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Industry of Ukraine has a strong material and technical base. [1] [2] The value of fixed assets is 644,767 million ₴ (as of 2007), which is almost 2.3 times more than the value of fixed assets in 2000. The complex employs more than 3.6 million workers, who together brought in industrial profits of 43,700.9 million ₴ (2007), which is 5 times more than in 2001.
In the industry there are approximately 18% of the employed population of Ukraine (2008). Industry has created approximately 26% of GDP (2012). In the structure of industry, the highest share is occupied by ferrous metallurgy, mechanical engineering, electricity, chemical, and food industries. [3]
As of 2010, 66.3% of industrial output was accounted for by manufacturing, [4] 22.7% by electricity and 11% by mining. [5]
The industry is dominated by the third and fourth technological systems. Their share in industrial production is 95%. The basis of these systems are metallurgical, chemical, light industry, fuel and energy complex, and most branches of mechanical engineering. The share of the fifth and sixth technological systems does not exceed 5%. The basis of these systems is the electronics industry, computing, fiber-optic technology, software, [6] telecommunications, robotics, information services, and biotechnology.
Although industrial enterprises receive significant profits, the profitability of products for 2003-2010 does not exceed 3-6%. Of the 55,000 industrial enterprises, [7] more than 18,000 (33%) are unprofitable. Another negative side is the reduction in the number of employees in the complex. In 2001-2007 their number decreased by 14%.
The share of industrial exports in gross domestic product is about 40%, but its structure is unsatisfactory due to the predominance of the raw material component, which exceeds 60%. The production of high-tech [8] and science-intensive industries in total is 15%.
In the structure of Ukrainian industry, a large share is occupied by heavy industry, especially mechanical engineering, ferrous metallurgy, and coal industry.
Heavy industry forms more than 80% of the total value of sold industrial products, including mechanical engineering which accounts for 12-14%.
Metallurgy is a domain of materials science and engineering that studies the physical and chemical behavior of metallic elements, their inter-metallic compounds, and their mixtures, which are known as alloys.
The economy of Ukraine is an emerging, lower-middle income, mixed economy located in Eastern Europe. It grew rapidly from 2000 until 2008 when the Great Recession began worldwide and reached Ukraine. The economy recovered in 2010 and continued improving until 2013. From 2014 to 2015, the Ukrainian economy suffered a severe downturn, with GDP in 2015 being slightly above half of its value in 2013. In 2016, the economy again started to grow. By 2018, the Ukrainian economy was growing rapidly, and reached almost 80% of its size in 2008.
Slag is a by-product of smelting (pyrometallurgical) ores and recycled metals. Slag is mainly a mixture of metal oxides and silicon dioxide. Broadly, it can be classified as ferrous, ferroalloy or non-ferrous/base metals. Within these general categories, slags can be further categorized by their precursor and processing conditions.
The Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (1948–1989) greatly developed an already substantial industrial base, and became an important supplier of industrial products to other Comecon nations. However, despite attempted remedial measures, Czechoslovak industry was lagging behind the West by the mid-1980s: it was energy-intensive, innovation and investment in new plant were insufficient, and labor productivity was low.
North China University of Technology is a university in Shijingshan District, Western Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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The Kyrgyz State Technical University named after Iskhak Razzakov is a university in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan. Formerly the university was known as the Frunze Polytechnic Institute. It was founded in 1954.
The technological and industrial history of China is extremely varied, and extensive. China's industrial sector has shown great progress using most of its technology from the 1950s.
The Admiral Makarov National University of Shipbuilding in Mykolaiv is a higher education institution which trains specialists for the shipbuilding and allied industries of Ukraine. The university is named after Russian admiral Stepan Makarov, who was born in the city.
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Engineering Institute of Zaporizhzhya National University.
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Christopher L. Magee is an American mechanical engineer, academic and researcher. He is Professor of the practice Emeritus in Mechanical Engineering Department and Institute for Data, Systems and Society at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He co-directs the International Design Center of SUTD/MIT.
ICG Kovalska, LLC is a Ukrainian developer and manufacturer of building materials. The company is part of the Svitlana Kovalska Plant of Reinforced Concrete Structures Joint Stock Company, and at that time the Plant of Reinforced Concrete Products № 3 was founded in 1956.
Zaporizhzhia Foundry and Mechanical Plant is an enterprise of the metallurgical industry in the city of Zaporizhzhia, of Zaporizhzhia Oblast, Ukraine.