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Humphrey Dethick (born 1577) was an English merchant in Italy who killed a man in Scotland in 1602 during a royal christening. [1]
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Humphrey Dethick (born 1577) was an English merchant in Italy who killed a man in Scotland in 1602 during a royal christening. [1]
He was the son of William Dethick and his wife Helen, of Smithston in Derbyshire. He went to school in Ashbourne, and then was briefly at Cambridge. Dethick said his father was a gentleman who sold his inheritance to a Londoner called Storie. He then went to sea, taking French and Spanish prizes with Captain Clegmond. After this he worked for Richard May, a London merchant tailor and woollen draper in Watling Street. His brother Edward Dethick was a silk man in London. [2]
Baptist Hicks employed him as his factor in Italy. [3] Hicks employed factors to ensure the high quality of the fabrics he imported. [4] In Florence a prostitute introduced Dethick to Lorenzo Lucenbardis (Usimbardi), a secretary of Ferdinando I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany. In Scotland, Dethick had a "stomacher", apparently a jewel, which Usimbardi had given him. He was involved a shipping dispute that came to the attention of Sir Robert Cecil. Dethick left Italy and travelled through France and took a boat to Leith. He had thought of going to Turkey from France and had written to Sir Thomas Shirley, an adventurer who planned to attack the Ottoman Empire, but this didn't work out. In Scotland he hoped to get a royal licence to export leather to Ireland and make his fortune. Roger Aston, an English courtier, introduced him to the king. [5]
Robert, the son of James VI of Scotland and Anne of Denmark was christened on 2 May 1602 at Dunfermline Palace. [6] The court and guests assembled at Dunfermline before the event, and the day before the christening Dethick killed a man called James Chambers with a rapier, and wounded two other bystanders, including a barber who was fixing Chamber's hair. On the previous day Dethick had become distressed and Roger Aston had calmed him down. It was thought he might have come to Scotland to assassinate the king. [7] [8]
Dethick was arrested and imprisoned. He seemed insane and was examined by the court physicians, probably Martin Schöner and John Naysmyth, who declared that he was faking his madness. [9] Dethick claimed that he had heard a prophecy in Spain that he should kill someone. Thomas Douglas heard that his father was a baker in London, and that he would be tortured using the rack. He was taken as a prisoner to Edinburgh Castle and claimed his actions sprang from the "madness of drink" only. His trial was delayed because the illness of the king's son Robert, and the king remained at Dunfermline. James was hesitant to punish a man from England who also seemed unfit for trial. [10]
Sir John Carey at Berwick-upon-Tweed heard that Dethick was asleep in his chamber at Dunfermline when others including the victim came into the room to take away his weapons. The details of his confession were kept secret, but it seemed to Carey that Dethick enjoyed the king's favour. [11] News of the events were reported in London, and John Chamberlain wrote on 17 June, [12] "we have likewise much talk of one Dethicke (sometime factor for Hickes in Cheapside at Florence) that should come thence into Scotland with intent to kill the king, but being unable to bear the burden of such an enterprise fell distract and beside himself." [13] [14] [15] Robert Cecil and Queen Elizabeth began to suspect Dethick had been involved in a plot to kill James VI, and sent letters written by Dethick in Italian to Scotland. Dethick sent a petition to James VI saying he came to Scotland only to revive his ancient family's fortune. [16] Elizabeth did not want James VI to spare Dethick any severity on account of him being English. Meanwhile, in June, Dethick's mental health declined and he tore off his clothes. James VI passed the Italian letters to David Foulis for translations. [17]
Dethick's fate is unclear. News of his imprisonment was current in London, and on 27 June Philip Gawdy wrote:
The King of Spain is chief instrument in all, and his finger was deeply in a conspiracy lately intended against the King of Scots, to have been performed by a fellow that was Hix [Baptist Hicks] his man of Cheapside, and an Italian that came not according to appointment. They two should have murdered the King, but the other was taken and has grown mad since his imprisonment. [18]
Robert Bruce Stuart, Duke of Kintyre and Lorne was the fifth child of James VI of Scotland and Anne of Denmark. He was born at Dunfermline Palace, Fife. On 2 May 1602 he was created Duke of Kintyre and Lorne, Marquess of Wigton, Earl of Carrick and Lord of Annandale. He died at Dunfermline Palace on 27 May 1602 and was buried at Holyrood Abbey.
Dunfermline Palace is a ruined former Scottish royal palace and important tourist attraction in Dunfermline, Fife, Scotland. It is currently, along with other buildings of the adjacent Dunfermline Abbey, under the care of Historic Environment Scotland as a scheduled monument.
Alexander Seton, 1st Earl of Dunfermline (1555–1622) was a Scottish lawyer, judge and politician. He served as Lord President of the Court of Session from 1598 to 1604, Lord Chancellor of Scotland from 1604 to 1622 and as a Lord High Commissioner to the Parliament of Scotland.
William Schaw was Master of Works to James VI of Scotland for building castles and palaces, and is claimed to have been an important figure in the development of Freemasonry in Scotland.
Robert Bowes (1535?–1597) was an English diplomat, stationed as permanent ambassador to Scotland from 1577 to 1583.
Patrick Gray, 6th Lord Gray, known most of his life as Patrick, Master of Gray, was a Scottish nobleman and politician during the reigns of Mary, Queen of Scots and James VI of Scotland.
John Carey, 3rd Baron Hunsdon was an English peer, politician and Governor of Berwick-upon-Tweed.
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Margaret Stuart was the second daughter of King James VI of Scotland and Anne of Denmark. Sometime in March 1600, Margaret died of an unknown illness and she was buried in Holyrood Abbey. Three years later, her father ascended the throne of England.
Sir Roger Aston of Cranford, Middlesex, was an English courtier and favourite of James VI of Scotland.
Thomas Foulis was a Scottish goldsmith, mine entrepreneur, and royal financier.
John Murray, 1st Earl of Tullibardine was a Scottish courtier and leader of the Clan Murray.
Barbara Ruthven was a Scottish courtier and favourite of Anne of Denmark, expelled from court after the death of her brother.
Niels Krag (1550-1602), was a Danish academic and diplomat.
Robert Jousie was a Scottish textile merchant, financier, and courtier. He was involved in the collection and administration of the English subsidy of James VI.
Francis Mowbray or Moubray was a Scottish intriguer.
George Nicholson or Nicolson, was an English diplomat in Scotland.
Queen Elizabeth I of England paid a subsidy to King James VI of Scotland from 1586 to 1602. This enabled her to influence James by delaying or deferring payments to his diplomats in London. Records survive of the yearly amounts, and details of the expenditure in some years. A large proportion of the money was spent on the royal wardrobe of James and Anne of Denmark. Some royal expenses were met by Anne of Denmark's dowry, which was known as the "tocher". The regular incomes of the Scottish crown were feudal rents, customs, and "compositions" charged on grants of land. Accounts for royal incomes and payments survive as the exchequer rolls and lord treasurer's accounts and have been published as historical sources.
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Valentine Thomas was an English servant or soldier whose confession in 1598 as a would-be assassin of Elizabeth I caused tension between England and Scotland. Thomas's confession implicated James VI of Scotland, who wrote several letters to Elizabeth to ensure his rights to English throne were unharmed.