Hope Clarke

Last updated
Hope Clarke
Born (1941-03-23) March 23, 1941 (age 83)
Washington, D.C., U.S.
Occupations
Years active1960–present
AwardsDramalogue Award, Joseph Calloway Award, NAACP Image, Outer Critics Award

Hope Clarke (born March 23, 1941) is an American actress, dancer, vocalist, choreographer, and director. Clarke, a Tony Award nominee, made history in 1995 when she became the first African-American, as well as the first African-American woman, to direct and choreograph a major staging of the classic opera, Porgy and Bess . Clarke began her career as a principal dancer with the Katherine Dunham Company and the Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater, and as an actress appeared in many stage, film, and television productions. As a choreographer, Clarke is credited with staging and movement for more than 30 shows on and off Broadway.

Contents

Early life and education

A native of Washington, D.C., Clarke took dance classes with her sister at the Alma Davis Dance School, and as a senior in high school, she was a lead dancer with Doris Jones' company in DC. [1] [2] Clarke worked as a summer employee for the Central Intelligence [Agency]. [2] She grew up in a middle class Black community, a place where people shopped through mail-order catalogues in order to purchase clothes offered in stores where they were not welcomed. “The black community, as I remember it, was very closely knit," Clarke said in the San Francisco Examiner : "Before the fabric of this society was torn by racism and lack of education, we all took care of each other. We all watched each other's children." [3]

Career

West Side Story to Don’t Bother Me, I Can’t Cope

In 1959, Clarke landed a role in the original touring cast of West Side Story. [2] At the urging of her sister, she auditioned for the role, got it, and joined the touring company while it was in Chicago, [1] [4] [5] and remained in the cast until April 23, 1960. [6] In 1961, Clarke appeared in the interracial love story Kwamina starring Brock Peters and Robert Guillaume, and featuring the choreography of Agnes de Mille. [1] [5] In 1967, she played a minor role and was part of the ensemble in Hallelujah, Baby!, which received five Tony Awards, including Best Musical. [1] [4] [5]

In 1966, Clarke appeared in the Metropolitan Opera's first production, Antony and Cleopatra . [7] In 1968, she played Mamselle Tulip in the House of Flowers at the Lucille Lortel Theatre. [8] In 1969, Clarke had a role in Douglas Turner Ward’s “The Reckoning” at the St. Mark’s Playhouse, [1] [4] an off-off Broadway theater that showcased the work of the Negro Ensemble Company. [4] [8]

In 1970, Clarke was a dancer in “Purlie,” a musical that nominated for five Tony Awards. [1] [4] In 1972, she was in the musical “Don’t Bother Me, I Can’t Cope,” which was the first Broadway musical to be directed by an African American woman, Vinnette Carroll. [1] [2] [5] [9]

Alvin Ailey, Katherine Dunham, and 5 Plus

Clarke served as a principal dancer in the Katherine Dunham Company and the Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater. [1] [4] [10] [11] [2] In the Ailey company, she toured internationally and received positive reviews and audience ovations. [2] [12] In addition to dancing with Dunham and Ailey, Clarke performed with the companies of Tally Beatty, [2] [4] George Faison, [4] and Louis Johnson. [1] [4]

Clarke, along with Michael Blake, Carmen de Lavallade, Sheila Rohan, and others, co-founded the former 5 Plus Ensemble (New Beginnings Theater), a dance company created to showcase the work of dancers, choreographer, and musicians who are older than the age of 50. [2] [13] [14]

Film and Television

After appearing on Broadway and around the world as a dancer, Clarke moved to Hollywood, California with the help of actor and friend Raymond St. Jacques. [2] Her most memorable film roles were co-starring with Sidney Poitier in A Piece of the Action (1977); [2] working with St. Jacques and Philip Michael Thomas on the A Book of Numbers' set in Dallas; [2] [15] [4] and portraying Jean-Michel Basquiat's mother, Matilde, in Basquiat (1996). [2] [8] Clarke has had a variety of guest roles on tv shows, such as Hill Street Blues , [2] Amen, Another World, As the World Turns, Beat Street, Hart to Hart , Into the Night, The Jeffersons , The Ropers , Sex and the City, Three's Company . [1] She appeared in the TV miniseries King (1978), which was based upon the life of Martin Luther King Jr., the slain civil rights leader.

Grind, A Tony Nomination, and Fly

In 1985, Clarke played “Ruby” in the musical Grind [4] [5] [16] and worked with Lester Wilson. [2] In 1992, Clarke earned a Tony Award nomination for “Best Choreography” for her work in the 1992 Broadway hit Jelly's Last Jam . [1] [5] [17] The show grew from New York workshops and a Los Angeles production at the Mark Taper Forum to a Broadway show. [18]

In 1995, Clarke choreographed “The Tempest.” [4] [5] In November 2003, she started work on Caroline, or Change, a musical that features spirituals, blues, Motown, classical music and Jewish Klezmer. [19] Clarke was responsible for the choreography of the show that began as an Off-Broadway production, received a Broadway production of 126 performances in 2004, received six Tony Award nominations, and had a two-month run at the Lyttleton Theatre, National Theatre in London, winning the Olivier Award for Best New Musical. [19] [8] [16]

In 2010, Clarke choreographed A Free Man of Color, [5] and in 2017, she choreographed, Fly, a play about the Tuskegee Airmen. The show was produced by the Lincoln Center Institute and toured to several venues, including Alabama Shakespeare Festival, Pasadena Playhouse, Florida Studio Theatre, St. Louis Rep, Cincinnati Playhouse, Ford's Theatre, Vineyard Playhouse, and Crossroads Theatre. [2] [20] [21] [22]

Collaborations with George C. Wolfe

After George C. Wolfe hired Clarke to create movement and staging for The Colored Museum, [1] [23] the pair have collaborated on 10 plays, [2] including the opera Amistad, [24] the Off-Broadway play, Spunk, [23] and Broadway shows Caroline, Or Change , A Free Man of Color , and Jelly's Last Jam, which earned Clarke a Tony Award nomination. [25] [26]

Porgy & Bess: The Opera

In 1995, Clarke directed the Houston Grand Opera production of Porgy & Bess , the first African American to stage a major professional U.S. staging of “Porgy and Bess. [23] [10] [11] Regarded as America’s greatest opera, the two million dollar Houston Grand production toured throughout the United States, as well as performances in Italy and Japan. [27] [10]

In 2012, Clarke directed a Morgan State University production of Porgy & Bess at the Murphy Fine Arts Center. [28] [29]

Quotable

Honors and Awards

Credits

Stage

YearTitleTypeVenueRole
2023A Christmas Carol, A Ghost Story of ChristmasMusical, holidayHartford StageChoreographer [43]
2019The In-GatheringMusicalNew Professional Theatre at the Duke TheaterChoreographer [44]
2018A Christmas Carol, A Ghost Story of ChristmasMusical, holidayHartford StageChoreographer [45]
2017FLYPlay, drama Alabama Shakespeare Festival, Pasadena Playhouse, Florida Studio Theatre, St. Louis Rep, Cincinnati Playhouse, Ford's Theatre, Vineyard Playhouse, Crossroads Theatre Choreographer [20] [21]
2016A Christmas Carol, A Ghost Story of ChristmasMusical, holidayHartford StageChoreographer [46]
2016The Roads to HomePlay, dramaPrimary Stages, Cherry Lane TheaterMovement consultant [47] [20]
2015 Grey Gardens MusicalCenter Theatre Group, Bay Street TheatreChoreographer [20] [48]
2014A Christmas Carol, A Ghost Story of ChristmasMusical, holidayHartford StageChoreographer [49]
2013A Christmas Carol, A Ghost Story of ChristmasMusical, holidayHartford StageChoreographer [50]
2011Mr. Abbott Award GalaBenefitIn honor of George C. Wolfe, New YorkChoreographer [51]
2010 – 2011A Free Man of ColorBroadway play, original, drama Vivian Beaumont Theater Choreographer
2010Agnes deMille: From Ballet to BroadwayRevue St. Luke's Theatre Performer [52] [53]
2010Jesus Christ Superstar GospelMusicalAlliance TheatreChoreographer [22]
2008ResurrectionPlayPhiladelphia Theatre Company, Hartford StageChoreographer [20] [54]
2006 - 2007Caroline, or ChangeMusical, tourThe Lyttelton, at the National Theatre, LondonChoreographer [19]
2006The Dreams of Sarah BreedlovePlay, drama Goodman Theater Choreographer [4] [55]
2005The Learned Ladies of Park AvenuePlayHartford StageChoreographer [20] [56]
2004Caroline, or ChangeBroadway musical, original, drama Eugene O'Neill Theatre Choreographer
2004Stormy WeatherMusicalNew YorkChoreographer [57]
2003Caroline, or ChangeOff-Broadway musical, original, dramaJoseph Papp Public Theater/ Newman TheaterChoreographer [47]
2002The OdysseyPlayTheater at St. Clement'sMusical staging [4] [22] [58]
2000A Christmas Carol, A Ghost Story of ChristmasMusical, holidayHartford StageChoreographer [59]
2000A Prophet Among ThemPlay with musicBlue Heron Arts CenterChoreographer [60] [40]
1999Mack and MabelMusicalBarrington StageChoreographer [61] [62]
1999South PacificMusicalPioneer TheatreChoreographer [20] [63]
1998Porgy and BessBalletDallas Black Dance TheatreChoreographer [64]
1998CabaretMusicalCambridge Theatre CompanyChoreographer [65]
1997ArmistadOperaLyric OperaChoreographer [4] [66]
1997Nobody Says Baby Like A Black ManOff-Broadway play American Place Theater Director
1996A ... My Name is AliceMusical, revueMcGinn-Cazale TheaterChoreographer [47] [22] [67]
1996One Touch of VenusMusicalNew York City Center/ MainstageChoreographer [8] [47]
1995Angel LevineOff-Broadway musicalPlayhouse 91Choreographer [47]
1995The TempestOff-Broadway Play, comedy, revival Delacorte Theater Choreographer [47]
1995The TempestBroadway play, comedy, revival Broadhurst Theatre Choreographer [68]
1993Sweet & Hot: The Songs of Harold ArlenMusical La Jolla Playhouse (West Coast Premiere)Choreographer [69]
1992 – 1993Jelly's Last JamBroadway musical, original Virginia Theatre Choreographer (nominated for a Tony)
1991Black EaglesPlayNew York City Center/ Stage IIChoreographer [47]
1991 Così fan tutte OperaNew YorkChoreographer [11] [70]
1990Spunk: Three Tales by Zora Neale HurstonOff-Broadway playJoseph Papp Public Theater/ Martinson HallChoreographer [1] [4] [47]
1990The Caucasian Chalk CirclePlayJoseph Papp Public Theater/ Martinson HallChoreographer [47] [1]
1988Porgy & BessOperaFinnish National Opera and Brazil (Opera Ebony productions)Choreographer [4] [71]
1986 The Colored Museum PlayJoseph Papp Public Theater/ Susan Stein Shiva TheaterChoreographer [47]
1985GrindBroadway musical, original Mark Hellinger Theatre Ruby / performer
1972 – 1974Don't Bother Me, I Can't CopeBroadway musical, original, revue, all-Black cast Playhouse Theatre, Edison Theatre Performer
1972Black VisionsOff-Broadway play Joseph Papp Public Theater/ AnnexChoreographer [47]
1967 – 1968Hallelujah, Baby!Broadway musical, original Martin Beck Theatre Performer
1966Antony and CleopatraOpera Metropolitan Opera Dancer [7]
1960West Side StoryBroadway musical Winter Garden Theatre, Alvin Theatre, and Tour CitiesPerformer

TV and Film

YearTitleTypeRole
1969Change of MindFilmNancy
2023LEAP FOR JOY! In Celebration of National Dance DayShort film, musicalSelf
2023RustinFilm Lucille Randolph
2019Finding JuliaFilmChoreographer [8]
2004Men Without JobsFilmMs. Jackson
1996–2002Law & OrderTV SeriesMultiple episodes: Mrs. Marbury, Appellate Judge #2, Judge Emma Reynolds
2002Driving FishShort filmBetty
2000Seventeen AgainTV MovieGrandma Catherine “Cat” Donovan
2002Sex and the CityTV SeriesLee
1996New York UndercoverTV SeriesMarilyn Ferris
1996BasquiatFilmMatilde
1988A Father's HomecomingTV MovieDoctor
1987AmenTV SeriesCarol Wilson
1987Angel HeartFilmVoodoo Dancer
1985Into the NightFilmAirport Cop
1984Beat StreetFilmAssistant Choreographer [72]
1983The New Odd CoupleTV SeriesBeth St. Clair
1982Hill Street BluesTV SeriesMrs. Reese
1982Lois Gibbs and the Love CanalTV MovieChris
1981MaggieTV SeriesReceptionist
1981Body and SoulFilmChoreographer [8]
1980Scout's HonorTV MovieMrs. Prewett
1978The White ShadowTV SeriesAunt Edna Hayward
1979Three's CompanyTV SeriesSecond Nurse
1979Hart to HartTV SeriesTeacher
1979Miss Winslow and SonTV SeriesCast member
1979The RopersTV SeriesDr. Young
1979Jennifer: A Woman's StoryTV MovieAnnie (secretary)
1976; 1977–1978What's Happening!!TV SeriesMultiple episodes: Mrs. Watson, Elizabeth Duncan
1974Good TimesTV SeriesBrenda Gordon
1978KingTV Mini SeriesMultiple episodes: Mary
1975The JeffersonsTV SeriesSherry Barnes
1977A Piece of the ActionFilmSarah Thomas
1973Book of NumbersFilmPigmeat Goins [73]
1971Going HomeFilmMother at prison
1969Change of MindFilmNancy
1968N.Y.P.D.Ivy

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References

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  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Waters, Sylvia and Hope Clarke interview. Jerome Robbins Dance Division Oral History Project. The New York Public Library for the Performing Arts. April 20, 24, and 25, 2017. 3 streaming files (approximately approximately 4 hours and 55 minutes) : digital + transcript (232 pages). https://legacycatalog.nypl.org/record=b21682817~S1
  3. ↑ San Francisco Examiner, April 30, 1995, p. M10.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 "Hope Clarke". Goodman Theatre. Retrieved 2024-12-20.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Hope Clarke (Choreographer)". Playbill. Archived from the original on 2024-12-03. Retrieved 2024-12-20.
  6. ↑ "Hope Clarke – Broadway Cast & Staff | IBDB". www.ibdb.com. Retrieved 2024-12-20.
  7. 1 2 Opening Night, World Premiere, New Production, ... Antony and Cleopatra, Metropolitan Opera House, September 16, 1966. Metropolitan Opera.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Hope Clarke: Credits, Bio, News & More | Broadway World". www.broadwayworld.com. Retrieved 2024-12-20.
  9. ↑ Don't bother me, I can't cope, 1972. Gospel Music History Archive. Victory Baptist Church (Los Angeles) Archival Collection. University of Southern California. Libraries. 1972. https://digitallibrary.usc.edu/asset-management/2A3BF1O3VHSN3?FR_=1&W=1679&H=992
  10. 1 2 3 4 Herman, Kenneth (1995-03-05). "Performing Arts : 'Porgy' Gets a Cultural Makeover : Director Hope Clarke has added a historic African American flavor to Gershwin's classic characters on Catfish Row". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2024-12-20.
  11. 1 2 3 Segal, Lewis (1995-06-01). "It's Summertime, and the Staging Ain't Easy . . . : Opera: Hope Clarke is unhappy that her work on 'Porgy and Bess' is being modified before its area visit. But the Houston Opera's general director counters that 'it's not a new staging.'". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2024-12-20.
  12. ↑ Matchan, Linda. What made Mr. Ailey Mr. Ailey? New documentary offers a fuller picture of the modern dance pioneer. Washington Post. July 25, 2021. https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/theater_dance/new-alvin-ailey-documentary/2021/07/21/a1bdf592-e67b-11eb-b722-89ea0dde7771_story.html
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  14. ↑ 5 Plus Ensemble. The Ensemble: Meet the Founders. https://5plusensemble.com
  15. ↑ "He's Making a Big Numbers ' Racket" . Retrieved 2024-12-20.
  16. 1 2 Hope Clarke at the Internet Broadway Database
  17. ↑ Richard Christiansen, "`Jelly's Last Jam' Jumps", Chicago Tribune, April 19, 1995.
  18. ↑ "The Making of Jelly's Last Jam". www.tdf.org. Retrieved 2024-12-20.
  19. 1 2 3 "Festival Bruxellons! - National Theatre - Histoire 08 - Nicholas Hytner". www.bruxellons.be. Retrieved 2024-12-20.
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  21. 1 2 Alabama Shakespeare Festival Soars with FLY, Celebrating the legacy of the Tuskegee Airmen, Jan. 26-Feb 11. 2017. Alabama Shakespeare Festival. December 20, 2017. https://asf.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/FLY-PR.pdf
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  23. 1 2 3 Amistad. Opera in Two Acts. Liner notes. https://nwr-site-liner-notes.s3.amazonaws.com/80627.pdf
  24. ↑ Page, Tim. Amistad Misses the Boat: Slave Tale Reduced to a Well-Scored Sermon. Washington Post. November 30, 1997. https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1997/12/01/amistad-misses-the-boat/68e26cd1-fbdb-488d-bbc2-20b71d06915a/
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  26. ↑ "Lack of Diversity in Theatre's Directors and Choreographers". LIVE & IN COLOR. 2019-06-18. Retrieved 2024-12-20.
  27. ↑ "Hope Clarke – FIVE PLUS ENSEMBLE" . Retrieved 2024-12-20.
  28. ↑ "Morgan State to stage 'Porgy and Bess'". Baltimore Sun. 2012-03-23. Retrieved 2024-12-20.
  29. ↑ "Murphy Fine Arts Center Presents – Porgy and Bess". Morgan State University Newsroom. Retrieved 2024-12-20.
  30. ↑ Essence, August 1995, p. 56.
  31. ↑ San Diego Union-Tribune, March 5, 1995, p. D1.
  32. ↑ Opera News, January 21, 1995, pp. 12–16.
  33. ↑ "SDC re-elects Michael John Garcés, Melia Bensussen in 2020 election". Broadway News. 2020-11-17. Retrieved 2024-12-20.
  34. ↑ Wild, Stephi. "Project1VOICE Honors The Lifetime Achievements Of Vinnette Carroll, Hope Clarke, Harold Wheeler And Hattie Winston-Wheeler". BroadwayWorld.com. Retrieved 2024-12-20.
  35. ↑ "2015-2016 Tony Awards Nominating Committee Announced". www.tonyawards.com. Retrieved 2024-12-20.
  36. ↑ "2017-2018 Tony Awards Nominating Committee Announced". www.tonyawards.com. Retrieved 2024-12-20.
  37. ↑ Healy, Patrick (2009-07-21). "Nominating Committee Announced for 2009-2010 Tony Season". ArtsBeat. Retrieved 2024-12-20.
  38. ↑ "2010-2011 Tony Nominating Committee Includes De Shields, Edelstein, Greif, Kaufman and More". Playbill. Archived from the original on 2024-09-13. Retrieved 2024-12-20.
  39. ↑ "Tony Nominating Committee for New Broadway Season Announced". www.backstage.com. 2011-06-17. Retrieved 2024-12-20.
  40. 1 2 "NYC's Harlem-Based Audelco Awards Turn Blue". Playbill. Archived from the original on 2024-09-13. Retrieved 2024-12-20.
  41. ↑ "Stage Directors Elect Ted Pappas New President, Plus Board Officers". Playbill. Archived from the original on 2024-09-13. Retrieved 2024-12-20.
  42. ↑ Brame, Karen D. (2021-09-15). "George C. Wolfe". BlacklistedCulture.com. Retrieved 2024-12-20.
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  44. ↑ "MUSICAL LETS FREEDOM RING". New York Daily News. 2000-09-25. Retrieved 2024-12-20.
  45. ↑ Brown, Donald. Comfort and Joy. New Haven Review. Dec 12, 2018. https://newhavenreview.squarespace.com/?offset=1544879338070&category=Reviews
  46. ↑ "Review: A Christmas Carol A Ghost Story of Christmas at Hartford Stage". OnStage Blog. 2016-12-05. Retrieved 2024-12-20.
  47. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 "Hope Clarke". www.iobdb.com. Retrieved 2024-12-20.
  48. ↑ Grey Gardens The Musical. Bay Street Theatre. https://www.baystreet.org/calendar/grey-gardens/
  49. ↑ Brown, Donald. Look Out, Cleveland. New Haven Review. December 16, 2014. https://www.newhavenreview.com/blog?year=2014
  50. ↑ Sawyer, Jessie. Hartford Stage's 'A Christmas Carol': A Comical Holiday Ghost Story. Patch. Dec 20, 2013. https://patch.com/connecticut/avon/hartford-stages-a-christmas-carol-features-avons-murphy-as-tiny-tims-brother
  51. ↑ Hetrick, Adam, and Andrew Gans. George C. Wolfe Honored with 2011 Mr. Abbott Award. Playbill. Oct. 3, 2011. https://playbill.com/article/george-c-wolfe-honored-with-2011-mr-abbott-award-oct-3-com-183134
  52. ↑ Deni, Laura. Broadway To Vegas. October 10, 2010. https://www.broadwaytovegas.com/October10,2010.html
  53. ↑ Agnes De Mille : From Ballet to Broadway. Dance Enthusiast. https://www.dance-enthusiast.com/dance-listings/events/view/Agnes-De-Mille-From-Ballet-to-Broadway-2010-10-11/
  54. ↑ Gold, Sylviane. Delving Into the Black Experience, Generation by Generation. New York Times.October 31, 2008. https://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/02/nyregion/connecticut/02theaterct.html
  55. ↑ Oxman, Steven. The Dreams of Sarah Breedlove. Variety. June 27, 2006. https://variety.com/2006/legit/reviews/the-dreams-of-sarah-breedlove-1200515143/
  56. ↑ Blankenship, Mark. The Learned Ladies of Park Avenue. Variety. October 3, 2005. https://variety.com/2005/legit/reviews/the-learned-ladies-of-park-avenue-1200521367/
  57. ↑ Creative Team. Stormy Weather. Broadway World. https://www.broadwayworld.com/shows/creative.php?showid=7322
  58. ↑ Willow Cabin Theater Company presents The Odyssey. 2002. https://www.abouttheartists.com/productions/183935-the-odyssey-at-the-theater-at-st-clements-2002
  59. ↑ Hartford Stage Begins "A Ghost of Christmas." Hartford Courant. Nov. 16, 2000. https://www.courant.com/2000/11/16/hartford-stage-begins-a-ghost-of-christmas/
  60. ↑ Ehren, Christine. Reggie Montgomery Is A Prophet Among Them at OB's Blue Heron June 21-July 15. Playbill. June 21, 2001. https://playbill.com/article/reggie-montgomery-is-a-prophet-among-them-at-obs-blue-heron-june-21-july-15-com-97358
  61. ↑ Burns, Gail M. Mack and Mabel. Review. June, 1999. https://myvanwy.tripod.com/companies/barrington/mackmabel.html
  62. ↑ Simonson, Robert. Jeff McCarthy and Kelli Rabke Are Barrington's Mack and Mabel, June 22. Playbill. June 22, 1999. https://playbill.com/article/jeff-mccarthy-and-kelli-rabke-are-barringtons-mack-and-mabel-june-22-com-82697
  63. ↑ Lincoln, Ivan M. 'South Pacific' a lush, beautifully staged production. Deseret News. April 29, 1999. https://www.deseret.com/1999/4/29/19442711/south-pacific-a-lush-beautifully-staged-production/
  64. ↑ 7 Things to Learn About. Chicago Tribune. August 22, 2021. https://www.chicagotribune.com/2008/11/16/7-things-to-learn-about/
  65. ↑ Andres Teuber. Cambridge Theatre Company Productions 1997 -98. https://people.brandeis.edu/~teuber/ctc92_98.html
  66. ↑ Launched March 6, 2020: The Lyric Opera of Chicago’s World Premiere of Amistad. Chicago History Museum. https://www.chicagohistory.org/exhibition/lyric-opera-chicago-amistad/
  67. ↑ A... My Name Will Always Be Alice > Barrington Stage Company. Cast Albums. 1996. https://castalbums.org/recordings/A-My-Name-Will-Always-Be-Alice-1996-Barrington-Stage-Company/3926
  68. ↑ The Tempest. Broadway. Play. Revival. Playbill. 1995. https://playbill.com/production/the-tempest-broadhurst-theatre-vault-0000002004#carousel-cell134948
  69. ↑ Production History. LaJolla Playhouse. https://lajollaplayhouse.org/who-we-are/about-the-playhouse/production-history/
  70. ↑ Holland, Bernard. Review/Opera; A Modest 'Cosi' in Which the Comedy Prevails. New York Times. Sept. 10, 1991. https://www.nytimes.com/1991/09/10/arts/review-opera-a-modest-cosi-in-which-the-comedy-prevails.html
  71. ↑ The Negros Burial Ground: A Cantata for the Departed. Program. Opera Ebony bio. The Kitchen. May 1996. http://archive.thekitchen.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Program_The-Negros-Burial-Ground_Jenkins_1996.pdf
  72. ↑ Hope Clarke. AFI Catalog. https://catalog.afi.com/Person/71006-Hope-Clarke?sid=67c0a1d9-a371-4491-b842-d7b3d5aa1dcf&sr=10.804653&cp=1&pos=0&isMiscCredit=false
  73. ↑ Greenspun, Roger. Film: 'Book of Numbers':St. Jacques Focuses on Southern Town The Cast. New York Times. April 12, 1973. https://www.nytimes.com/1973/04/12/archives/film-book-of-numbersst-jacques-focuses-on-southern-town-the-cast.html
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