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Middle High German literature refers to literature written in German between the middle of the 11th century and the middle of the 14th. In the second half of the 12th century, there was a sudden intensification of activity, leading to a 60-year "golden age" of medieval German literature referred to as the mittelhochdeutsche Blütezeit. This was the period of the blossoming of Minnesang, MHG lyric poetry, initially influenced by the French and Provençal tradition of courtly love song. The same sixty years saw the composition of the most important courtly romances. again drawing on French models such as Chrétien de Troyes, many of them relating Arthurian material. The third literary movement of these years was a new revamping of the heroic tradition, in which the ancient Germanic oral tradition can still be discerned, but tamed and Christianized and adapted for the court.
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The Old Man of Restelo, also known as The Old Man of Belem, is a fictional character introduced by the Portuguese epic poet Luís de Camões in Canto IV of his work Os Lusíadas. The Old Man of Restelo is variously interpreted as a symbol of pessimism, or as representing those who did not believe in the likely success of the then upcoming Portuguese voyages of discovery. The character appears at the embarkation of the first expedition to India (1497), giving warnings about the odyssey that was about to happen.
Françoise Mallison is a French Indologist specialising in the history and religious traditions of Gujarat. She was the Head of Studies at the École pratique des hautes études, Sorbonne.
Otto I, also called Otto the Great, is seen by many as one of the greatest medieval rulers. His name is usually associated with the foundation, the victory in the Battle of Lechfeld gained him, according to historian Jim Bradburn, a reputation as the great champion of Christendom, and the Ottonian Renaissance. Although historians in different eras have never denied his reputation as a successful ruler, the image of the nationalist political strongman which was usually perceived during the nineteenth century has been questioned by more recent sources. Modern historians explore the emperor's capability as a consensus builder, as well as the participation of princes in contemporary politics and the important roles played by female actors and his advisors in his endeavors. Mentioned also is that Otto did have a strong character. In many cases, Otto chose his own way, which also led to rebellions. He often emerged victorious in the end.
References
- ↑ Rieder, John; Smith, Larry E. (1996-01-01). Multiculturalism and Representation: Selected Essays. University of Hawaii Press. pp. 198–215. ISBN 978-0-8248-1860-9.
- ↑ Stock, Markus (2017-07-18). "Knowledge, Hybridity, and the King of the Crane-Heads: Herzog Ernst B, Herzog Ernst G, and the Forchheim Crane-Head". Daphnis. 45 (3–4): 391–411. doi:10.1163/18796583-04503003. ISSN 1879-6583.
- ↑ Bowden, Sarah (2012). "A FALSE DAWN: THE GRIPPIA EPISODE IN THREE VERSIONS OF HERZOG ERNST". Oxford German Studies. 41 (1): 15–31. doi:10.1179/0078719112Z.0000000002. ISSN 0078-7191.
- ↑ Haye, Thomas (2020), Arnold, Heinz Ludwig (ed.), "Odo von Magdeburg: Ernestus", Kindlers Literatur Lexikon (KLL) (in German), Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, pp. 1–2, doi:10.1007/978-3-476-05728-0_15311-1, ISBN 978-3-476-05728-0 , retrieved 2023-11-03
