Related Research Articles
Pseudogenes are nonfunctional segments of DNA that resemble functional genes. Most arise as superfluous copies of functional genes, either directly by DNA duplication or indirectly by reverse transcription of an mRNA transcript. Pseudogenes are usually identified when genome sequence analysis finds gene-like sequences that lack regulatory sequences needed for transcription or translation, or whose coding sequences are obviously defective due to frameshifts or premature stop codons.
Olfactory receptors (ORs), also known as odorant receptors, are chemoreceptors expressed in the cell membranes of olfactory receptor neurons and are responsible for the detection of odorants which give rise to the sense of smell. Activated olfactory receptors trigger nerve impulses which transmit information about odor to the brain. These receptors are members of the class A rhodopsin-like family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). The olfactory receptors form a multigene family consisting of around 800 genes in humans and 1400 genes in mice.
Ectopic is a word used with a prefix, ecto, meaning “out of place.” Ectopic expression is an abnormal gene expression in a cell type, tissue type, or developmental stage in which the gene is not usually expressed. The term ectopic expression is predominately used in studies using metazoans, especially in Drosophila melanogaster for research purposes.
Olfactory receptor 1D2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OR1D2 gene.
Olfactory receptor 3A1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OR3A1 gene.
Olfactory receptor 3A2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OR3A2 gene.
Olfactory receptor 1D4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OR1D4 gene.
Olfactory receptor 1D5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OR1D5 gene. Olfactory receptors interact with odorant molecules in the nose, to initiate a neuronal response that triggers the perception of a smell. The olfactory receptor proteins are members of a large family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) arising from single coding-exon genes. Olfactory receptors share a 7-transmembrane domain structure with many neurotransmitter and hormone receptors and are responsible for the recognition and G protein-mediated transduction of odorant signals. The olfactory receptor gene family is the largest in the genome. The nomenclature assigned to the olfactory receptor genes and proteins for this organism is independent of other organisms.
Olfactory receptor 1E1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OR1E1 gene.
Olfactory receptor 1E2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OR1E2 gene.
Olfactory receptor 1G1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OR1G1 gene.
Olfactory receptor 3A3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OR3A3 gene.
Olfactory receptor 5I1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OR5I1 gene.
Olfactory receptor 2K2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OR2K2 gene.
Olfactory receptor 10A7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OR10A7 gene.
Olfactory receptor 5F1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OR5F1 gene.
Olfactory receptor 13H1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OR13H1 gene.
Olfactory receptor 3A4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OR3A4 gene.
Olfactory receptor 5AU1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OR5AU1 gene.
Doron Lancet is an Israeli human geneticist. He is the Ralph D. and Lois R. Silver Professor of Human Genomics and head of the Crown Human Genome Center at the Weizmann Institute of Science. He is known for researching the genetic basis of olfaction, and for developing the human genetics database GeneCards.
References
- 1 2 Olender, T; Nativ, N; Lancet, D (2013). HORDE: Comprehensive Resource for Olfactory Receptor Genomics. Methods in Molecular Biology. Vol. 1003. pp. 23–38. doi:10.1007/978-1-62703-377-0_2. ISBN 978-1-62703-376-3. PMID 23585031.
- ↑ Safran, M.; Chalifa-Caspi, V.; Shmueli, O.; Olender, T.; Lapidot, M.; Rosen, N.; Shmoish, M.; Peter, Y.; et al. (Jan 2003). "Human Gene-Centric Databases at the Weizmann Institute of Science: GeneCards, UDB, CroW 21 and HORDE". Nucleic Acids Res. 31 (1): 142–6. doi:10.1093/nar/gkg050. PMC 165497 . PMID 12519968.
- ↑ Glusman, G; Yanai, I; Rubin, I; Lancet, D (May 2001). "The complete human olfactory subgenome". Genome Research. 11 (5): 685–702. doi: 10.1101/gr.171001 . PMID 11337468.
- ↑ Olender, T; Feldmesser, E; Atarot, T; Eisenstein, M; Lancet, D (Dec 30, 2004). "The olfactory receptor universe--from whole genome analysis to structure and evolution". Genetics and Molecular Research. 3 (4): 545–53. PMID 15688320.
- ↑ WIS Website