Abbreviation | INT |
---|---|
Formation | 1944 |
Founded at | Bombay (now Mumbai), British India |
Type | Theatre organisation and troupe |
Purpose | Theatre production, education and research |
Coordinates | 18°57′27″N72°48′28″E / 18.9575405°N 72.8078344°E Coordinates: 18°57′27″N72°48′28″E / 18.9575405°N 72.8078344°E |
Website | www |
The Indian National Theatre (INT) is a theatre organisation and troupe founded in 1943 and based in Mumbai, India. Although performing predominantly Gujarati theatre, the troupe has also produced a number of plays in other Indian languages. In addition to theatre productions, the troupe also carries theatre education, training and research activities.
In 1940, on the 50th birthday of Dhansukhlal Mehta, Chandravadan Mehta and his troupe improvised a revue performance named Ranglila. The performance featured elements from Bhattnu Bhopalu (Bhatt's Hypocrisy) by Navalram Pandya, Nawabni Mulakat (Nawab's Visit) by Ramanbhai Neelkanth, Ashok Parsi Hato (Ashok Was Parsi) by Jyotindra Dave and Narmad by Chandravadan Mehta. Such performances, although initially improvised, gradually evolved into organised theatrical activities. In 1944, the Indian National Theatre (INT) was founded in Bombay (now Mumbai), with Damubhai Jhaveri as its first General Secretary. Other members associated with the founding included Mansukh Joshi, Gautam Joshi, Naran Mistry and Chandravadan Bhatt with D. G. Vyas providing guidance. [1]
In 1942, members of socialist youth groups who supported the Quit India Movement sought to use the fledgling theatre scene as a tool for public education, resulting in arrests and imprisonment. [2]
Early performances by the theatre were of ballets or dance-dramas, such as Kalbhairav and Bhukh (Hunger), written by Avinash Vyas and directed by Yogendra Desai. [2] The troupe used two lorries for a stage and to travel around Bombay Province. [3] Apart from Gujarati theatre, the troupe also performed at least one Marathi play. In 1947, Shanti Bardhan directed a dance-drama of Discovery of India, based on the book of the same name by Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, at which he was also present and drew his appreciation, on the occasion of the Asian Relations Conference. Other big productions during this period included Narsaiyo on Narsinh Mehta, Meera on Mirabai and Amrapali. [2]
In 1949, the INT began performing Gujarati plays such as Lagnani Bedi (Fetters of Marriage), a Gujarati adaptation of Acharya Atre's Marathi play of the same name, [2] directed by Chadravadan Bhatt. [1] This play also saw the first pre-sale of tickets. It was followed by a mystery play Snehna Jher (Poison of Love) in which different scenes were simultaneously performed on a partitioned stage. One of the founding members of the INT, Naran Mistry, also directed a number of successful plays. Productions in other Indian languages, such as the Parsi Mota Dilna Mota Bava (Parsi Man with Big Heart) and Shirinbainu Shantiniketan (Shirinbai's Shantiniketan) also began, as well as one-act plays by Firoze Antia, Chalo Jher Pao (Get Me Poison), Bairini Bala (Trouble of Wife). During this time, Firoze Antia, Madhukar Randeria, Anjani Desai, Shankarprasad Desai, Devyani Desai, Vrajlal Parekh, Vanlata Mehta, Nilanjana Mehta and Niharika Divetia became associated with the INT. The INT celebrated the centenary of Gujarati theatre later that year with plays. [2]
Other notable productions included Dekh teri Bambai, Gujarati playsJesal Toral, Moti Verana Chowkma (Pearls Scattered in the Yard), and Santu Rangeeli (Enchanting Santu), and Marathi plays Batatyachi Chal (Potato Chawl) by P. L. Deshpande as well as Kanyadan and Kondu by Vijay Tendulkar. The INT also produced Gujarati children's plays on Chhako Mako and Bakor Patel . [3]
The English productions department of the INT produced W. Somerset Maugham's The Sacred Flame directed by Adi Marzban as well as several other plays. [1]
From 1950 to 1960, the INT organised Rasgarba competitions, which started a tradition of folk performances from Saurashta and Gujarat in Mumbai. The theatre also organised the All India Folk-dance Festival in 1955 and since 1974, has been organising Intercollege Theatre Competitions (later in an association with Gujarat Samachar ). [2]
The INT produces commercial, art, and folk theatre, does research on folk theatre, and trains actors and directors, and has built facilities in Gujarat and Maharashtra for these activities. [1] [3]
The impresario department of the INT performs plays overseas in collaboration with the Indian Council of Cultural Relations. [2]
The INT performs throughout India in theatres as well as nontraditional venues, and uses no scenery. Productions focus on issues of social justice, and rely on pantomime and dialogue. [4]
Ranjitram Suvarna Chandrak, also known as the Ranjitram Gold Medal, was founded by Gujarat Sahitya Sabha and is considered the highest literary award in Gujarati literature. The award is named after renowned Gujarati writer Ranjitram Mehta. It is awarded since 1928.
Gujarati theatre refers to theatre performed in the Gujarati language, including its dialects. Gujarati theatre is produced mainly in Gujarat and Maharashtra, in cities like Mumbai, Ahmedabad and Baroda, Surat and else where Gujarati diaspora exists, especially North America. Rustam Sohrab, performed by Parsee Natak Mandali on 29 October 1853 in Mumbai, marked the beginning of Gujarati theatre.
Manubhai Pancholi also known by his pen name Darshak, was a Gujarati language novelist, author, educationist and politician from Gujarat, India. He participated in the Indian independence movement and held several offices after independence.
Sitanshu Yashaschandra Mehta, better known as Sitanshu Yashaschandra, is a Gujarati language poet, playwright, translator and academic from India.
Jaishankar Bhudhardas Bhojak, better known by his theatre name Jaishankar Sundari , was an Indian actor and director of Gujarati theatre. Starting at the young age, he rose to fame for his roles of female impersonator in early Gujarati plays. He retired from acting in 1932 but returned to theatre direction and teaching in 1948. He directed and acted in several successful plays. He was awarded the Ranjitram Suvarna Chandrak in 1951 and the Padma Vibhushan in 1971.
Amrit Keshav Nayak was a Parsi theatre actor-director, lyricist and Gujarati author. He joined theatre at early age and later directed several plays including adaptations of plays of Shakespeare. He wrote plays and novels also.
Adi Pherozeshah Marzban (1914–1987) was an Indian Gujarati Parsi playwright, actor, director, broadcaster known for his efforts in modernizing Parsi theatre. He was awarded the Padma Shri, the fourth highest civilian award of India in 1964 and Sangeet Natak Akademi Award in 1970.
Saumya Joshi is an Indian poet, writer, playwright, director and actor associated with Gujarati language literature, theatre and films. He is known in Gujarati theatre for his plays Welcome Zindagi and 102 Not Out. Greenroomma is his collection of poems. He has been awarded by Chandravadan Chimanlal Mehta Award for his contribution to Gujarati theatre in 2013. He is also recipient of the Yuva Gaurav Puraskar (2007) and Takhtasinh Parmar Prize (2008-09).
Ramesh Mehta was an Indian actor, comedian and scriptwriter. He is considered to be the "Charlie Chaplin of Gujarat". He has acted in plays and in more than 190 Gujarati films. He wrote the scripts of several Gujarati films, including Hast Melap, Jesal Toral, Ghunghat, Raja Bharathari, Hothal Padamani and Valo Namori.
Kailash Pandya was an Indian theatre artist and winner of several national awards.
Hasmukh Jamnadas Baradi was a Gujarati playwright, theater artist and theater critic from India.
Bapulal Nayak was an Indian stage actor, director and manager of the early Gujarati theatre. Born into a family of traditional folk theatre performers, he joined the theatre company Mumbai Gujarati Natak Mandali at a young age. His acting was well received in his initial roles. He was involved in stage planning and managing and later became a partner in the company. He rose to fame and acted in several successful plays with Jaishankar Bhojak 'Sundari', who played female roles opposite him. He acted in plays written by Mulshankar Mulani, Gajendrashnakar Pandya and Nrisinh Vibhakar. He wrote and directed several plays and eventually bought the theatre company. After a career lasting five decades, he retired after his company suffered heavy loss with the advent of the cinema.
Pransukh Manilal Nayak was an Indian Gujarati theatre actor, director, manager, and playwright from Gujarat, India. Born into a family of traditional theatre actors, he joined theatre troupes at a young age and rose to fame for his comic roles and female impersonations. His performances as a woman from Banaras in Kumali Kali and as Jivram Bhatt in Mithyabhiman were acclaimed. During his long career, he worked with many theatre companies and gave 22,455 performances, earning a listing in the 1989 Guinness Book of Records.
Pravin Joshi was an Indian stage actor and director. He was a leading figure of the commercial Gujarati theatre in the 1960–70s.
Gujarati Natak Mandali (1878–89) and its successor Mumbai Gujarati Natak Mandali (1889–1948) was a theatre company in Bombay, British India. It gave immense contributions to the Gujarati theatre, with productions of more than hundred plays, as well as the training and introducing of many major actors and directors.
Liludi Dharati is a 1968 Gujarati social drama film directed by Vallabh Choksi. It stars Daizy Irani, Mahesh Desai, Kala Shah, Champshibhai Nagda, Upendra Kumar, Kishore Bhatt, Narahari Jani, Vina Prabhu, Vanalata Mehta. The film was adapted from Gujarati writer Chunilal Madia's novel of the same name. It was the first ORWO colour film of Gujarati cinema.
Yazdi Naoshriwan Karanjia is a Gujarati theatre person from India. He is based in Surat and widely noted as one of the doyens of Parsi theatre.
Natya Vidya Mandir, a theatre school, and its amateur theatre troupe Natmandal from Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India had heavily influenced new Gujarati theatre. Established in 1949, it trained many theatre people and produced classic, modern and experimental plays in its twenty years of existence.
Mithyabhiman is an 1871 Gujarati play by Indian writer Dalpatram. Considered to be a milestone in Gujarati literature, it holds an important place among the comic plays in the history of Gujarati drama. The play tells a story of Jivaram Bhatt, who suffers from nyctalopia but does not want people to know about it. When he visits his father-in-law's house, he causes considerable difficulty and confusion while trying in vain to hide his disability.
Koi Pan Ek Phool Nu Naam Bolo To is a 1967 Indian psychological-thriller play by Gujarati writer Madhu Rye.