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Hzak (Hza, Kzak) - the Cumans Khan, the head of the Cumans Of Don river (the Burchevichs), a son of the Beglyuk (Belyuk) [1] Khan. In chronicles he is called Koza Burnovich. [2] However, it's not excluding, that Kzak Belyukovich and Koza Burnovich are different persons.
The Hypatian Codex narrate about defeat of Hzak by the Olgovichs in 1166:
In that winter the Olgovichs attacked the Cumans, the winter was very frosty and Oleg received Hzak's lands, his wife and children, his gold and silver, and Yaroslav received Beglyuk's lands..."
According to S. Pletnyova, [3] this text is not about Hzak, but about Kozel Satanovich, who died near the river Chartoriya in 1180. In 1185 Hzak took part in the battle with Igor Svyatoslavich as an ally of Konchak, and Roman Hzych, a son of Hzak, captured Vsevolod Svyatoslavich, who is a brother of Igor. After the victory over Igor, Hzak raided Posemye, there were no defenders, including Putyvl, while Konchak raided to lands near the Dnieper river, and married his daughter with Igor's son.
"And he invaded their lands and fired their villages. He also fired a fortress near the Putyvl."
All these notations are in Russian language
Prince Igor is an opera in four acts with a prologue, written and composed by Alexander Borodin. The composer adapted the libretto from the early Russian epic The Lay of Igor's Host, which recounts the campaign of the 12th-century prince Igor Svyatoslavich against the invading Cuman ("Polovtsian") tribes in 1185. He also incorporated material drawn from two medieval Kievan chronicles. The opera was left unfinished upon the composer's death in 1887 and was edited and completed by Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov and Alexander Glazunov. It was first performed in St. Petersburg, Russia, in 1890.
Koshchei, also Kashchei often given the epithet "the Immortal", or "the Deathless", is an archetypal male antagonist in Russian folklore.
The Cumans or Kumans were a Turkic nomadic people from Central Asia comprising the western branch of the Cuman–Kipchak confederation who spoke the Cuman language. They are referred to as Polovtsy in Rus', Cumans in Western and Kipchaks in Eastern sources.
Vsevolod IV Svyatoslavich the Red or Vsevolod Chermnyi was at various times grand prince of Kiev. A member of the Olgovichi clan, he was also prince of Chernigov (1204–1206/1208) and of Belgorod (1205). His baptismal name was Daniil.
Michael of Chernigov or Mikhail Vsevolodovich was a Rus' prince of the Olgovichi clan. He was grand prince of Kiev, 1236–1240, 1240, 1241–1243); and he was also prince of Pereyaslavl (1206), of Novgorod-Seversk (1219–1226), of Chernigov, of Novgorod, and of Halych (1235–1236).
Severia or Siveria is a historical region in present-day southwest Russia, northern Ukraine, and eastern Belarus. The largest part lies in modern Russia, while the central part of the region is the city of Chernihiv in Ukraine.
Igor Svyatoslavich, nicknamed the Brave, was Prince of Novgorod-Seversk (1180–1198) and Prince of Chernigov (1198–1201/1202).
Köten was a Cuman–Kipchak chieftain (khan) and military commander active in the mid-13th century. He forged an important alliance with the Kievan Rus' against the Mongols but was ultimately defeated by them at the Kalka River in 1223. After the Mongol victory, Köten led 40,000 "huts" to Hungary, where he became an ally of the Hungarian king and accepted Catholicism, but was nonetheless assassinated by the Hungarian nobility.
Mstislav II Svyatoslavich was a Kievan Rus' prince. His baptismal name was Panteleymon. He was probably prince of Kozelsk (1194–1223), of Novgorod-Seversk (1206–1219), and of Chernigov (1215/1220–1223). He was killed in the Battle of the Kalka River.
Gleb Svyatoslavich was a Kievan Rus' prince. His baptismal name was Pakhomy. He was prince of Kaniv, of Belgorod (1205–1206), and of Chernigov (1206/1208–1215/1220). He helped to pay for the Church of St. Paraskeva Pyatnitsa in Chernigov.
Oleg III Svyatoslavich was a Kievan Rus' prince. His baptismal name was Feodosy. He was prince of Vshchizh, of Novgorod-Seversk (1200–1201), and of Chernigov (1201/1202–1204).
Yaroslav II Vsevolodovich was an Olgovichi prince. He was prince of Ropesk, of Starodub (1166–1176), and of Chernigov (1176–1198).
Vladimir III Svyatoslavich was an Olgovichi prince. His baptismal name was Boris. He was prince of Gomiy (1164–?), of Novgorod, of Karachev (1194–?), and probably of Novgorod-Seversk (1198–1200).
Vladimir III Igorevich was an Olgovichi prince. He was the son of Igor Svyatoslavich and Euphrosyne Yaroslavna. He was with his father during his campaign against the Cumans on 13 April 1185, immortalized in the epic The Tale of Igor's Campaign; he participated in the first battle, wherein he set off ahead of the main group along with Svyatoslav Olgovich of Rylsk and defeated the Cuman forces. However, he was captured in the second battle by Khans Gzak and Konchak. The Tale of Igor’s Campaign describes how, after Igor escaped from captivity, Gzak and Konchak debated whether to kill Vladimir or entice him into marrying a Cuman maiden:
Alasha is one of the most powerful and the oldest of the Kazakh tribes. Alasha is a member of the Bai-Uly tribe confederation, which is a part of Kishi Zhuz. Bai-Uly includes 12 tribes – Alasha, Berish, Adai, Taz, Altyn, Baibakty, Zhappas, Kyzylkurt, Esentemir, Maskar, Sherkesh, Tana. The battle cry of Alasha is "BaiBarak!". In 1897, members of the Bai-Uly tribe confederation numbered 600,000, or 16.2% of all Kazakhs.
In 1240, Batu Khan led a raid into Ruthenia as part of the Mongol invasion of Rus'. It took place three years after Batu's 1237 conquests of Volga Bulgaria and the Principality of Vladimir-Suzdal.
David Rostislavich, Prince of Smolensk (1180–1198) was fourth son of Rostislav Mstislavich, Velikiy Kniaz of Kiev.
Könchek was a Polovtsian khan of 12th century.
The Kievan Chronicle or Kyivan Chronicle is a chronicle of Kievan Rus'. It was written around 1200 in Vydubychi Monastery as a continuation of the Primary Chronicle. It is known from a single copy in the 15th-century Hypatian Codex, where it is sandwiched between the Primary Chronicle and the Galician–Volhynian Chronicle. It covers the period from 1118, where the Primary Chronicle ends, until 1200, although its final entry is misdated to 1199. A final short notice mentions the start of the reign of Roman the Great as "autocrat of all Russia" in 1201.
