in his offices.
Minard Lafever (1798–1854) was an American architect of churches and houses in the United States in the early nineteenth century.
Albert Levy was a French photographer active in Europe and the United States. Most active in the 1880s and 1890s, he was a pioneer of architectural photography.
Frederick Clarke Withers was a successful English architect in America, especially renowned for his Gothic Revival church designs. Withers greatly participated in the introduction of the High Victorian Gothic style to the United States.
The Tariffville Historic District is a 93 acres (38 ha) historic district in the town of Simsbury, Connecticut. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993. It is part of the Tariffville section of Simsbury. The district includes 165 contributing buildings and two contributing sites. It also includes 26 non-contributing buildings and 4 non-contributing sites. There are several houses in the district of Gothic Revival style, probably following designs from pattern books of architect Andrew Jackson Downing. The Trinity Episcopal Church is the only building in the district designed by an architect of national standing, namely Henry C. Dudley. Many of the homes in the area were built by the Tariff Manufacturing Company, which opened a carpet mill along the Farmington River, and needed housing for workers.
The architecture of St. Louis exhibits a variety of commercial, residential, and monumental architecture. St. Louis is known for the Gateway Arch, the tallest monument constructed in the United States. Architectural influences reflected in the area include French Colonial, German, early American, European influenced, French Second Empire, Victorian, and modern architectural styles.
Nut Grove, also known as the William Walsh House, is a historic house located on McCarty Avenue in Albany, New York, United States. It is a brick building originally designed in the Greek Revival architectural style by architect Alexander Jackson Davis in the mid-19th century. In 1974 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
The Sherman Hill Historic District is located in Des Moines, Iowa, United States. It is one of the oldest residential suburbs in Des Moines. Single-family houses were constructed beginning around 1880 and multi-family dwellings were built between 1900 and 1920. The district encompasses 80 acres (0.32 km2) and 210 buildings and is bounded by 15th Street to the East, High Street to the South, Martin Luther King Parkway on the West, and School Street to the North. The historic district has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1979.
The architecture of Jacksonville is a combination of historic and modern styles reflecting the city's early position as a regional center of business. According to the National Trust for Historic Preservation, there are more buildings built before 1967 in Jacksonville than any other city in Florida, but it is also important to note that few structures in the city center predate the Great Fire of 1901. Numerous buildings in the city have held state height records, dating as far back as 1902, and last holding a record in 1981.
The Rosemount Museum, pronounced "Rosemont" is a historic house museum in Pueblo, Colorado, it is situated on a square block at the corner of one of the highest points in north Pueblo and across the street from Parkview Medical Center. It is a 24,000-square-foot, three story mansion with attic and basement and contains thirty-seven rooms. It was begun in 1891 and completed in 1893 for John A. Thatcher and his family. A 6,000-square-foot carriage house was also built on the property.