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Vieille Montagne was a zinc mine in Kelmis,a town in Belgium between Liège and Aachen. The mine's name is French for "old mountain",and this is also reflected in its German name,Altenberg. The mine was once a bone of contention between Prussia on the one side and the United Kingdom of the Netherlands on the other,that resulted in a piece of land that became the territory of Neutral Moresnet.
The Vaalserberg is a hill with a height of 322.4 metres (1,058 ft) above NAP and is the highest point in the European part of the Netherlands. The Vaalserberg is located in the province of Limburg,at the south-easternmost edge of the country,near the town of Vaals.
Neutral Moresnet was a small Belgian–Prussian condominium in western Europe that existed from 1816 to 1920 and was administered jointly by the United Kingdom of the Netherlands and the Kingdom of Prussia. It was 1.5 kilometres (1 mi) wide and five kilometres (3 mi) long,with an area of 360 hectares. After 1830,the territory's northernmost border point at Vaalserberg connected it to a quadripoint shared additionally with the Dutch Province of Limburg,the Prussian Rhine Province,and the Belgian Liège Province. Its former location is represented presently by the Three-Country Point,the meeting place of the borders of Belgium,Germany,and the Netherlands.
Vaals is a town in the extreme southeastern part of the Dutch province of Limburg,which is in the southeastern part of the Netherlands.
Kelmis is a municipality located in the Belgian province of Liège,named for the historical deposits of calamine nearby. As of 2011,the population was 10,881;the area is 18.1 square kilometres (7.0 sq mi) and the population density is 601.2 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,557/sq mi).
The Treaty of London of 1839,was signed on 19 April 1839 between the Concert of Europe,the United Kingdom of the Netherlands and the Kingdom of Belgium. It was a direct follow-up to the 1831 Treaty of the XVIII Articles,which the Netherlands had refused to sign,and the result of negotiations at the London Conference of 1838–1839.
The Allies,or the Entente powers,were an international military coalition of countries led by the French Third Republic,the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,the Russian Empire,the United States,the Kingdom of Italy,and the Empire of Japan against the Central Powers of the German Empire,the Austro-Hungarian Empire,the Ottoman Empire,and the Kingdom of Bulgaria during the First World War (1914–1918).
Arnold Timothée Albert Francois Joseph de Lasaulx was a Belgian politician who served as the first Mayor of Neutral Moresnet from 1817 until 1859. Having served for more than 41 years,he was Neutral Moresnet's longest-serving mayor,having served for nearly half of the territory's existence.
Eupen-Malmedy is a small,predominantly German-speaking region in eastern Belgium. It consists of three administrative cantons around the towns of Eupen,Malmedy,and Sankt Vith which encompass some 730 square kilometres (280 sq mi). Elsewhere in Belgium,the region is commonly referred to as the East Cantons.
Adolf Hubert van Scherpenzeel-Thim was Mayor of Neutral Moresnet,a small neutral territory,from 21 February 1859 until 30 May 1859. Having served less than 4 months,he was the territory's shortest-serving mayor.
Pierre Grignard was a Belgian politician who served as the last Mayor of Neutral Moresnet from 1918 until 1920,when the territory was dissolved and annexed by Belgium as part of the Treaty of Versailles. Grignard subsequently served as the first mayor of the Belgian municipality of Kelmis until 1923.
Wilhelm Kyll (1876–1956) was a German politician who served as the Mayor of Neutral Moresnet from 29 March 1915 until 7 December 1918.
The African Theatre of the First World War comprises campaigns in North Africa instigated by the German and Ottoman empires,local rebellions against European colonial rule and Allied campaigns against the German colonies of Kamerun,Togoland,German South West Africa,and German East Africa. The campaigns were fought by German Schutztruppe,local resistance movements and forces of the British Empire,France,Italy,Belgium,and Portugal.
The destruction and sacking of the city of Kalisz by German troops took place from 2 August until 22 August 1914 at the beginning of World War I. The event is also known as the Pogrom of Kalisz or Poland's Louvain.
A neutral zone is a delimited zone bordering at least one of the states that has agreed to set up a neutral territory. This has occurred in the past and/or present for:
The German occupation of Belgium of World War I was a military occupation of Belgium by the forces of the German Empire between 1914 and 1918. Beginning in August 1914 with the invasion of neutral Belgium,the country was almost completely overrun by German troops before the winter of the same year as the Allied forces withdrew westwards. The Belgian government went into exile,while King Albert I and the Belgian Army continued to fight on a section of the Western Front. Under the German military,Belgium was divided into three separate administrative zones. The majority of the country fell within the General Government,a formal occupation administration ruled by a German general,while the others,closer to the front line,came under more repressive direct military rule.
The Netherlands remained neutral during World War I,a stance that arose partly from a strict policy of neutrality in international affairs that started in 1830,with the secession of Belgium from the Netherlands. Dutch neutrality was not guaranteed by the major powers in Europe and was not part of the Dutch constitution. The country's neutrality was based on the belief that its strategic position between the German Empire,German-occupied Belgium,and the British guaranteed its safety.
Oskar Anton Bilharz was Mayor of Neutral Moresnet,a small neutral territory,from 7 February 1882 until 20 June 1885.
Neu-Moresnet is a village and sub-municipality of Kelmis in the German-speaking community of the province of Liège,Wallonia,Belgium. The village was founded as Prussian-Moresnet as part of the Lower Rhine Province. In 1919,after World War I,it was awarded to Belgium,and renamed Neu-Moresnet. In 1940,it was annexed by Nazi Germany,and in 1944,it was returned to Belgium. Neu-Moresnet was an independent municipality until 1977 when it was merged into Kelmis.
Moresnet is a village and sub-municipality of Plombières in the province of Liège,Wallonia,Belgium. It was originally a German speaking village. Nowadays French is the official language.
References
- ↑ "Belgium".
- ↑ Musgrave, George Clarke (1918). "The Belgian Prelude". Under Four Flags for France. New York: D. Appleton & Company. p. 8. hdl:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t8qb9xr4b. LCCN 18003816. OCLC 1157994. OL 7209571M.
As a proof of German preparation, war had come automatically at 7 a.m., August 3 [1914]. At 23 o'clock (Belgian time) the outposts on the main roads holding Pepinster, Battice, Herve and smaller hamlets, were heavily engaged and finally forced back to the fortified lines of [Liège]. The pretty towns defended near the frontier were soon flaming ruins, the quaint neutral territory of Moresnet rising as an oasis in a desert of destruction.
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