A trade union or labor union,often simply referred to as a union,is an organization of workers whose purpose is to maintain or improve the conditions of their employment,such as attaining better wages and benefits,improving working conditions,improving safety standards,establishing complaint procedures,developing rules governing status of employees and protecting and increasing the bargaining power of workers.
Human migration is the movement of people from one place to another with intentions of settling,permanently or temporarily,at a new location.
David W. Harvey is a British Marxist economic geographer,podcaster,and Distinguished Professor of anthropology and geography at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York (CUNY). He received his PhD in geography from the University of Cambridge in 1961. Harvey has authored many books and essays that have been prominent in the development of modern geography as a discipline. He is a proponent of the idea of the right to the city.
Stanley Aronowitz was an American sociologist,trade union official,and political activist. A professor of sociology,cultural studies,and urban education at the CUNY Graduate Center,his longtime political activism and cultural criticism was influential in the New Left movement of the 1960s,1970s,and beyond. He was also an advocate for organized labor and a member of the interim consultative committee of the International Organization for a Participatory Society. In 2012,Aronowitz was awarded the Center for Study of Working Class Life's Lifetime Achievement Award at Stony Brook University.
Labor unions represent United States workers in many industries recognized under US labor law since the 1935 enactment of the National Labor Relations Act. Their activity today centers on collective bargaining over wages,benefits,and working conditions for their membership,and on representing their members in disputes with management over violations of contract provisions. Larger trade unions also typically engage in lobbying activities and electioneering at the state and federal level.
Reserve army of labour is a concept in Karl Marx's critique of political economy. It refers to the unemployed and underemployed in capitalist society. It is synonymous with "industrial reserve army" or "relative surplus population",except that the unemployed can be defined as those actually looking for work and that the relative surplus population also includes people unable to work. The use of the word "army" refers to the workers being conscripted and regimented in the workplace in a hierarchy under the command or authority of the owners of capital.
Community unionism,also known as reciprocal unionism,refers to the formation of alliances between unions and non-labour groups in order to achieve common goals. These unions seek to organize the employed,unemployed,and underemployed. They press for change in the workplace and beyond,organizing around issues such as welfare reform,health care,jobs,housing,and immigration. Individual issues at work are seen as being a part of broader societal problems which they seek to address. Unlike trade unions,community union membership is not based on the workplace- it is based on common identities and issues. Alliances forged between unions and other groups may have a primary identity based on affiliations of religion,ethnic group,gender,disability,environmentalism,neighborhood residence,or sexuality.
Migrant domestic workers are,according to the International Labour Organization’s Convention No. 189 and the International Organization for Migration,any persons "moving to another country or region to better their material or social conditions and improve the prospect for themselves or their family," engaged in a work relationship performing "in or for a household or households." Domestic work itself can cover a "wide range of tasks and services that vary from country to country and that can be different depending on the age,gender,ethnic background and migration status of the workers concerned." These particular workers have been identified by some academics as situated within "the rapid growth of paid domestic labor,the feminization of transnational migration,and the development of new public spheres." Prominent discussions on the topic include the status of these workers,reasons behind the pursue in this labour,recruitment and employment practices in the field,and various measures being undertaken to change the conditions of domestic work among migrants.
Journal of Labor and Society,formerly WorkingUSA:The Journal of Labor and Society,is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal published by Brill covering the political economy of labour,labor movements,and class relations throughout the world. The journal is published in print and online. It focuses on the current context and shape of capitalist social relations,business and corporations,labor relations,the working class and the labor unions in the Global South. The journal encourages submissions on the political economy of imperialism,global inequality and poverty,labor and the right wing,and political movements. The journal was established in 1997 and published by Wiley Periodicals through December 2020. In January 2021,Journal of Labor and Society begins publishing with Brill. The editor is Immanuel Ness. The title reflects the journal's commitment to publishing peer-reviewed scientific research into the social,political,economic,and cultural conditions faced by workers worldwide. Its editorial office is located within the Graduate Center for Worker Education at Brooklyn College of the City University of New York. It is a member of the Committee on Publication Ethics.
Ruth Milkman is an American sociologist of labor and labor movements. She is Distinguished Professor of Sociology at the CUNY Graduate Center and the director of research at CUNY School of Labor and Urban Studies. Between 1988 and 2009 Milkman taught at the University of California,Los Angeles,where she directed the UCLA Institute for Research on Labor and Employment.
Bruce Nissen is a professor emeritus of labor studies and director of research at the Center for Labor Research and Studies (CLRS) at Florida International University (FIU). He also formerly directed that university's Research Institute on Social and Economic Policy (RISEP).
Boris Yulyevich Kagarlitsky is a Russian Marxist theoretician and sociologist who has been a political dissident in the former Soviet Union and the Russian Federation. He is an associate of the Transnational Institute. Kagarlitsky is the director of Institute of Globalisation Studies and Social Movements (IGSO) and editor in chief of Levaya Politika quarterly in Moscow. Kagarlisky hosts a YouTube channel Rabkor,associated with his online newspaper of the same name.
The Global Labour University (GLU) is an international network of universities,trade unions,NGOs and the International Labour Organisation. It was initiated in 2002 and offers master's programs,academic certificate programs and Massive Open Online Courses (MOOC) on sustainable development,social justice,international labour standards and trade/labour unions,economic policies and global institutions.
Tom Bramble is a socialist activist,author and retired academic based in Queensland,Australia. He taught Industrial Relations at the University of Queensland for many years and has authored numerous books and articles on the Australian labour movement. He is a member of Socialist Alternative.
Progressivism is a political philosophy that holds that it is possible to improve human societies through political reform or through government mandates. As a political movement,progressivism seeks to advance the human condition through social reform based on purported advancements in science,technology,and social organization. Adherents hold that progressivism has universal application and endeavor to spread this idea to human societies everywhere. Progressivism arose during the Age of Enlightenment out of the belief that civility in Europe was improving due to the application of new empirical knowledge to the governance of society.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the broad,interdisciplinary subject of globalization:
A workers' council,or labor council,is a type of council in a workplace or a locality made up of workers or of temporary and instantly revocable delegates elected by the workers in a locality's workplaces. In such a system of political and economic organization,the workers themselves are able to exercise decision-making power. Furthermore,the workers within each council decide on what their agenda is and what their needs are. The council communist Antonie Pannekoek describes shop-committees and sectional assemblies as the basis for workers' management of the industrial system. A variation is a soldiers' council,where soldiers direct a mutiny. Workers and soldiers have also operated councils in conjunction. Workers' councils may in turn elect delegates to central committees,such as the Congress of Soviets.
Anti-imperialism in political science and international relations is opposition to imperialism or neocolonialism. Anti-imperialist sentiment typically manifests as a political principle in independence struggles against intervention or influence from a global superpower,as well as in opposition to colonial rule. Anti-imperialism can also arise from a specific economic theory,such as in the Leninist interpretation of imperialism,which is derived from Lenin's 1917 work Imperialism,the Highest Stage of Capitalism. People who categorize themselves as anti-imperialists often state that they are opposed to colonialism,colonial empires,hegemony,imperialism and the territorial expansion of a country beyond its established borders.
The labour movement or labor movement consists of two main wings:the trade union movement or labor union movement on the one hand,and the political labour movement on the other.
