Petroleum geology is the study of origin, occurrence, movement, accumulation, and exploration of hydrocarbon fuels. It refers to the specific set of geological disciplines that are applied to the search for hydrocarbons.
The American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG) is one of the world's largest professional geological societies with more than 40,000 members across 129 countries as of 2021. The AAPG works to "advance the science of geology, especially as it relates to petroleum, natural gas, other subsurface fluids, and mineral resources; to promote the technology of exploring for, finding, and producing these materials in an economically and environmentally sound manner; and to advance the professional well-being of its members." The AAPG was founded in 1917 and is headquartered in Tulsa, Oklahoma; currently almost one-third of its members live outside the United States.
The Fly River is the third longest river in the island of New Guinea, after the Sepik River and Mamberamo River with a total length of 1,060 km (660 mi) and the largest by volume of discharge in Oceania, the largest in the world without a single dam in its catchment, and overall the 20th-largest primary river in the world by discharge volume. It is located in the southwest of Papua New Guinea and Papua Province of Indonesia. It rises in the Victor Emanuel Range arm of the Star Mountains, and crosses the south-western lowlands before flowing into the Gulf of Papua in a large delta. The Fly-Strickland River system has a total length of 1,220 km (760 mi) making it the longest river system of an island in the world, including 824 km (512 mi) Strickland River is the longest and largest tributary of Fly River, making it the farthest distance source of the Fly River.
Fred F. Meissner was an American geologist and engineer who contributed to the fields of geology, geophysics, engineering, petroleum engineering, geochemistry, mineralogy, physics, mining, economic geology, and fishing.
Peter R. Vail is an American geologist and geophysicist, the namesake of the Vail curve of sea level changes. Vail earned his AB at Dartmouth College in 1952, followed by M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from Northwestern University in 1956. He is currently the W. Maurice Ewing Professor, Emeritus, in the Department of Earth Science at Rice University.
The Vaca Muerta Formation, commonly known as Vaca Muerta, is a geologic formation of Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous age, located in the Neuquén Basin in northern Patagonia, Argentina. It is well known as the host rock for major deposits of shale oil and shale gas.
Professor Chingiz Muzafar oglu Khalifa-zade is Azerbaijani and Soviet geologist and Professor of Geology and Mineralogy and Petrology; and Head of Department at Azerbaijan State Oil Academy; and President of the Sedimentological Society of Azerbaijan; and Academician at the International Eco-Energy Academy,; and Honorary foreign member of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences.
Growth faults are syndepositional or syn-sedimentary extensional faults that initiate and evolve at the margins of continental plates. They extend parallel to passive margins that have high sediment supply. Their fault plane dips mostly toward the basin and has long-term continuous displacement. Figure one shows a growth fault with a concave upward fault plane that has high updip angle and flattened at its base into zone of detachment or décollement. This angle is continuously changing from nearly vertical in the updip area to nearly horizontal in the downdip area.
Isabel Patricia Montañez is a paleoclimatologist specializing in geochemical records of ancient climate change. She is a Distinguished Professor and a Chancellor's Leadership Professor in the Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences at University of California, Davis. As of 2021, Montañez is the Director of the UC Davis Institute of the Environment.
Caswell Silver was an American geologist and entrepreneur who was President of Sundance Oil Company from 1960 to 1984. In addition to the business of oil and gas exploration, he was active in the American Association of Petroleum Geologists and published original research on petroleum geology. He endowed the Caswell Silver Foundation at the University of New Mexico.
Scott W. Tinker is an American geologist, educator, energy expert, and documentary film maker.
Robbie Rice Gries is an American petroleum geologist who was the first female president (2001–02) of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG), president of the Geological Society of America (2018–19), and founder of Priority Oil & Gas LLC. Gries is noted to have made some influential progress for women in this field. In 2017, Gries published the book titled Anomalies—Pioneering Women in Petroleum Geology: 1917-2017. Gries is recognized as an unconventional thinker when approaching geological concepts and applications.
In sequence stratigraphy, a sub discipline of geology, type 1 sequences and type 2 sequences are special sequences that are defined by having distinct types of sequence boundaries. In modern literature, the distinction in type 1 sequences and type 2 sequences was abandoned.
Cindy A. Yeilding is an American geologist from Houston, Texas. Yeilding is Senior Vice President of British Petroleum, America. She was formerly Vice President of exploration technology and assurance, and has held various other positions at BP in oil and gas, exploration of the Gulf of Mexico and geoscience.
Randi Martinsen is an American geologist who spent much of her career as a senior lecturer in the Department of Geology and Geophysics at the University of Wyoming. Prior to her work at the University of Wyoming, she worked as a consulting petroleum geologist for Cities Service Company in Denver, Colorado. She has extensively worked on the Western Interior Cretaceous basin with particular interest in stratigraphic trap exploration, paleotectonic influences on depositional systems, and clastic reservoir characterization. Martinsen is a former President of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists Foundation (AAPG), an organization that provides educational programs, scientific research, and engineering services in communities around the world. She was President of AAPG from 2014-2015.
Seismic stratigraphy is a method for studying sedimentary rock in the deep subsurface based on seismic data acquisition.
In sequence stratigraphy, condensed sections are strata that are thin, yet span a large time interval. They are associated with the maximum flooding surfaces, represented by sedimentary intervals deposited during the maximum marine transgression.
Incised valleys are mountain-valley-like features that commonly result from river down cutting into coastal plains and continental shelves in response to marine regression. They are the key evidence to identify sequence boundary on seismic profiles and outcrops. The magnitudes of their down cutting have been used to estimate the global sea-level variations.
