Il ritorno d'Ulisse in patria (Raymond Leppard recording)

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Il ritorno d'Ulisse in patria
Ulisse Leppard Stade LP.jpg
CBS Masterworks LP, M3 35910
Studio album by
Raymond Leppard
Released1980
Studio Henry Wood Hall, London
Genre Baroque opera
Length166:36
LanguageItalian
Label CBS Masterworks
Producer David Mottley

Il ritorno d'Ulisse in patria ("The return of Ulysses to his homeland") is a 166-minute studio album of Claudio Monteverdi's opera, performed by a cast of singers headed by Ann Murray, Patrick Power, Frederica von Stade and Richard Stilwell with the Glyndebourne Chorus and the London Philharmonic Orchestra under the direction of Raymond Leppard. It was released in 1980. [1]

Contents

Background and recording

During 1–26 June 1979, the album's soloists, chorus, orchestra and conductor gave ten performances of the opera at Glyndebourne. [2] [3] (Glyndebourne's staging was produced by Peter Hall and revived by Patrick Libby, with sets and costumes designed by John Bury and lighting designed by Robert Bryan.) The album was recorded using analogue technology on 4–22 June 1979 in the Henry Wood Hall, London. [4]

The performing score used in the making of the album was Leppard's own edition of 1972, in which some of Monteverdi's music is discarded, music of Leppard's own composition interpolated and Monteverdi's orchestration greatly enriched. [1] [5] [6]

Cover art

The cover of the album shows von Stade and Stilwell on stage at Glyndebourne during the opera's concluding scene, in which Penelope acknowledges that the apparent stranger who has come to Ithaca claiming to be Ulysses is indeed her husband. [7]

Critical reception

Reviews

Claudio Monteverdi portrayed in Venice by Bernardo Strozzi in 1640 Claudio Monteverdi.jpg
Claudio Monteverdi portrayed in Venice by Bernardo Strozzi in 1640

The musicologist Denis Arnold reviewed the album on LP in Gramophone in December 1980, comparing it with earlier versions of the opera conducted by Rudolf Ewerhart [8] and Nikolaus Harnoncourt. [9] Ann Murray and Patricia Parker were deft in their minor roles, he thought, but their starrier colleagues were less satisfactory. Frederica von Stade, he conceded, "does sing uncommonly well, with some delicious veiled tone to convey Penelope's anguish". But some of her music had had to be transposed into the wrong key, and she was too young to play Penelope plausibly. "Penelope need not be portrayed as an old woman, but at least her face has been lined by the troubles of her life; Miss von Stade is far too attractive for us not to suspect that the suitors are after her body as well as the throne". Ewerhart's Maureen Lehane was much more au fait with Monteverdi's phrasing and accentuation than von Stade, and more successful too at expressing Penelope's "pathos and dignity". Penelope's husband was also better sung on Ewerhart's LPs than on Leppard's. Ewerhart's Gerald English had a much better grasp of Monteverdi's idiom than Leppard's Richard Stilwell, and presented a Ulisse who was convincing in sounding as though his return to his homeland had refreshed his weary soul. Orchestrally, Leppard's London Philharmonic sounded heavy-handed after one had heard Ewerhart's smaller Santini Chamber band. The score that Leppard used on his album was the edition that he had assembled himself, and it had both good points and bad. He had addressed the lacunae in the opera's Vienna urtext with great skill, composing a missing ballet, for instance, that could easily be mistaken for one of Monteverdi's Scherzi Musicali. But he had written an aria for Penelope that sounded incongruous, and he had been unwise to recompose the scene in which Penelope's suitors take turns to try to bend Ulisse's bow. His use of a large orchestra was justifiable in principle - the earliest extant score of the opera had been found in Vienna, and Viennese court productions if the early 1600s were believed to have deployed a wide assortment of instruments. However, the way in which he used his resources was ill-judged. Much music for which Monteverdi had wanted only a simple bass continuo had been augmented with strings and brass. The result was that "the expressive movement between recitative, arioso and aria is obscured ... and the music becomes monotonous". Moreover, the richness of Leppard's orchestration diverted listeners' attention away from his singers and their words. Leppard's album was exciting, and would be welcomed by devotees of Glyndebourne, but Ewerhart's was definitely preferable. [5]

Ulysses's benefactors, Juno and Jupiter, portrayed by one of the Carracci family Carracci - Jupiter et Junon.jpeg
Ulysses's benefactors, Juno and Jupiter, portrayed by one of the Carracci family

J. B. Steane reviewed the album on LP in Gramophone in January 1981. After failing to get to Glyndebourne's staging of the opera in 1979, he wrote, he had consoled himself with imagining that the festival's grapes had been sour. The production could not have been as good as had been claimed. But now that Raymond Leppard's album had appeared, "gloriously vivid in humanity and splendour", there was no doubting that the grapes had been sweet indeed. Richard Stilwell and Frederica von Stade performed Monteverdi's eloquent music with "noble restraint and sincerity". "Von Stade", he wrote, "has probably never had a role that draws so fully upon her special character as an artist". At the emotional zenith of her performance, the moment when Penelope at last permitted herself to have faith that her long years of separation from her husband were about to end, "the beauty of voice and character are exactly matched - as with some other great operatic performances of the past, the identity is complete". A debt of gratitude was owed to Leppard for his realization's "great scrolls and flourishes of harp and harpsichords [and its] majesty of organs and solemn brass". Leppard's dramatic interpretation was complemented by a sound quality that was equally, unapologetically bold. [10]

The slaying of Penelope's suitors, depicted by an unknown artist in circa 330 BCE Mnesterophonia Louvre CA7124.jpg
The slaying of Penelope's suitors, depicted by an unknown artist in circa 330 BCE

Stoddard Lincoln reviewed the album on LP in Stereo Review in April 1981. Frederica von Stade, he thought, was excellent as Penelope. Longing for her husband to come back to her; blending flirtatiousness with "sinister charm" in her management of her loathsome suitors; glowing with hope that her ordeal might eventually end; stricken with fear that the man who seemed to be Ulysses might not be; rhapsodic in her recognition that her prayers had finally been answered: in every chapter of Penelope's narrative arc, she was totally convincing. Richard Stilwell was just as impressive as a Ulysses of unwavering determination, and the secondary roles were all well taken too, with Richard Lewis a notably idiomatic old shepherd and Alexander Oliver both pathetic and absurd as a gourmandizing halfwit. Raymond Leppard's reworking of Monteverdi's score was so radical as to amount to a metamorphosis. Monteverdi's sparsely accompanied declamation was enveloped in a constricting quasi-symphonic structure that was at times reminiscent of Richard Strauss. But even though Leppard's treatment of his source material was undeniably anachronistic, it was also "extremely effective", indeed "stunning" - what Monteverdi has left as a skeleton of a piece had been changed into an opera "full of drama and lyricism". We were "fortunate to have such a superb performance committed to records". [6]

David Shengold mentioned the album in Opera News in December 2016 while reviewing an anthology of von Stade's recordings which included several excerpts from it. "The magnificent Ritorno d'Ulisse, he wrote, "... is subjected to Raymond Leppard's syrupy, swooning 'realization', which now sounds risible, but - however lavishly transposed and ornamented - it's inspiring to hear von Stade's bereft Penelope". [11]

Accolades

The album was nominated for a Grammy award for the best operatic recording of 1981. [12] It was also included in Stereo Review's 1981 list of the best records of the year. [13]

Track listing, CD 1

Claudio Monteverdi (1567-1643)

Il ritorno d'Ulisse in patria , SV 325 (Venice, 1639-1640 carnival season), with a libretto by Giacomo Badoaro (1602-1654) after The Odyssey by Homer; abridged and realized by Raymond Leppard

Act One

Scene 1

Scene 2

Scene 5

Scene 6

Scene 7

Scene 8

Scene 9

Track listing, CD 2

Act One, continued

Scene 10

Scene 11

Scene 12

Scene 13

Act Two

Scene 1

Scene 2

Scene 3

Scene 5

Scene 7

Scene 8

Scene 9

Scene 10

Scene 11

Track listing, CD 3

Act Two, continued

Scene 12

Act Three

Scene 1

Scene 3

Scene 4

Scene 5

Scene 6

Scene 7

Scene 8

Scene 9

Scene 10

Personnel

Musical

Other

Release history

In November 1980, CBS Masterworks released the album as a triple LP (catalogue number M3 35910), with a libretto containing texts, translations, notes and photographs from the stage production of the opera that was mounted at Glyndebourne in 1979 in conjunction with the making of the recording. [7] The album was never issued on cassette.

In 2016, Sony issued the album as a triple CD (catalogue number 88985345922), with a 16-page booklet offering a synopsis of the drama. [1]

Related Research Articles

Raymond John Leppard was a British-American conductor, harpsichordist, composer and editor. In the 1960s, he played a prime role in the rebirth of interest in Baroque music; in particular, he was one of the first major conductors to perform Baroque opera, reviving works by Claudio Monteverdi and Francesco Cavalli. He conducted operas at major international opera houses and festivals, including the Glyndebourne Festival where he led the world premiere of Nicholas Maw's The Rising of the Moon, the Metropolitan Opera and the Royal Opera House. He composed film scores such as Lord of the Flies and Alfred the Great.

Frederica von Stade American mezzo-soprano

Frederica "Flicka" von Stade Gorman OAL is a semi-retired American opera singer. Since her Metropolitan Opera debut in 1970, she has performed in operas, musicals, concerts and recitals in venues throughout the world, including La Scala, the Paris Opera, the Vienna State Opera, the Salzburger Festspielhaus, Covent Garden, Glyndebourne and Carnegie Hall. Conductors with whom she has worked include Abbado, Bernstein, Boulez, Giulini, Karajan, Levine, Muti, Ozawa, Sinopoli, Solti and Tilson Thomas. She has also been a prolific and eclectic recording artist, attracting nine Grammy nominations for best classical vocalist, and she has made many appearances on television.

<i>Il ritorno dUlisse in patria</i> Opera by Claudio Monteverdi

Il ritorno d'Ulisse in patria is an opera consisting of a prologue and five acts, set by Claudio Monteverdi to a libretto by Giacomo Badoaro. The opera was first performed at the Teatro Santi Giovanni e Paolo in Venice during the 1639–1640 carnival season. The story, taken from the second half of Homer's Odyssey, tells how constancy and virtue are ultimately rewarded, treachery and deception overcome. After his long journey home from the Trojan Wars Ulisse, king of Ithaca, finally returns to his kingdom where he finds that a trio of villainous suitors are importuning his faithful queen, Penelope. With the assistance of the gods, his son Telemaco and a staunch friend Eumete, Ulisse vanquishes the suitors and recovers his kingdom.

<i>Lincoronazione di Poppea</i> Opera by Claudio Monteverdi

L'incoronazione di Poppea is an Italian opera by Claudio Monteverdi. It was Monteverdi's last opera, with a libretto by Giovanni Francesco Busenello, and was first performed at the Teatro Santi Giovanni e Paolo in Venice during the 1643 carnival season. One of the first operas to use historical events and people, it describes how Poppaea, mistress of the Roman emperor Nero, is able to achieve her ambition and be crowned empress. The opera was revived in Naples in 1651, but was then neglected until the rediscovery of the score in 1888, after which it became the subject of scholarly attention in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Since the 1960s, the opera has been performed and recorded many times.

Richard Lewis (tenor)

Richard Lewis CBE was an English tenor of Welsh parentage.

Richard Stilwell III is an operatic and concert baritone.

Nicholas Isherwood is a Franco-American bass singer, who specialises in contemporary and baroque music. Notable roles include "Lucifer" in the world premieres of Stockhausen’s Montag, Dienstag, and Freitag from Licht at La Scala and the Leipzig Opera, and in Donnerstag aus Licht at Covent Garden.

Ulisse is an opera in a prologue and two acts composed by Luigi Dallapiccola to his own libretto based on the legend of Ulysses. It premiered at the Deutsche Oper Berlin on 29 September 1968 conducted by Lorin Maazel with Erik Saedén in the title role. Ulisse was Dallapiccola's last opera and took eight years to compose. As in his previous operas, Volo di notte and Il prigioniero, his declared theme was "the struggle of man against some force much stronger than he".

These lists show the audio and visual recordings of Il ritorno d'Ulisse in patria by Claudio Monteverdi. The opera was premièred in Venice in 1640, initially in five acts, and was then performed in Bologna before returning to Venice for the 1641–42 season. The music was subsequently lost; modern productions of the opera have been based on editions derived from the sole manuscript score, a three-act version discovered in Vienna in the 19th century. Performances were rare until the 1970s, when after stagings in Vienna and at Glyndebourne, both of which were recorded, the work entered the operatic mainstream. Since that date recordings have been issued regularly, in five-act, three-act and two-act versions.

Diana Montague is an English mezzo-soprano, known for her performances in opera and as a concert singer.

John Fryatt

John James Fryatt was an English actor and opera singer best known for his performance in comic character roles.

Ulysses Awakes(after Monteverdi) is a musical composition for solo viola and strings by English composer John Woolrich. It is a creative transcription of Ulysses' first aria in act 1, scene 7 of Claudio Monteverdi's opera Il ritorno d'Ulisse in patria. Ulysses has been washed up on the coast of Ithaca, his homeland.

Christine Rice is an English operatic mezzo-soprano. She has performed across Europe at venues including the Royal Opera House, the Bavarian State Opera, the Frankurt Opera, the Teatro Real and the English National Opera. From 2004 to 2006 she was a BBC Radio 3 New Generation Artist.

Wilke te Brummelstroete is a Dutch mezzo-soprano. She has recorded Bach cantatas with John Eliot Gardiner and appeared as the valkyrie Siegrune in Wagner's Die Walküre at the Bayreuth Festival.

Rotraud Hansmann is an Austrian soprano in opera and concert. She was a singer in the recordings by Nikolaus Harnoncourt which began historically informed performances, such as Monteverdi's operas and works by Johann Sebastian Bach. She was a teacher at the University of Music and Performing Arts, Vienna.

<i>Italian Opera Arias</i> 1979 studio album by Frederica von Stade

Italian Opera Arias is a 51-minute studio album of music performed by Frederica von Stade, Janice Taylor and the National Arts Centre Orchestra under the direction of Mario Bernardi. It was released in 1979.

<i>Frederica von Stade chante Monteverdi & Cavalli</i> (recording) 1985 studio album by Frederica von Stade

Frederica von Stade chante Monteverdi & Cavalli is a 48-minute studio album of arias by Francesco Cavalli and songs and arias by Claudio Monteverdi, performed by von Stade with the Scottish Chamber Orchestra under the direction of Raymond Leppard. It was released in 1985. A second, 54-minute version of the album, released in 1995 as Recital: Frederica von Stade: Cavalli, Monteverdi & Mozart Arias, added two bonus arias taken from Erato's 1978 recording of Mozart's Così fan tutte, on which von Stade sang Dorabella with the Orchestre Philharmonique de Strasbourg under Alain Lombard.

<i>Pelléas et Mélisande</i> (Herbert von Karajan recording) 1979 studio album by Herbert von Karajan

Pelléas et Mélisande is a 162-minute studio album of Claude Debussy's opera, performed by Christine Barbaux, José van Dam, Nadine Denize, Ruggero Raimondi, Frederica von Stade, Richard Stilwell and Pascal Thomas with the Chorus of the German Opera Berlin and the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra under the direction of Herbert von Karajan. It was released in 1979.

<i>Glyndebourne Festival Opera: A Gala Evening</i>

Glyndebourne Festival Opera: A Gala Evening was a 111-minute concert staged by Glyndebourne Festival Opera on 24 July 1992, performed by Kim Begley, Montserrat Caballé, Cynthia Haymon, Felicity Lott, Benjamin Luxon, Ruggero Raimondi and Frederica von Stade with the Glyndebourne Festival Chorus and the London Philharmonic Orchestra under the direction of Sir Andrew Davis and Sir Bernard Haitink. It was televised in the United Kingdom by the BBC and released on VHS Videocassette by Kultur Video and on DVD by Image Entertainment, Arthaus Musik and Geneon.

Margaret Baker Genovesi, now retired, was an Australian soprano based in Rome.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Monteverdi, Claudio: Il ritorno d'Ulisse in patria, conducted by Raymond Leppard, Sony CD, 88985345922, 2016
  2. "Il Ritorno d'Ulisse / Glyndebourne Festival 1979 Archives".
  3. "Il Ritorno d'Ulisse, 01 June 1979".
  4. 1 2 Frederica von Stade: The Complete Columbia Recital Albums, Sony CD, 88875183412, 2016
  5. 1 2 Arnold, Dennis: Gramophone , December 1980, p. 878
  6. 1 2 Lincoln, Stoddard: Stereo Review , April 1981, p. 104
  7. 1 2 Monteverdi, Claudio: Il ritorno d'Ulisse in patria, conducted by Raymond Leppard, CBS Masterworks LP, M3 35910, 1980
  8. Monteverdi, Claudio: Il ritorno d'Ulisse in patria, conducted by Rudolf Ewerhart, Turnabout LP, TV-37016-8S
  9. Monteverdi, Claudio: Il ritorno d'Ulisse in patria, conducted by Nikolaus Harnoncourt, Telefunken LP, GK6-35024
  10. Steane, J. B.: Gramophone, January 1981, p. 939
  11. https://www.operanews.com/Opera_News_Magazine/2016/12/Recordings/Frederica_von_Stade__The_Complete_Columbia_Recital_Albums.html
  12. "Frederica von Stade". 15 December 2020.
  13. Stereo Review, February 1982, p. 62