Incubus (1966 film)

Last updated
Incubus
Incubus 1966 poster.gif
Promotional release poster
Directed by Leslie Stevens
Written byLeslie Stevens
Produced byAnthony M. Taylor
Starring
Narrated byPaolo Cossa
Cinematography
Edited byRichard K. Brockway
Music by Dominic Frontiere
Distributed byContempo III Productions
Release date
  • October 26, 1966 (1966-10-26)(SFIFF)
Running time
78 minutes
CountryUnited States
Language Esperanto
Budget$125,000 (est.) [1]

Incubus (Esperanto : Inkubo) is a 1966 American horror film directed by Leslie Stevens. It was filmed entirely in the constructed language Esperanto, [2] shortly before its star, William Shatner, began his work on Star Trek . The film's cinematography was by Conrad Hall, who went on to win three Academy Awards for his work on the films Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid , American Beauty , and Road to Perdition .

Contents

Incubus was the second feature film to use Esperanto, following the 1964 film Angoroj . The use of Esperanto was intended to create an eerie, otherworldly feeling, [3] and Stevens prohibited dubbing the film into other languages; however, on the Special Features section of the DVD the makers claim that Esperanto was used because of perceived greater international sales. Esperanto speakers are generally disappointed by the pronunciation of the language by the cast of Incubus. [3] The film was considered to be lost for many years, until a copy with French subtitles was found at Cinémathèque Française in 1996.

Plot

The film is set in the village of Nomen Tuum (Latin, "your name"), which has a well that can heal the sick and make a person more beautiful. Because of the latter, many conceited or corrupt individuals come to the village for this cosmetic effect. The village has notoriety for its magical water, as well as being a ground for darkness and demons. Along the village, succubi entice the tainted souls who come to Nomen Tuum and lead them to their deaths in order to offer their souls to Hell/the God of Darkness. A prominent young succubus named Kia (Allyson Ames) loathes the routine of herding sinners to hell. Kia claims her powers are being wasted, and needs something/someone more stimulating as her prey. Her sister succubus, Amael (Eloise Hardt), warns Kia of the danger that a pure soul will bring: love. Kia persists anyway and attempts to find a clergyman to seduce into darkness. After watching their behaviour, however, she realizes these men are just as iniquitous and shrewd as her previous victims.

She soon stumbles upon a suitable victim: Marc (Shatner), a young soldier, who with his sister Arndis (Ann Atmar) comes to the sacred water in order to heal his battle wounds. Kia then continues to follow the siblings and pretends to be lost. After a brief eclipse, Kia convinces Marc to accompany her to the sea. During the eclipse, Arndis becomes blind from looking into the sky. Disoriented, she stumbles around in order to find Marc. Marc and Kia quickly become attracted to each other.

Marc will not have closer relations with Kia unless they marry. As Kia sleeps, Marc takes her to the village cathedral. Kia flees from the cathedral, bewildered by the sight of Christ and the saints. She is repulsed by both the Godly images and Marc's pure love. His purity makes her ill.

Amael and Kia meditate revenge on Marc for "defiling her" with an "act of love". Amael summons an incubus (Milos Milos) that attempts to kill Marc and rapes and murders Arndis. As Marc prays for his sister, he makes the sign of the cross and the lurking demons cringe in horror. Defending himself from the incubus' attack, he appears to have killed him and Amael tells him he has the sin of murder on his hands. Kia follows Marc, who is dying, to the cathedral where she professes her love for him. The resurrected incubus intervenes and claims she belongs to the God of Darkness. Kia defies him and makes the sign of the cross, surprising even herself. The incubus transforms into a goat and wrestles her to the ground.

After the struggle, she says "I belong to the God of Light," and crawls toward Marc, who immediately embraces her. The final scene shows the couple staring in disbelief at the boundary of the cathedral, with the goat gazing back at them.

Cast

Production

Pre-production

After the ABC Television Network cancelled producer Leslie Stevens' science fiction series The Outer Limits in 1965, Stevens wrote a horror script to make use of the talents of the Outer Limits team he had brought together – including cinematographer Conrad L. Hall and composer Dominic Frontiere – with an eye to marketing it to art houses.

Stevens and producer Anthony M. Taylor wanted a device to make the film unique, and, to this end, chose Esperanto as the film's language. The script was translated into Esperanto, and the actors rehearsed for 10 days to learn their lines phonetically, but no one was present on the set to correct their pronunciation during shooting. [1]

Filming

Principal photography took place over 18 days in May 1965. Location shooting took place at Big Sur Beach and at the Mission San Antonio de Padua near Fort Hunter Liggett in Monterey County. Concerned that the authorities would not grant permission to shoot a horror film in these places, especially the Mission, Stevens concocted a cover story that the film was actually called Religious Leaders of Old Monterey, and showed the script, in Esperanto, but with stage directions and descriptions about monks and farmers. [1]

Release

Theatrical release

The premiere of Incubus took place at the San Francisco Film Festival on October 26, 1966, [4] where, according to producer Taylor, a group of 50 to 100 Esperanto enthusiasts "screamed and laughed" at the actors' poor pronunciation of the language. [1] Partly because of its Esperanto dialogue, and partly because of the scandal of actor Milos Milos taking his own life and that of his girlfriend Carolyn Mitchell, [1] Taylor and Stevens were unable to find any distribution for the film except in France, where it premiered in November 1966. [5]

Restoration and home media

Incubus was considered a lost film for many years. When producer Anthony Taylor attempted to prepare Incubus for home video release in 1993, he was told by the company that stored the negative, film elements, and prints, that all were missing and presumed to have been destroyed in a fire.

Three years later, 1996, a print was discovered in the permanent collection of the Cinémathèque Française in Paris. However, not only was that print in poor condition, it had French subtitles. A new master was created by frame-by-frame optical printing, and English subtitles were superimposed over the French ones. [1] The Sci Fi Channel funded the restoration from that print and a home video DVD was released in 2001. [6]

On February 14, 2023, CineSavant stated that Le Chat Qui Fume reported that a new 35mm print with "excellent" image quality has been located. [7] Arrowvideo will publish a 4K 1.85:1 video restored from the one by Lee Chat Qui Fume in 14 Jan, 2025.

Reception

Stanley Eichelbaum of the San Francisco Examiner called the film "a dud, so pretentious and arty that it nearly drowns in dull, studied technique." [8] Dennis Schwartz of Ozus' World Movie Reviews awarded the film a grade C+, criticizing the film's "thin" story and Shatner's performance, but commended the film's atmosphere, cinematography, and ability to engage in spite of its flaws. [9] TV Guide rated the film one out of four stars, calling it "Inept, pretentious, and dull once the novelty wears off, but handsomely shot in Big Sur". [10] Bill Burke from HorrorNews.net praised the film's cinematography, surreal atmosphere, and uniqueness, calling it "a noble attempt at bargain basement surrealism". [11]

See also

Related Research Articles

An incubus is a male demon that has sexual intercourse with sleeping women.

<i>Angoroj</i> 1964 film

Angoroj (Agonies) is a 1964 film. It is the first feature film to be produced entirely in Esperanto. It was directed and produced by Jacques-Louis Mahé, a friend of Raymond Schwartz who, under the pseudonym 'Lorjak', had previously produced a silent Esperanto publicity film before World War II titled Antaŭen! (Onwards!).

Leslie Clark Stevens IV was an American producer, writer, and director. He created two television series for the ABC network, The Outer Limits (1963–1965) and Stoney Burke (1962–63), and Search (1972–73) for NBC. Stevens was the director of the horror film Incubus (1966), which stars William Shatner, and was the second film to use the Esperanto language. He wrote an early work of New Age philosophy, est: The Steersman Handbook (1970).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">France Nuyen</span> French-American actress, model, and psychological counselor (b. 1939)

France Nuyen is a French-American actress, model, and psychological counselor. She is known to film audiences for playing romantic leads in South Pacific (1958), Satan Never Sleeps (1962), and A Girl Named Tamiko, and for playing Ying-Ying St. Clair in The Joy Luck Club (1993). She also originated the title role in the Broadway play The World of Suzie Wong, based on the novel of the same name. She is a Theatre World Award winner and Golden Globe Award nominee.

<i>Anatomy</i> (film) 2000 film

Anatomy is a 2000 German horror film written and directed by Stefan Ruzowitzky that stars Franka Potente. The film became the highest-grossing German-language movie in 2000. Columbia Pictures released the film's English-dubbed version in the United States theatrically. However, the dubbed version underperformed at the United States box office.

References to Esperanto, a constructed language, have been made in a number of films and novels. Typically, this is done either to add the exotic nature of a foreign language without representing any particular ethnicity, or to avoid going to the trouble of inventing a new language. In science fiction, Esperanto is sometimes used to represent a future in which there is a more universally spoken language than exists today.

<i>Port of New York</i> (film) 1949 film by László Benedek

Port of New York is a 1949 American film noir/crime film directed by László Benedek with cinematography by George E. Diskant and shot in semidocumentary style. The film is notable for being Yul Brynner's first film appearance. The film, which is very similar to T-Men (1947), was shot on location in New York City.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Milos Milos</span> Serbian actor (1941–1966)

Milos Milos was a Serbian-born American actor, stunt double and bodyguard for actor Alain Delon.

<i>The Flesh Eaters</i> (film) 1964 film by Jack Curtis

The Flesh Eaters is a 1964 American horror/science fiction thriller, directed on a low budget by Jack Curtis and edited by future filmmaker Radley Metzger. The film contains moments of violence much more graphic and extreme than many other movies of its time, making it one of the first ever gore films.

<i>Def by Temptation</i> 1990 American horror film by James Bond III

Def by Temptation is a 1990 American black horror film written, produced, and directed by James Bond III, who also stars in the film alongside Cynthia Bond, Kadeem Hardison, Samuel L. Jackson, and Bill Nunn. Set in New York City, the film's plot follows a succubus (Bond) who preys on Black men, drawing the attention of a minister-in-training named Joel, Joel's childhood friend K (Hardison), and a police officer (Nunn).

<i>Black Moon</i> (1975 film) 1975 film

Black Moon is a 1975 experimental fantasy horror film directed by Louis Malle and starring Cathryn Harrison, Joe Dallesandro, Therese Giehse and Alexandra Stewart. It was shown at the 1975 New York Film Festival and was distributed in the United States by 20th Century Fox. Though the film was created in France, its dialogue is in English. The film is dedicated to Giehse, who died shortly after shooting had completed.

<i>Anna Christie</i> (1930 English-language film) 1930 film

Anna Christie is a 1930 Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer pre-Code film adaptation of the 1921 play of the same name by Eugene O'Neill. It was adapted by Frances Marion, produced and directed by Clarence Brown with Paul Bern and Irving Thalberg as co-producers. The cinematography was by William H. Daniels, the art direction by Cedric Gibbons and the costume design by Adrian.

<i>This Night Ill Possess Your Corpse</i> 1967 film directed by José Mojica Marins

This Night I'll Possess Your Corpse is a 1967 Brazilian horror film directed by José Mojica Marins. Marins is also known by his alter ego Coffin Joe. It is the second installment of Marins' "Coffin Joe trilogy", being preceded by At Midnight I'll Take Your Soul (1963), and followed by Embodiment of Evil (2008).

<i>Angst</i> (1983 film) 1983 Austrian horror film

Angst is a 1983 Austrian horror thriller film directed by Gerald Kargl, who co-wrote the screenplay with cinematographer and editor Zbigniew Rybczyński. It follows a psychopath recently released from prison and is loosely based on real-life mass murderer Werner Kniesek. It was banned in many European countries on its release for its depictions of violence.

<i>Eyes of Fire</i> (film) 1983 film

Eyes of Fire is a 1983 American folk horror film written and directed by independent filmmaker and noted still photographer Avery Crounse.

<i>Cry Terror!</i> 1958 American thriller film

Cry Terror! is a 1958 American crime thriller film starring James Mason, Inger Stevens, and Rod Steiger. The story was written and directed by Andrew L. Stone. The film also features Neville Brand, Jack Klugman and Angie Dickinson in supporting roles.

<i>Curse of the Undead</i> 1959 film

Curse of the Undead is a 1959 American Horror Western film directed by Edward Dein and starring Eric Fleming, Michael Pate and Kathleen Crowley.

<i>Succubus</i> (film) 1968 film

Succubus is a 1968 West German horror film directed by Jesús Franco and starring Janine Reynaud, Jack Taylor, Adrian Hoven, and Michel Lemoine. It follows Lorna Green, a performer at a Lisbon nightclub who performs fictionalized acts that involve erotically charged sadomasochistic murders. As she begins to suffer violent, surreal nightmares, it is suggested that Lorna may be under mind control by a man who may be Satan incarnate.

<i>Luther the Geek</i> 1989 American film

Luther the Geek is a 1989 American horror film directed by Carlton J. Albright and released by Troma Entertainment. It stars Edward Terry in the title role, with Stacy Haiduk and Joan Roth playing supporting roles.

References

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Miller, John M. "Incubus" (TCM article)
  2. "A Horror Movie Entirely In Esperanto? The 1966 Film Incubus". www.unitedlanguagegroup.com. Retrieved 2023-10-25.
  3. 1 2 "Esperanto and cinema".
  4. "The bizarre story of a long-lost horror film made entirely in Esperanto, starring William Shatner". Quartz. 2017-07-22. Retrieved 2023-10-25.
  5. Liebenson, Donald (2001-07-11). "Eerie Cult Classic 'Incubus' Returns After Lengthy Exile". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2021-05-09. It never received theatrical distribution in this country and for years was thought to have been lost until a print was located in France, the only country where the film received a theatrical run
  6. Peck, J.B. (October 21, 2002). "Incubus: A demoness on the hunt is defiled by human love in the world's only horror film—in Esperanto!". Science Fiction Weekly (SciFi.com). Archived from the original on August 5, 2003.
  7. CineSavant Column
  8. Eichelbaum, Stanley (October 27, 1966). "The Best Movie Yet in Esperanto". The San Francisco Examiner. p. 32 via Newspapers.com.
  9. Schwartz, Dennis (August 5, 2019). "INCUBUS". DennisSchwartzReviews.com. Ozus’ World Movie Reviews. Retrieved April 22, 2020.
  10. "Incubus – Movie Reviews and Movie Ratings". TVGuide.com. TV Guide. Retrieved April 22, 2020.
  11. Burke, Bill (March 15, 2018). "Film Review: Incubus (1966)". HorrorNews.net. HorrorNews. Retrieved April 22, 2020.

Bibliography