ICL cartridges

Last updated
.300 ICL Grizzly
300 ICL Grizzly.jpg
.300 ICL Grizzly with Barnes 180 gr triple-shock bullet
Type Rifle
Place of origin United States
Production history
DesignerVern S. Juenke
Designed1960s
ManufacturerSaturn Rifle
Produced1960s
Specifications
Parent case .300 H&H Magnum
Case typeBelted Bottleneck
Bullet diameter.308 in (7.8 mm)
Neck diameter.340 in (8.6 mm)
Shoulder diameter.460 in (11.7 mm)
Base diameter.532 in (13.5 mm)
Rim diameter.532 in (13.5 mm)
Rim thickness.05 in (1.3 mm)
Case length2.610 in (66.3 mm)
Overall length3.540 in (89.9 mm)
Case capacity82.8  gr H2O (5.37 cm3)
Rifling twist1-10
Primer typeLarge rifle magnum
Maximum CUP65000 CUP
Ballistic performance
Bullet mass/typeVelocityEnergy
150 gr (10 g) SP3,590 ft/s (1,090 m/s)4,292 ft⋅lbf (5,819 J)
180 gr (12 g) SP3,460 ft/s (1,050 m/s)4,784 ft⋅lbf (6,486 J)
220 gr (14 g) SP3,200 ft/s (980 m/s)5,002 ft⋅lbf (6,782 J)
Source(s): P.O. Ackley [1]

ICL cartridges (ICL stands for Increased Case Load) are rare hunting wildcat cartridges developed by Arnold & Vern Juenke, [2] gunsmiths who owned Saturn Gun Works in Reno, Nevada. ICL cartridges are wildcats based on conventional cases in use at the time. They feature a 45 degree shoulder [3] and the sides are straightened out compared to the parent cartridge. Most of the cartridges are considered improved cartridges since they simply create more powder space while maintaining the same caliber as the parent cartridge. Most of the line of cartridges carries an animal name in addition to a numeric designation. It is one of the most complete lines of wildcats, having a large number of cartridges with a variety of calibers. [4]

Contents

Quality Cartridge is the only manufacturer making new brass cases correctly headstamped for many ICL cartridges. [5]

.22 caliber cartridges

.22 ICL Gopher

Based on an improved .22 Hornet, it is similar to the K-hornet. Performance using a 40-grain (2.6 g) bullet is 2,515 to 2,705 ft/s (767 to 824 m/s). [4]

.218 ICL Bobcat

Based on the .218 Bee. [3] It's similar to the Mashburn Bee and the R-2 Lovell and can move a 40-grain (2.6 g) bullet at 2,675 to 3,125 ft/s (815 to 952 m/s) [6]

.224 ICL Benchrester

Based on the .250-3000 Savage case, with performance similar to a .219 Wasp. Performance for a 45-grain (2.9 g) bullet is 3,341 to 3,921 ft/s (1,018 to 1,195 m/s), for a 55-grain (3.6 g) bullet is 3,211 to 3,721 ft/s (979 to 1,134 m/s), and for a 63-grain (4.1 g) bullet is approximately 3,000 ft/s (910 m/s), [7]

.219 ICL Wolverine

Based on a .219 Zipper Improved, the Wolverine is useful for varmint hunting, such as woodchucks. [3] Performance with a 45-grain (2.9 g) bullet is approximately 3,750 ft/s (1,140 m/s) and with a 55-grain (3.6 g) bullet is approximately 3,450 ft/s (1,050 m/s) [8]

.224 ICL Marmot

The Marmot is based on the .220 Swift with improved characteristics such as steeper sides and shoulder angle, but is not improved in the sense that you cannot fire form factory ammunition in its chamber. Performance with a 50-grain (3.2 g) bullet is approximately 3,875 ft/s (1,181 m/s) and with a 55-grain (3.6 g) bullet is approximately 3,755 ft/s (1,145 m/s). P.O. Ackley noted that it is more efficient than standard .220 Swift improved cartridges, and not over-bore. [9]

.24-.26 caliber cartridges

.25 ICL Magnum

The .25 ICL is a necked-down improved version of the .264 Winchester Magnum. It is similar to the .257 Weatherby. [10] Performance with a 87-grain (5.6 g) bullet is approximately 3,900 ft/s (1,200 m/s) and with a 100-grain (6.5 g) bullet is approximately 3,700 ft/s (1,100 m/s). [11]

.25-35 ICL Coyote

Based on the .25-35 Winchester and similar to the .25/35 Ackley Improved. Can also be made by necking-down .30-30. P.O. Ackley calls it "efficient and surprising". Performance with a 87-grain (5.6 g) bullet is approximately 3,100 ft/s (940 m/s) and with a 100-grain (6.5 g) bullet is approximately 2,650 ft/s (810 m/s). [12]

.257 ICL Whitetail

The Whitetail is based on the .257 Roberts and is a standard improved cartridge. Performance with a 100-grain (6.5 g) bullet is approximately 3,200 ft/s (980 m/s) and with a 117-grain (7.6 g) bullet is approximately 3,040 ft/s (930 m/s). [13]

.25-270 ICL Ram

The Ram is based on a .270 Winchester that is necked-down and blown-out. At the time it was considered an over-bore cartridge, before the advent of more appropriate slower-burning powder. Performance with a 100-grain (6.5 g) bullet is approximately 3,700 ft/s (1,100 m/s) and with a 117-grain (7.6 g) bullet is approximately 3,450 ft/s (1,050 m/s). [14]

6.5 ICL Boar

The Boar is based on a .270 Winchester that is necked-down and blown-out. Performance with a 150-grain (9.7 g) bullet is approximately 2,855 ft/s (870 m/s). [15]

6.5mm ICL Magnum

The 6.5 ICL is an improved .264 Winchester Magnum but with a longer neck for easier handloading. Performance with a 120-grain (7.8 g) bullet is approximately 3,545 ft/s (1,081 m/s) and with a 140-grain (9.1 g) bullet is approximately 3,315 ft/s (1,010 m/s). [16]

.27-.28 caliber cartridges

.277 ICL Flying Saucer

The Flying Saucer is a necked-up blown-out .257 Roberts. Performance with a 140-grain (9.1 g) bullet is approximately 3,150 ft/s (960 m/s) and with a 175-grain (11.3 g) bullet is approximately 2,565 ft/s (782 m/s). [17]

.270 ICL Magnum

The .270 ICL is an improved .264 Winchester Magnum necked up to .270. It's a relatively efficient cartridge for its class. Performance with a 130-grain (8.4 g) bullet is approximately 3,405 ft/s (1,038 m/s) and with a 150-grain (9.7 g) bullet is approximately 3,250 ft/s (990 m/s). [18]

7mm ICL Magnum

The 7mm ICL is an improved .264 Winchester Magnum necked up to .7mm. Performance with a 140-grain (9.1 g) bullet is approximately 3,405 ft/s (1,038 m/s) and with a 160-grain (10 g) bullet is approximately 3,230 ft/s (980 m/s). [19]

7mm ICL Tortilla

The Tortilla is an improved 7x57. Performance with a 100-grain (6.5 g) bullet is approximately 3,200 ft/s (980 m/s) and with a 117-grain (7.6 g) bullet is approximately 3,040 ft/s (930 m/s). [20]

7mm ICL Wapiti

The Wapiti is a more complicated wildcat based on the .300 H&H Magnum being necked-down, trimmed, and then fire-formed. The large case is well-suited to heavy bullets. Performance with a 160-grain (10 g) bullet is approximately 3,225 ft/s (983 m/s). [21]

.30 caliber cartridges

.300 ICL Tornado

The Tornado is based on a .257 Roberts case that is improved and necked to .30 caliber, essentially the same as the .277 ICL Flying Saucer, but necked-up. Performance with a 150-grain (9.7 g) bullet is up to 3,360 ft/s (1,020 m/s), with a 180-grain (12 g) bullet is up to 3,030 ft/s (920 m/s) and with a 220-grain (14 g) bullet is up to 2,800 ft/s (850 m/s). [22]

.30/06 ICL Caribou

The Caribou is an improved .30-06. With heavy bullets it can reach the same level as factory loads for the .300 H&H Magnum. Performance with a 150-grain (9.7 g) bullet is up to 3,041 ft/s (927 m/s), with a 180-grain (12 g) bullet is up to 2,791 ft/s (851 m/s) and with a 220-grain (14 g) bullet is up to 2,336 ft/s (712 m/s). [23]

.30 ICL Grizzly Cub

The Grizzly Cub is a shortened magnum for standard length actions. It's created by re-forming either a .338 Winchester Magnum or .308 Norma Magnum. P.O. Ackley favored short .30 caliber magnums and called it "highly recommended." Performance with a 150-grain (9.7 g) bullet is up to 3,590 ft/s (1,090 m/s), with a 180-grain (12 g) bullet is up to 3,200 ft/s (980 m/s) and with a 220-grain (14 g) bullet is up to 2,705 ft/s (824 m/s). [24]

.300 ICL Grizzly

Left to right: .308 Win, .30-06, .300 Weatherby, .300 ICL Grizzly, .300 RUM 308 30-06 300Wby 300ICL 300RUM.jpg
Left to right: .308 Win, .30-06, .300 Weatherby, .300 ICL Grizzly, .300 RUM

.300 ICL Grizzly' is based on the .300 H&H Magnum, and indeed the two are so similar that .300 H&H ammunition can safely be fired through a rifle chambered in .300 ICL Grizzly, as can the ammunition of another .300 H&H-based cartridge, the .300 Weatherby Magnum. [25] The casings will fireform upon discharge. [26]

.30 ICL Magnum

The .30 ICL is an improved .264 Winchester Magnum necked up to .308 and a pushed-back shoulder to create the steep angle common to all ICL cartridges and a long neck for improved handloading. Performance with a 150-grain (9.7 g) bullet is approximately 3,545 ft/s (1,081 m/s) and with a 180-grain (12 g) bullet is approximately 3,185 ft/s (971 m/s). [27]

.300 ICL Magnum

The .300 ICL is an improved .300 H&H Magnum. Performance with a 180-grain (12 g) bullet is approximately 3,415 ft/s (1,041 m/s) and with a 200-grain (13 g) bullet is approximately 3,145 ft/s (959 m/s). [28]

.303 ICL Improved

The .303 is an improved cartridge based on the .303 British and works well in Enfield and single-shot actions. Performance with a 150-grain (9.7 g) bullet is up to 3,235 ft/s (986 m/s) and with a 180-grain (12 g) bullet is up to 2,870 ft/s (870 m/s). [29]

.37 caliber cartridges

.375 ICL Kodiak

The Kodiak is an improved cartridge based on the .375 H&H Magnum that is similar to the .375 Weatherby Magnum. Performance with a 270-grain (17 g) bullet is 2,885 ft/s (879 m/s) and with a 300-grain (19 g) bullet is up to 2,720 ft/s (830 m/s). [30]

.375 ICL Magnum

The .375 ICL is an improved .375 H&H Magnum. Performance with a 270-grain (17 g) bullet is approximately 2,995 ft/s (913 m/s) and with a 300-grain (19 g) bullet is approximately 2,843 ft/s (867 m/s). [31]

See also

Related Research Articles

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">.460 Weatherby Magnum</span> Rifle cartridge

The .460 Weatherby Magnum is a belted, bottlenecked rifle cartridge, developed by Roy Weatherby in 1957. The cartridge is based on the .378 Weatherby Magnum necked up to accept the .458-inch (11.6 mm) bullet. The original .378 Weatherby Magnum parent case was inspired by the .416 Rigby. The .460 Weatherby Magnum was designed as an African dangerous game rifle cartridge for the hunting of heavy, thick skinned dangerous game.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wildcat cartridge</span> Custom cartridge for firearms

A wildcat cartridge, often shortened to wildcat, is a custom-made cartridge for which ammunition and/or firearms are not mass-produced. These cartridges are often created as experimental variants to optimize a certain ballistic performance characteristic of an existing commercial cartridge, or may merely be intended as novelty items.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">.243 Winchester</span> Rifle cartridge

The .243 Winchester (6×52mm) is a popular sporting rifle cartridge. Developed as a versatile short action cartridge to hunt both medium game and small game alike, it "took whitetail hunting by storm" when introduced in 1955, and remains one of the most popular whitetail deer cartridges. It is also commonly used for harvesting blacktail deer, pronghorns and mule deer with heavier rounds, and is equally suited to varmint hunting with lighter rounds. The .243 is based on a necked down .308 Winchester, introduced only three years earlier. Expanding monolithic copper bullets of approximately 80 to 85 grains or traditional lead rounds of 90 to 105 grains with controlled expansion designs are best suited for hunting medium game, while lighter rounds are intended for varmints.

A rim is an external flange that is machined, cast, molded, stamped, or pressed around the bottom of a firearms cartridge. Thus, rimmed cartridges are sometimes called "flanged" cartridges. Almost all cartridges feature an extractor or headspacing rim, in spite of the fact that some cartridges are known as "rimless cartridges". The rim may serve a number of purposes, including providing a lip for the extractor to engage, and sometimes serving to headspace the cartridge.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">.25-06 Remington</span> US hunting rifle cartridge

The .25-06 Remington was a wildcat cartridge for nearly half a century before being standardized by Remington in 1969.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">.375 H&H Magnum</span> British rifle cartridge

The .375 H&H Magnum, also known as .375 Holland & Holland Magnum, is a medium-bore rifle cartridge introduced in 1912 by London based gunmaker Holland & Holland. The .375 H&H cartridge featured a belt to ensure the correct headspace, which otherwise might be unreliable, given the narrow shoulder of the cartridge case. The cartridge was designed to use cordite which was made in long strands – hence the tapered shape of the case, which, as a beneficial side effect also helped in smooth chambering and extraction from a rifle's breech.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">.300 Winchester Magnum</span> Rifle cartridge

The .300 Winchester Magnum is a belted, bottlenecked magnum rifle cartridge that was introduced by the Winchester Repeating Arms Company in 1963. The .300 Winchester Magnum is a magnum cartridge designed to fit in a standard rifle action. It is based on the .375 H&H Magnum, which has been blown out, shortened, and necked down to accept a .30 caliber (7.62 mm) bullet.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">.378 Weatherby Magnum</span> Rifle cartridge

The .378 Weatherby Magnum was designed by Roy Weatherby in 1953. It was an original belted magnum design with no parent case, inspired by the .416 Rigby and headspacing of the belted .375 H&H Magnum. The 215 magnum rifle primer was developed by Federal specifically for this round. The cartridge can hold upwards of 7.13 g of powder. The 378 Weatherby Magnum cartridge also has the double radius shoulder design found on the first and smaller proprietary line of Weatherby magnum cartridges.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">.444 Marlin</span> Rifle cartridge

The .444 Marlin (10.9×57mmR) is a rifle cartridge designed in 1964 by Marlin Firearms and Remington Arms. It was designed to fill the gap left when the older .45-70 cartridge was not available in new lever-action rifles; at the time it was the largest lever-action cartridge available. The .444 resembles a lengthened .44 Magnum and provides a significant increase in velocity. It is usually used in the Marlin 444 lever-action rifle. Currently, Marlin, now owned by Ruger Firearms, does not offer the .444 chambering in any of their rifles. It remains to be seen if they will bring the chambering back into production.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">.220 Swift</span> Rifle cartridge

The .220 Swift (5.56×56mmSR) is a semi-rimmed rifle cartridge developed by Winchester and introduced in 1935 for small game and varmint hunting. It was the first factory-loaded rifle cartridge with a muzzle velocity of over 1,200 m/s (4,000 ft/s).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">.224 Weatherby Magnum</span> Rifle cartridge developed by Roy Weatherby

The .224 Weatherby Magnum (5.56×49mmB) is a sporting cartridge that was developed in the 1940s by Roy Weatherby, and commercial ammunition was produced starting in 1963. At the time it was the only belted magnum varmint cartridge. It is a proprietary cartridge with no major firearms manufacturers chambering rifles for it other than Weatherby. It was originally called the .224 Weatherby Varmintmaster when it was introduced alongside the Weatherby Varmintmaster rifle, but the rifle was discontinued in 1994 and the cartridge was renamed.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">.25 Winchester Super Short Magnum</span> Rifle cartridge designed by Winchester

The .25 Winchester Super Short Magnum is a third member of the Winchester Super Short Magnum (WSSM) cartridge family created by Winchester and Browning. It is the largest caliber of the WSSM line and is the most capable of handling large game such as deer and wild boar.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">.257 Roberts</span> Rifle cartridge

The .257 Roberts, also known as .257 Bob, is a medium-powered .25 caliber rifle cartridge. It has been described as the best compromise between the low recoil and flat trajectory of smaller calibers such as the 5 mm and 6 mm, and has more energy, but is harder recoiling, similar to larger hunting calibers, such as the 7 mm and 7.62 mm.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">.270 Weatherby Magnum</span> Rifle cartridge

The .270 Weatherby Magnum was the first belted magnum based on the .300 H&H Magnum to be developed by Roy Weatherby in 1943. The cartridge is short enough to function in standard-length long actions with a brass length of 2.549" or 64.74mm and an overall length of about 3.295".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">P. O. Ackley</span> Gunsmith, author and columnist (1903–1989)

Parker Otto Ackley was an American gunsmith, barrel maker, author, columnist, and wildcat cartridge developer. The Ackley Improved family of wildcat cartridges are designed to be easily made by rechambering existing firearms, and fireforming the ammunition to decrease body taper and increase shoulder angle, resulting in a higher case capacity. Ackley improved not only standard cartridges, but also other popular wildcats, and was the first to create a .17 caliber (4.5 mm) centerfire cartridge.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">.375 Weatherby Magnum</span> Rifle cartridge

The .375 Weatherby Magnum (9.5×73mmB) is a medium-bore rifle cartridge. The cartridge is blown out, improved and provided with the Weatherby double radius shoulder – given the Weatherby treatment – version of the .375 H&H Magnum. Unlike other improved versions of the .375 H&H Magnum like the .375 Ackley Improved, the .375 Weatherby Magnum is not a wildcat and existed as a proprietary cartridge until the CIP published specifications for the cartridge.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">.458 Lott</span> Cartridge

The .458 Lott is a .458 caliber rifle cartridge designed for the purpose of hunting large, thick-skinned dangerous game animals in Africa. It is based on the full length .375 H&H Magnum case blown out and shortened to 2.800 inches (71.1 mm).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">.30-06 Springfield wildcat cartridges</span> Non-standard rifle cartridge

.30-06 Springfield wildcat cartridges are cartridges developed from a 30-06 Springfield "parent cartridge" through narrowing or widening the cartridge neck to fit a smaller or larger bullet in an attempt to improve performance in specific areas. Such wildcat cartridges are not standardized with recognized small arms standardization bodies like the SAAMI and the CIP.

The .280 Ackley Improved was the result of the .280 Remington case modification by P.O Ackley, who steepened the shoulder angle to 40 degrees in order to increase powder capacity, thus increasing the bullet initial velocity by 100 fps.

References

  1. Ackley, P.O. (1927) [1962]. Handbook for Shooters & Reloaders. vol I (12th Printing ed.). Salt Lake City, Utah: Plaza Publishing. p. 441,442. ISBN   978-99929-4-881-1.
  2. Juenke, Vern S. "About Vern". The Accuracy Den. Archived from the original on 16 July 2011. Retrieved 4 October 2010.
  3. 1 2 3 Jacobs, Charles R. (1954). The New official gun book. Crown Publishers. p. 101.
  4. 1 2 Ackley, P.O. (1927) [1962]. Handbook for Shooters & Reloaders. vol I (12th Printing ed.). Salt Lake City, Utah: Plaza Publishing. p. 262. ISBN   978-99929-4-881-1.
  5. "Catalog" (PDF). Quality Cartridge. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-09-26. Retrieved 2010-08-06.
  6. Ackley, P.O. (1927) [1962]. Handbook for Shooters & Reloaders. vol I (12th Printing ed.). Salt Lake City, Utah: Plaza Publishing. p. 267. ISBN   978-99929-4-881-1.
  7. Ackley, P.O. (1927) [1962]. Handbook for Shooters & Reloaders. vol I (12th Printing ed.). Salt Lake City, Utah: Plaza Publishing. pp. 272–273. ISBN   978-99929-4-881-1.
  8. Ackley, P.O. (1927) [1962]. Handbook for Shooters & Reloaders. vol I (12th Printing ed.). Salt Lake City, Utah: Plaza Publishing. p. 278. ISBN   978-99929-4-881-1.
  9. Ackley, P.O. (1927) [1962]. Handbook for Shooters & Reloaders. vol I (12th Printing ed.). Salt Lake City, Utah: Plaza Publishing. p. 287. ISBN   978-99929-4-881-1.
  10. Munnell, J.C. "The .25-06 and .25-06 Improved". Precision Shooting Magazine. Archived from the original on 17 September 2010. Retrieved 4 October 2010.
  11. Ackley, P.O. (1979) [1966]. Handbook for Shooters & Reloaders. vol II (8th Printing ed.). Salt Lake City, Utah: Plaza Publishing. p. 155. ASIN B000BGII48.
  12. Ackley, P.O. (1927) [1962]. Handbook for Shooters & Reloaders. vol I (12th Printing ed.). Salt Lake City, Utah: Plaza Publishing. p. 332. ISBN   978-99929-4-881-1.
  13. Ackley, P.O. (1927) [1962]. Handbook for Shooters & Reloaders. vol I (12th Printing ed.). Salt Lake City, Utah: Plaza Publishing. p. 338. ISBN   978-99929-4-881-1.
  14. Ackley, P.O. (1927) [1962]. Handbook for Shooters & Reloaders. vol I (12th Printing ed.). Salt Lake City, Utah: Plaza Publishing. pp. 346–347. ISBN   978-99929-4-881-1.
  15. Ackley, P.O. (1927) [1962]. Handbook for Shooters & Reloaders. vol I (12th Printing ed.). Salt Lake City, Utah: Plaza Publishing. pp. 365–366. ISBN   978-99929-4-881-1.
  16. Ackley, P.O. (1979) [1966]. Handbook for Shooters & Reloaders. vol II (8th Printing ed.). Salt Lake City, Utah: Plaza Publishing. p. 163. ASIN B000BGII48.
  17. Ackley, P.O. (1927) [1962]. Handbook for Shooters & Reloaders. vol I (12th Printing ed.). Salt Lake City, Utah: Plaza Publishing. p. 379. ISBN   978-99929-4-881-1.
  18. Ackley, P.O. (1979) [1966]. Handbook for Shooters & Reloaders. vol II (8th Printing ed.). Salt Lake City, Utah: Plaza Publishing. p. 169. ASIN B000BGII48.
  19. Ackley, P.O. (1979) [1966]. Handbook for Shooters & Reloaders. vol II (8th Printing ed.). Salt Lake City, Utah: Plaza Publishing. p. 185. ASIN B000BGII48.
  20. Ackley, P.O. (1927) [1962]. Handbook for Shooters & Reloaders. vol I (12th Printing ed.). Salt Lake City, Utah: Plaza Publishing. p. 389. ISBN   978-99929-4-881-1.
  21. Ackley, P.O. (1927) [1962]. Handbook for Shooters & Reloaders. vol I (12th Printing ed.). Salt Lake City, Utah: Plaza Publishing. pp. 405–406. ISBN   978-99929-4-881-1.
  22. Ackley, P.O. (1927) [1962]. Handbook for Shooters & Reloaders. vol I (12th Printing ed.). Salt Lake City, Utah: Plaza Publishing. p. 424. ISBN   978-99929-4-881-1.
  23. Ackley, P.O. (1927) [1962]. Handbook for Shooters & Reloaders. vol I (12th Printing ed.). Salt Lake City, Utah: Plaza Publishing. p. 427. ISBN   978-99929-4-881-1.
  24. Ackley, P.O. (1927) [1962]. Handbook for Shooters & Reloaders. vol I (12th Printing ed.). Salt Lake City, Utah: Plaza Publishing. p. 434. ISBN   978-99929-4-881-1.
  25. Donnelly, John J. (1987). The Handloader's Manual of Cartridge Conversions . Stoeger Publishing. p.  302. ISBN   978-0-88317-269-8.
  26. Ackley, P.O. (1927) [1962]. Handbook for Shooters & Reloaders. vol I (12th Printing ed.). Salt Lake City, Utah: Plaza Publishing. pp. 441–442. ISBN   978-99929-4-881-1.
  27. Ackley, P.O. (1979) [1966]. Handbook for Shooters & Reloaders. vol II (8th Printing ed.). Salt Lake City, Utah: Plaza Publishing. pp. 192–193. ASIN B000BGII48.
  28. Ackley, P.O. (1979) [1966]. Handbook for Shooters & Reloaders. vol II (8th Printing ed.). Salt Lake City, Utah: Plaza Publishing. pp. 197–198. ASIN B000BGII48.
  29. Ackley, P.O. (1927) [1962]. Handbook for Shooters & Reloaders. vol I (12th Printing ed.). Salt Lake City, Utah: Plaza Publishing. p. 446. ISBN   978-99929-4-881-1.
  30. Ackley, P.O. (1927) [1962]. Handbook for Shooters & Reloaders. vol I (12th Printing ed.). Salt Lake City, Utah: Plaza Publishing. p. 485. ISBN   978-99929-4-881-1.
  31. Ackley, P.O. (1979) [1966]. Handbook for Shooters & Reloaders. vol II (8th Printing ed.). Salt Lake City, Utah: Plaza Publishing. p. 210. ASIN B000BGII48.