Ilocano numbers

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Ilocano has two number systems: one is native and the other is derived from Spanish. The systems are virtually used interchangeably. Yet, the situation can dictate which system is preferred.

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Typically, Ilocanos use native numbers for one through 10, and Spanish numbers for amounts of 10 and higher.

Specific time is told using the Spanish system and numbers for hours and minutes, for example, Alas dos/A las dos (2 o'clock).

For dates, cardinal Spanish numbers are the norm; for example, 12 (dose) ti Julio/Hulio (the twelfth of July).

As with other roots in the language, numbers can undergo various forms of agglutination.

Cardinal

Cardinal numbers are those used in counting.

NumberIlocano-NativeIlocano-SpanishSpanish / Spanish-style spelling
1maysaunouno
2duadosdos
3tallotrestres
4uppatkuatrocuatro
5limasingkocinco
6innemsaisseis
7pitosietesiete
8walootsoocho
9siamnuebenueve
10sangapulo, [1] [2] pullodiesdiez
11sangapulo ket maysa, sangapulo't maysaonseonce
12sangapulo ket dua, sangapulo't duadosedoce
13sangapulo ket tallo, sangapulo't tallotresetrece
14sangapulo ket uppat, sangapulo't uppatkatorsecatorce
15sangapulo ket lima, sangapulo't limakinsequince
16sangapulo ket innem, sangapulo't innemdiesisais, disi-saisdiez y seis, dieciséis
17sangapulo ket pito, sangapulo't pitodiesisiete, disi-sietediez y siete, diecisiete
18sangapulo ket walo, sangapulo't walodiesiotso, disi-otsodiez y ocho, dieciocho
19sangapulo ket siam/sham, sangapulo't siam/shamdiesinuebe, disi-nuebediez y nueve, diecinueve
20duapulo [1] bainte, beinteveinte
21duapulo ket maysa, duapulo't maysabaintiuno, bainte-uno, beintiunoveinte y uno, veintiúno
30tallopulotreinta, trentatreinta
40uppat a pulokuarentacuarenta
50limapulosingkuentacincuenta
60innem a pulosesenta, sisentasesenta
70pitopulosetenta, sitentasetenta
80walopulootsentaochenta
90siam a pulonobentanoventa
100sangagasut, [2] [3] gasutsien, [4] sientocien, [4] ciento
101sangagasut ket maysasiento y unociento y uno
500 [5] limagasutkinientosquinientos
1,000sangaribo, [2] [6] ribomilmil
10,000sangalaksa, [2] [7] sangapulo nga ribodies mildiez mil
100,000sangagasut a ribosien milcien mil
1,000,000sangariwriw [2] [8] milionmillón

Numbers are connected to their nouns using the ligature a/nga.

maysa a boteliaone bottleinnem a riwriw a taosix million people

Ordinal

To form the ordinal number (second, third, etc.), except for first, maika- is prefixed to the cardinal form. Note the exceptional forms for third, fourth and sixth.

CardinalOrdinalGloss
maysaumuna (past: immuna)first
duamaikaduasecond
tallomaikatlothird
uppatmaikapatfourth
limamaikalimafifth
innemmaikanemsixth
pitomaikapitoseventh
walomaikawaloeighth
siammaikasiamninth
sangapulomaikasangapulotenth

Aggregate

With the group numbers (pulo, gasut, ribo, laksa and riwriw), infixing in indicates division.

UnitGlossAggregateGloss
pulotenpinulloby the tens, by the decade
gasuthundredginasutby the hundreds
ribothousandriniboby the thousands
laksaten thousandlinaksaby the ten-thousands, by the myriad
riwriwmillionriniwriwby the millions

Aggregate numbers have already been introduced: sangapulo, sangaribo, etc. Each is prefixed with sanga-. To form other groups, other numbers, and units of length, time or capacity can be used with sanga-. The alternate form is sangka-.

UnitGlossAggregateGloss
pulotensangapuloten
limafivesangalimaa group of five
igupswallowsangaigupa gulp
iwaslicesangaiwaa slice of
lamutin mouthsangalamutmouthful

Distributive

Distributives are formed by prefixing sag- plus reduplication of the first CV (light reduplication) of the cardinal form or the unit. Distributives express so many each, so many a piece. Note the irregular forms for one each, three each, four each and six each.

CardinalDistributiveGloss
maysasaggaysaone each, a piece
duasagduduatwo each, a piece
tallosaggatlothree each, a piece
uppatsagpapatfour each, a piece
limasaglilimafive each, a piece
innemsagninemsix each, a piece
pitosagpipitoseven each, a piece
walosagwawaloeight each, a piece
manosagmamanohow many/much each, a piece
doliarsagdodoliara dollar each, a piece
Saggatlokami.We take three each.Sagdodoliarda.They are one dollar each.

When used with pami(n)-, sagpami(n)-, the result is a distributive multiplicative: so many times each.

Sagpaminduakami a napan a nabuya diay sine.We each saw the movie twice.

Indefinite

Indefinite numbers are formed by prefixing sumag- and CV reduplication of the first syllable of the cardinal form. In addition, to the cardinal numbers, sumag- can be used with the interrogative manoHow much/many?.

CardinalIndefiniteGloss
duasumagduduaabout two
tallosumaggatloabout three
uppatsumagpapatabout four
manosumagmamanoabout how much/many

Limitative

Limitatives express no more, no less than what the root number or aggregate specifies. It is formed by reduplicating the CVC (heavy reduplication) of the first syllable of the cardinal number or root form. sanga-/sangka- may be reduplicated, sangsanga-/sangsangka-, also to express limitation.

CardinalLimitativeGloss
maysamaymaysaonly one
duaduduaonly two
tallotaltalloonly three
uppatup-uppatonly four
sangaigupsangsangaiguponly one gulp
Sangsangaigup ti nainumkoI drank one gulp.

Multiplicative

These adverbial numbers are formed by prefixing mami(n)- to the cardinal form. Note the forms for once, twice, three times/thrice. Perfect form: nami(n)-.

CardinalMultiplicativeGloss
maysamaminsanonce
duamaminduatwo times, twice
tallomamitlothree times, thrice
uppatmamimpatfour times
limamaminlimafive times
adumamin-aduoften, many times
Maminduakanto a mapan.You will go twice.Mamimpitok a nabuya.I've watched it seven times.

The multiplicatives can be limited by maminpi-/mamipin- (Perf: naminpi-/namipin-).

CardinalLimited MultiplicativeGloss
maysamaminpinsanonly once
duamaminpinduaonly two times, twice
tallomaminpitloonly three times, thrice
uppatmaminpimpatonly four times
limamaminpinlimaonly five times

The multiplicatives can be made ordinal with kapami(n)-. The resulting form is treated as a nominal and takes ergative agents.

CardinalLimited MultiplicativeGloss
maysakapaminsanonly time
duakapaminduasecond time
tallokapamitlothird time
uppatkapamimpatfourth time
limakapaminlimafifth time
Kapaminlimana ti agbuya iti dayta a pelikula.This is her fifth time to see that film.

Nakapamin- prefixed to numbers behaves as an adverb.

Nakapaminduana nga agpadawat iti kuarta.He solicited twice for money.

Fractional

The denominator in fractions is prefixed by pagka-. Numbers such as sangapuloten, sangagasuthundred, etc. drop the sanga- prefix before taking the prefix.

CardinalDenominatorGloss
tallopagkatlothird
innempagkanemsixth
sangagasutpagkagasuthundredth
maysa a pagkatloone thirdlima a pagkagasut5 percent

Divisional

Divisional numbers are formed by prefixing agka- and denote into how many parts something is divided. The perfective is nagka-.

Agkawalonto ti "apple pie".The apple pie will be divided into eight (pieces).Nagkawalo ti "apple pie".The apple pie was divided into eight (pieces).

See also

Notes

  1. 1 2 Literally ten is one group of ten and twenty is two tens, etc.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 The numbers ten, hundred, thousand, ten thousand, hundred thousand and one million begin with sanga-a group of. Multiples above that do not and are treated like units; for example, dua a riwriwtwo million, NOT *dua a sangariwriw.
  3. Similar to the tens, sangagasut is literally one group of a hundred, etc.
  4. 1 2 Cien and Sien are used when only when meaning exactly 100. Ciento and Siento are used in conjunction with 101 and above.
  5. Five hundred is added here because of its exceptional formation in Spanish.
  6. Root: ribo; 2 000 is dua a ribo, etc. Note the explicit use of the ligature a
  7. Root: laksa. Twenty thousand is dua a laksa, lit. two ten thousands.
  8. Root: riwriw

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