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Inglis Light Artillery Company D, 2nd South Carolina Artillery | |
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Active | March 20, 1862 - April 26, 1865 |
Country | Confederate States of America |
Allegiance | Confederate States Army |
Branch | Artillery |
Type | Battery |
Nickname(s) | "Charles' Battery" |
Engagements | |
Commanders | |
Notable commanders |
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The Inglis Light Artillery was a Confederate light artillery battery during the American Civil War that served on the South Carolina Coast.
The Confederate States Army (C.S.A.) was the military land force of the Confederate States of America (Confederacy) during the American Civil War (1861–1865), fighting against the United States forces. On February 28, 1861, the Provisional Confederate Congress established a provisional volunteer army and gave control over military operations and authority for mustering state forces and volunteers to the newly chosen Confederate president, Jefferson Davis. Davis was a graduate of the U.S. Military Academy, and colonel of a volunteer regiment during the Mexican–American War. He had also been a United States Senator from Mississippi and U.S. Secretary of War under President Franklin Pierce. On March 1, 1861, on behalf of the Confederate government, Davis assumed control of the military situation at Charleston, South Carolina, where South Carolina state militia besieged Fort Sumter in Charleston harbor, held by a small U.S. Army garrison. By March 1861, the Provisional Confederate Congress expanded the provisional forces and established a more permanent Confederate States Army.
The American Civil War was a war fought in the United States from 1861 to 1865, between the North and the South. The Civil War is the most studied and written about episode in U.S. history. Primarily as a result of the long-standing controversy over the enslavement of black people, war broke out in April 1861 when secessionist forces attacked Fort Sumter in South Carolina shortly after Abraham Lincoln had been inaugurated as the President of the United States. The loyalists of the Union in the North proclaimed support for the Constitution. They faced secessionists of the Confederate States in the South, who advocated for states' rights to uphold slavery.
South Carolina is a state in the Southeastern United States and the easternmost of the Deep South. It is bordered to the north by North Carolina, to the southeast by the Atlantic Ocean, and to the southwest by Georgia across the Savannah River.
Named in honor of a father and son, John A. Inglis, a chairmen of the Secession Convention committee, and Captain John C. Inglis, the adjutant of the 8th SC Infantry who died of typhoid in Richmond on October 18, 1862, the Battery mustered into confederate service on March 20, 1862 at Darlington Court House, SC. The Battery was originally promised to fight in Virginia but instead was sent to Charleston during its early service. The company was considered to be from Darlington since most of its men were from the districts of Darlington, Williamsburg, and Charleston, as well as a few men from Chesterfield, Georgetown, Sumter, Marlboro, and Marion Districts. On March 20, 1862, Frederick Fraser Warley was elected Captain. For two years earlier he had commanded the Darlington Guards until half of the company refused to follow the colonel of its current regiment, the 1st SC Infantry (6 Months) commanded by Colonel Maxcy Gregg refused to go to Virginia. Warley helped to create a second company from these men but it is unclear whether this company is related to the Inglis Light Artillery, but Capt Warley and later Capt William Charles appear on both muster rolls. On October 17, 1863 Warley was promoted to Major, with 1st Lieutenant William E. Charles filling his position and being promoted to Captain. It eventually was attached to Lamar's Battalion, South Carolina Artillery, under Colonel Thomas G. Lamar, hero of Secessionville, which would later become the 2nd South Carolina Artillery and with the Inglis Artillery becoming Company D.
Maxcy Gregg was a lawyer, soldier in the United States Army during the Mexican–American War, and a Confederate brigadier general during the American Civil War who was mortally wounded at the Battle of Fredericksburg and died two days later.
After the formation of the 2nd South Carolina Artillery, Company D was stationed on James Island, SC during the summer of 1862 as part of the First Military District, Department of SC, GA, and FL, which was under the command of Brigadier General Nathan George Evans. During the Battle of Secessionville, it was present but the terrain kept it to limited use. Afterwards Company D was transferred to Battery White in Georgetown, SC as part of the 4th Military District, Department of SC, GA, and FL, under the command of Colonel William Stephen Walker. Armed with light artillery, 32-pounders and rifled guns, it was soon engaged with a federal gunboat expedition on November 11 and within a few minutes of the beginning, the engagement ended with the retreat of the federal gunboats. They remained at Battery White until it was sent across Winyah Bay to Waccamaw Neck in May 1863. After, it was transferred to back to James Island in the First Military District, under the command of Brigadier General Roswell S. Ripley. It was during the Second Battle of Charleston Harbor that the Inglis Light Artillery came to Fort Johnson on James Island, SC. Here they helped repulse the federal attack on Charleston, along with the rest of the garrison, with ease.
Nathan George "Shanks" Evans was a United States Army officer who later served as a general in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War.
Battery White was an artillery battery constructed by the Confederates during the American Civil War. Built in 1862–63 to defend Winyah Bay on the South Carolina coast, the battery was strongly situated and constructed; however, it was inadequately manned, and was captured without resistance during the final months of the war.
William Stephen Walker was a Confederate States Army brigadier general during the American Civil War. He was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania but was raised by Robert J. Walker, his uncle, who was a Secretary of the Treasury and U.S. Senator. Walker served as a first lieutenant in the United States Army during the Mexican–American War from 1847 to 1848. He was discharged in 1848. Walker rejoined the army as captain in the 1st U.S. Cavalry Regiment on March 3, 1855 and served until he resigned on May 1, 1861. Walker was wounded in the left arm and lost his left foot during the Battle of Ware Bottom Church during the Overland Campaign. After the war, he lived at Atlanta, Georgia.
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The first USS Ellen was a side-wheel steam gunboat in the United States Navy during the American Civil War.
The Battle of Secessionville was fought on June 16, 1862, during the American Civil War. Confederate forces defeated the Union's only attempt to capture Charleston, South Carolina, by land.
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