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Clozapine is the first atypical antipsychotic medication to have been discovered. It is usually used in tablet or liquid form for people diagnosed with schizophrenia who have had an inadequate response to other antipsychotics or who have been unable to tolerate other drugs due to extrapyramidal side effects. It is also used for the treatment of psychosis in Parkinson's disease. In the US it is also licensed for use in patients with recurrent suicidal behaviour associated with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. It is regarded as the gold-standard treatment when other medication has been insufficiently effective and its use is recommended by multiple international treatment guidelines. Compared to other antipsychotic drug treatments, initiating and maintaining clozapine is complex, expensive and time-consuming. The role of clozapine in treatment-resistant schizophrenia was established by the Clozaril Collaborative Study Group Study #30 in which clozapine showed marked benefits compared to chlorpromazine in a group of patients with protracted psychosis and who had already shown an inadequate response to other antipsychotics. There are a range of different adverse effects and compulsory blood monitoring is required in most developed countries. Whilst there are significant side effects, clozapine remains the most effective treatment when one or more other antipsychotics have had an inadequate response, and clozapine use is associated with multiple improved outcomes including all cause mortality, suicide and reduced hospitalisation. In a network comparative meta-analysis of 15 antipsychotic drugs, clozapine was significantly more effective than all other drugs. Surveys of patient satisfaction show preference over other antipsychotics.
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References
- ↑ "When Will Mental Illness Finally Yield to Science?". Newsweek. 11 August 2014. Retrieved 2022-02-20.
- ↑ "Meltzer Honored for Contributions to Psychopharmacology". NorthwesternMedicine. 10 June 2016. Retrieved 2022-02-18.
- ↑ "Herbert Y Meltzer, MD". Feinburg School of Medicine. Retrieved 7 April 2022.
- ↑ Meltzer, H; Alphs, L; Green, A; Altamura, A; Anand, R; Bertoldi, A (2003). "Clozapine treatment for suicidality in schizophrenia: International Suicide Prevention Trial (InterSePT)". Arch Gen Psychiatry. 60 (1): 82–91. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.60.1.82. PMID 12511175. S2CID 15444200.
- ↑ "Pioneer in Clozapine Research Wins Major Psychopharmacology Award". PsychNews. doi:10.1176/appi.pn.2016.PP7a2 (inactive 31 January 2024). Retrieved 2022-02-18.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of January 2024 (link) - ↑ "Four Decades Later, Meltzer's Work on Schizophrenia Still Breaking New Ground". NorthwesternMedicine. 21 May 2013. Retrieved 2022-02-19.
- ↑ "Psychopharmacologic Innovations in the Treatment of Schizophrenia, Past and Present: An Expert Interview With Herbert Y. Meltzer". Medscape. Retrieved 2022-02-10.
- ↑ Meltzer, H; Mills, R; Revell, S; Williams, H; Johnson, A; Bahr, D; Friedman, J (2010). "Pimavanserin, a serotonin(2A) receptor inverse agonist, for the treatment of parkinson's disease psychosis". Neuropsychopharmacology. 35 (4): 881–92. doi:10.1038/npp.2009.176. PMC 3055369 . PMID 19907417.
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