Battle of Honey Hill

Last updated
Battle of Honey Hill
Part of the American Civil War
DateNovember 30, 1864 (1864-11-30)
Location
Result Confederate victory
Belligerents
Flag of the United States (1863-1865).svg United States (Union) Flag of the Confederate States of America (1863-1865).svg Confederate States (Confederacy)
Commanders and leaders
John P. Hatch G. W. Smith
Charles J. Colcock [1]
Units involved
Coastal Division, Department of the South
South Atlantic Blockading Squadron
Georgia Militia
Department of Georgia [2]
Strength
5,000 1,400
Casualties and losses
755 total
88 killed,
623 wounded
44 captured
50 total
8 killed
42 wounded

The Battle of Honey Hill was the third battle of Sherman's March to the Sea, fought November 30, 1864, during the American Civil War. It did not involve Major General William T. Sherman's main force, marching from Atlanta to Savannah, Georgia, but was a failed Union Army expedition under Brig. Gen. John P. Hatch that attempted to cut off the Charleston and Savannah Railroad in support of Sherman's projected arrival in Savannah.

Contents

Engagement

Map of Honey Hill and Grahamsville, Official Military Atlas of the Civil War, Plate XCI, Nr.4 Honey Hill.jpg
Map of Honey Hill and Grahamsville, Official Military Atlas of the Civil War, Plate XCI, Nr.4
Map of Honey Hill Battlefield core and study areas by the American Battlefield Protection Program. Honey Hill Battlefield South Carolina.jpg
Map of Honey Hill Battlefield core and study areas by the American Battlefield Protection Program.

Hatch's expeditionary force left Hilton Head, South Carolina, for Boyd’s Neck (above Beaufort) on November 28. It consisted of 5,000 mentwo brigades of the Coast Division of the Department of the South, one naval brigade, and portions of three batteries of light artillery. They steamed up the Broad River in transports to cut the Charleston and Savannah Railroad near Pocotaligo. Due to a heavy fog the troops were not disembarked from the transports until late the following afternoon, and Hatch immediately started forward to cut the railroad near Grahamville. [3]

However, the expedition maps and guides proved worthless and Hatch was unable to proceed on the right road until the morning of November 30. At Honey Hill, a few miles from Grahamville, he encountered a Confederate force of regulars and militia, under Col. Charles J. Colcock, with a battery of seven guns across the road. Determined attacks were launched by U.S. Colored Troops including a brigade led by Alfred S. Hartwell that included the 54th Massachusetts and 55th Massachusetts. [4] The position of the Federal force was such that only one section of artillery could be used at a time, and the Confederates were too well entrenched to be dislodged. Fighting kept up until dark when Hatch, realizing the impossibility of successfully attacking or turning the flank of the enemy, withdrew to his transports at Boyd’s Neck, having lost 89 men killed, 629 wounded, and 28 missing. The Confederate casualties amounted to eight killed and 39 wounded. [5]

Captains George E. Gouraud [6] and Thomas F. Ellsworth [7] as well as First Lt. Orson W. Bennett [8] were awarded the Medal of Honor. In 2001 another medal was awarded posthumously to then Corporal Andrew J. Smith. [9]

Union order of battle

BG John P. Hatch

BrigadeRegiment and Batteries
1st Brigade

BG Edward E. Potter

2nd Brigade

Col Alfred S. Hartwell

Naval Brigade

Commander George H. Preble [10]

  • Sailor Battalion of Infantry: Lt James O'Kane
  • USMC Battalion of Infantry: Lt George G. Stoddard
Artillery Brigade

Ltc William Ames

Cavalry

Cpt George Hurlbut

Confederate order of battle

MG Gustavus W. Smith [11]
Col Charles J. Colcock [12]

Chief of Artillery: Col Ambrosio José Gonzales

BrigadeRegiment and Batteries
Provisional Army of the Confederate States
  • 47th Georgia Infantry: Ltc Aaron Edwards
  • 3rd South Carolina Cavalry (3-4 Coys): Maj John Jenkins
  • Beaufort Artillery (2 guns): [13] Cpt Henry M. Stuart
  • DePass's Battery (2 guns)
  • LaFayette Artillery (3 guns)
Reinforcement during battle:

BG Beverly H. Robertson

1st Brigade, Georgia Militia

Col James Willis

  • 1st Militia
  • 2nd Militia
  • 3rd Militia
Brigade, Georgia State Line

Ltc James Wilson

  • 1st State Line
  • 2nd State Line
Georgia Reserves
  • Athens Reserves Battalion: Maj Ferdinand W.C. Cook
  • Augusta Reserves Battalion: Maj George T. Jackson

Casualties

In a report of Hatch December 1864 summarized the Union losses: [14]

The Confederate losses were reported by Lt Col C.C. Jones in his Siege of Savannah as 4 killed and 40 wounded. The Savannah Republican newspaper on Dec 1, 1864 reported "between eighty and one hundred killed and wounded" [11]

See also

Notes

  1. Stone, pp. 214–25; General Smith, of higher rank, relinquished command to Col Colcock, who was more knowledgeable of the battlefield.
  2. CWSAC Report Update
  3. McKee, James H. Back "in War Times": History of the 144th Regiment, New York Volunteer Infantry, 1903, p. 184.
  4. Jonathan Sutherland (2004). "Honey Hill, Battle of (November 30, 1864)". African Americans at war: an encyclopedia. Vol. 1. ABC-CLIO. pp. 217–219. ISBN   978-1-57607-746-7.
  5. Reminiscences of Charleston, Jacob N. Cardozo, 1866, p. 118
  6. "Medal of Honor Recipients - Civil War (G-L)". www.history.army.mil. Archived from the original on 2013-10-12.
  7. "Medal of Honor Recipients - Civil War (A-F)". www.history.army.mil. Archived from the original on 2013-10-12.
  8. "Medal of Honor Recipients - Civil War (A-F)". www.history.army.mil. Archived from the original on 2013-10-12.
  9. "Medal of Honor Recipients - Civil War (S-Z)". www.history.army.mil. Archived from the original on 2015-07-16.
  10. Bodine, A.S. Narrative of the Battle of Honey Hill; by Lt. A.S. Bodine, Co. B, 127th New York Volunteer Infantry. (undated)
  11. 1 2 Robertson, p. 242
  12. Commanding Officer, 3rd South Carolina Cavalry
  13. Stone, p. 218 claims 5 guns from Beufort Artillery, 2 guns from Earle's Battery of Furman's Artillery and Kanapaux's Battery of LaFayette Artillery
  14. Official Records Series 1 Volume 44 Chap LVI .p. 425

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Battle of New Market</span> 1864 battle of the American Civil War

The Battle of New Market was fought on May 15, 1864, in Virginia during the Valley Campaigns of 1864 in the American Civil War. A makeshift Confederate army of 4,100 men defeated the larger Army of the Shenandoah under Major General Franz Sigel, delaying the capture of Staunton by several weeks.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Battle of Franklin</span> Battle of the American Civil War

The Battle of Franklin was fought on November 30, 1864, in Franklin, Tennessee, as part of the Franklin–Nashville Campaign of the American Civil War. It was one of the worst disasters of the war for the Confederate States Army. Confederate Lieutenant General John Bell Hood's Army of Tennessee conducted numerous frontal assaults against fortified positions occupied by the Union forces under Major General John Schofield and was unable to prevent Schofield from executing a planned, orderly withdrawal to Nashville.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1st Minnesota Infantry Regiment</span> Military unit

The 1st Minnesota Infantry Regiment was a Union infantry regiment active during the American Civil War. The 1st Minnesota participated in the battles of First Bull Run, Antietam and the Battle of Gettysburg. One of the regiment's most famous actions was on the second day of the Battle of Gettysburg when Major General Winfield Scott Hancock ordered the 1st Minnesota to charge into a brigade of 1,200 Confederate soldiers. This action blunted the Confederate attack and helped preserve the Union's precarious position on Cemetery Ridge.

The Battle of Waynesboro was fought on March 2, 1865, at Waynesboro in Augusta County, Virginia, during the American Civil War. It was a complete victory for Brig. Gen. George Armstrong Custer and the final battle for Confederate Lt. Gen. Jubal Early, whose force was destroyed.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Second Battle of Fort Wagner</span> Battle of the American Civil War

The Second Battle of Fort Wagner, also known as the Second Assault on Morris Island or the Battle of Fort Wagner, Morris Island, was fought on July 18, 1863, during the American Civil War. Union Army troops commanded by Brig. Gen. Quincy Gillmore launched an unsuccessful assault on the Confederate fortress of Fort Wagner, which protected Morris Island, south of Charleston Harbor. The battle occurred one week after the First Battle of Fort Wagner. Although it was a Confederate victory, the valor of the Black Union soldiers was widely praised. This had long-term strategic benefits by encouraging more African-Americans to enlist, allowing the Union to utilize a manpower resource that the Confederacy could not match for the remainder of the war.

The Battle of Chester Station was fought on May 10, 1864, between Union and Confederate forces during the American Civil War. The Confederates attacked portions of Benjamin Butler's Union forces.

The 2nd Maryland Infantry was an American military regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War. It should not be confused with the 2nd Maryland Infantry, CSA, which was composed of Maryland volunteers who fought for the Confederacy during the war. The regiment fought at numerous battles during the course of the war, and lost 5 officers and 84 men killed and wounded, plus 3 officers and 134 men died of disease, for a total of 226 casualties.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">72nd Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment</span> Union Army volunteer infantry regiment

The 72nd Pennsylvania Infantry was a volunteer infantry regiment which served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. It was part of the famous Philadelphia Brigade.

The 11th West Virginia Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1st West Virginia Cavalry Regiment</span> United States Civil War military unit

The 1st West Virginia Cavalry Regiment served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. Although it started slowly, it became one of the most active and effective of the West Virginia Civil War regiments—and had 14 Medal of Honor recipients, the most for any West Virginia regiment during the war. It was originally called the 1st Virginia Cavalry, not to be confused with the Confederate 1st Virginia Cavalry. Some reports added "Union," "Loyal" or "West" when identifying this regiment. After the Unionist state of West Virginia was officially admitted to the Union in 1863, the regiment became the 1st West Virginia Cavalry Regiment. The National Park Service identifies it as the 1st Regiment, West Virginia Cavalry.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2nd Wisconsin Infantry Regiment</span> Union Army infantry regiment

The 2nd Wisconsin Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. It spent most of the war as a member of the famous Iron Brigade of the Army of the Potomac. It suffered the largest number of casualties as a percentage of its total enlistment of any Union Army unit in the war.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Iron Brigade</span> Military unit

The Iron Brigade, also known as The Black Hats, Black Hat Brigade, Iron Brigade of the West, and originally King's Wisconsin Brigade was an infantry brigade in the Union Army of the Potomac during the American Civil War. Although it fought entirely in the Eastern Theater, it was composed of regiments from three Western states that are now within the region of the Midwest. Noted for its excellent discipline, ferocity in battle, and extraordinarily strong morale, the Iron Brigade suffered 1,131 men killed out of 7,257 total enlistments: the highest percentage of loss suffered by any brigade in the United States Army during the war.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">125th New York Infantry Regiment</span> Military unit

The 125th New York Infantry Regiment was a volunteer regiment from Rensselaer County, New York, during the American Civil War. Formed during the summer of 1862, the unit was officially mustered into United States Service on 27–29 August 1862, by Col. George L. Willard. He had seen previous service in the Mexican War as well. Levin Crandall was commissioned lieutenant colonel, and James C. Bush major. The unit was mustered out on 5 June 1865.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">21st Massachusetts Infantry Regiment</span> American Civil War Union Army regiment

The 21st Massachusetts Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War. It was organized in Worcester, Massachusetts and mustered into service on August 23, 1861.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">82nd Ohio Infantry Regiment</span> Military unit

The 82nd Ohio Infantry Regiment, sometimes 82nd Ohio Volunteer Infantry was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War.

The 56th United States Colored Infantry was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. The regiment was composed of African American enlisted men commanded by white officers and was authorized by the Bureau of Colored Troops which was created by the United States War Department on May 22, 1863. The regiment was originally organized as the 3rd Arkansas Volunteer Infantry (African Descent) on May 22, 1863.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Battle of Tulifinny</span> 1864 engagement of the American Civil War

The Battle of Tulifinny was a military engagement of the American Civil War that was fought from December 6–9, 1864 in Jasper County, South Carolina during Sherman's March to the Sea. Outnumbered five-to-one, a Confederate force led by Major-General Samuel Jones, consisting in part of the entire cadet corps of the South Carolina Military Academy, successfully defended a strategically important section of the Charleston and Savannah Railway from attacks by Union forces. The engagement was one of the rare occasions when the United States Marine Corps fought in combat during the conflict.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">144th New York Infantry Regiment</span> Union Army unit during the American Civil War

The 144th New York Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Second Battle of Pocotaligo</span> Battle of the American Civil War

The Second Battle of Pocotaligo, or Battle of Pocotaligo Bridge, or Battle of Yemassee, often referred to as simply the Battle of Pocotaligo, took place during the American Civil War on October 22, 1862 near Yemassee, South Carolina.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Independent Battery F, Pennsylvania Light Artillery</span> Military unit

Independent Battery F, Pennsylvania Light Artillery, also known as the "Pittsburg Battery", was an artillery battery that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. Organized in December 1861, the unit first served in the Shenandoah Valley. Battery F fought at Hancock, Winchester, Sulphur Springs, Second Bull Run, Chantilly, and Antietam in 1862. The following year the unit fought at Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, the Bristoe Campaign, and Mine Run. In 1864–1865, Battery F fought at Morton's Ford and served in the garrisons of Washington, D.C., and Harper's Ferry, West Virginia before being mustered out in June 1865. One enlisted man from the battery won the Medal of Honor for heroic action at Gettysburg.

References

32°29′10″N80°56′03″W / 32.4860°N 80.9343°W / 32.4860; -80.9343